1-K\u00fcrtler, Orta Do\u011funun en eski halklar\u0131ndan olup Toros da\u011flar\u0131ndan Zagros da\u011flar\u0131na kadar uzanan co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan ve hint-Avrupa dil grubuna ait bir dil konu\u015fan halkd\u0131r. ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n ad\u0131 tarihsel olarak K\u00fcrdistand\u0131r, ba\u015fka bir tan\u0131mla ise kuzey Mezopotamya da denilebilir. tarihi kaynaklar K\u00fcrtlerin tarihini 5000 y\u0131l geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n
2-K\u00fcrt isminin kayna\u011f\u0131 tarihsel olarak \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re K\u00fcrt teriminin temelinde kur kelimesi yatmakta olup S\u00fcmer k\u00f6kenlidir. S\u00fcmerce\u2019de kur, da\u011f demektir. Ti eki aidiyeti ifade eder. B\u00f6ylelikle Kurti kelimesi da\u011f\u0131n halk\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. bu ismin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi m.\u00f6. 3000 lere kadar dayanmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131 bilindi\u011fi gibi da\u011fl\u0131k bir b\u00f6lgedir. o \u00e7a\u011flarda insanlara co\u011frafyalar\u0131yla veya ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 adlar verilirdi. K\u00fcrtlerinde i\u015fte bu da\u011fl\u0131k co\u011frafyada binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015famas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu ad\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. S\u00fcmercedeki Kurti ad\u0131, Greklerede 2200 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Kurdienne (k\u00fcrt memleketi) diye ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3-Milattan \u00f6nceki tarihlerde Mezopotamya da tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok kavimlerin K\u00fcrt as\u0131ll\u0131 oldu\u011fu yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. mesela isimleri tarihlerde an\u0131lan; Subaru, Kurti, Guti, Lulu, Kusi, Kassit, Mitanni, Med, Mannai, Urartu, Karduk, Cyrtii, Gord, Kord, Kardakes v.s. gibi kavimlerin \u00e7o\u011funun K\u00fcrd olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. etimolojik olarak incelendi\u011finde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrtlerin atalar\u0131ndan bahsedildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4-K\u00fcrtler, aslen T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak, Suriye, Ermenistan devletlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve tarihsel olarak da K\u00fcrdistan diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan, aryan k\u00f6kenli etnik gruba mensup ki\u015filerdir. K\u00fcrt halk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kesin olarak n\u00fcfusu belli de\u011fildir; bu say\u0131, kayna\u011fa g\u00f6re 20 milyon ile 50 milyon aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. K\u00fcrtlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu S\u00fcnni M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019da ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtlerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu S\u00fcnni, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise \u015eii dir. Ayr\u0131ca Alevi, Yezidi,Yahudi,Zerd\u00fc\u015ft ve H\u0131ristiyan K\u00fcrtlerde vard\u0131r. Avrupa da ise 1.5 milyondan fazla K\u00fcrt ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5-K\u00fcrt dili Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi i\u00e7inde yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu ailede yer alan \u0130ran dil grubu, K\u00fcrt\u00e7eyi de i\u00e7ermektedir. daha a\u00e7\u0131kcas\u0131 K\u00fcrt\u00e7e \u0130rani diller ailesinin Kuzeybat\u0131 grubu i\u00e7indedir ve Fars\u00e7a dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak, Suriye, Ermenistan diye bilinen de\u011fi\u015fik devletlerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015famakta olan ve tarih boyunca K\u00fcrdistan olarak bilinen co\u011frafyada konu\u015fulur. d\u00fcnyada tahminen 20-25 milyon insan taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, Irak ve K\u00fcrdistan \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgesinde resmi dil olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6-Filolog (dilbilimci) Abd\u00fclmelik F\u0131rat\u2019a g\u00f6re K\u00fcrt\u00e7ede 100 binin \u00fczerinde kelime vard\u0131r. K\u00fcrt edebiyat\u0131, halk edebiyat\u0131 ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat, yani halk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n tarihi binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dayan\u0131yor. yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat ise bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dayan\u0131yor. Hemadani baba Tahir (935-1010), K\u00fcrt edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fini, bin 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u0130ran da Arap alfabesiyle K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin eski ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc edebi \u00fcr\u00fcnlere sahip di\u011fer bir leh\u00e7esi de Kurmanci leh\u00e7esidir. Kurmanci leh\u00e7esiyle bu g\u00fcne kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r \u015fiirler yazan K\u00fcrt \u015fairleri aras\u0131nda ilk akla gelenler El\u00eey\u00ea Her\u00eer\u00ee (1425-1495), Feq\u00eey\u00ea Teyran (1590-1660), Melay\u00ea Ciz\u00eer\u00ee (1570-1640) ve Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee (1650-1707)\u2019dir. Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee nin Mem \u00fb Zin adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri ilk kez 1730\u2019da \u00e7evrilip yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7-K\u00fcrtlerin Anadolu\u2019nun en eski halklar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011fu yap\u0131lan genetik, Etnografik,Linguistik, Etimolojik ve Arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesinde halklar ya\u015fad\u0131. ama Mezopotamya n\u0131n, Zagros\u2019un ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. yaz\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedildi\u011fi yer buras\u0131. at\u0131n ilk ehlile\u015ftirildi\u011fi, ilk tekerle\u011fin d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ilk aritmetik, t\u0131p, ilk teleskopun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ilk destan\u0131n s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi, ilk \u015fiirin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ticaret, d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler, diplomasi, bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar\u0131, ilk t\u00fcrk\u00fcler, ilk yontular, ilk tap\u0131nak, ilk mutfak, ilk \u015farab\u0131n ke\u015ffi ve ilk tiyatronun yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011fa kuca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bir y\u00f6re. i\u015fte bunlar\u0131n hepsinde k\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n teri vard\u0131r. Mezopotamya b\u00f6lgesini Mezopotamya yapan Dicle ve F\u0131rat nehir \u0130simleride K\u00fcrtlerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8-K\u00fcrt\u00e7e kendi aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli leh\u00e7elere ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r bu Leh\u00e7eler Sorani(Kuzey Irak K\u00fcrt\u00e7esi),Lorani (Loristan \u0130ran K\u00fcrt\u00e7esi) Gorani(Gor K\u00fcrtlerinin K\u00fcrt\u00e7esi),Kurmanci(T\u00fcrkiye,Suriye K\u00fcrtlerinin K\u00fcrt\u00e7esi)<\/p>\n
9-(935) y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Horsadan \u015fehrinde do\u011fan ve 1026da \u00f6len \u00fcnl\u00fc Fars roman \u015fairi Firdewsi (Hakim abu al-Qasim Firdewsi), (\u015eAHNAME) adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eserinde K\u00fcrt-Sasani sava\u015f\u0131ndan bahsetmektedir. \u00dcnl\u00fc Fars \u015fair Firdevsi \u015eahname isimli eserinde m.s. 226 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fcrt kral Mad\u00eeg ile Sasani kral\u0131 Arde\u015fir\u2019in, aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en bir sava\u015f\u0131 nakleder<\/p>\n
Farslar\u0131n yada di\u011fer milletlerin kahraman karakteri olarak ge\u00e7en R\u00fcstem Bin Zal (Yani Zal O\u011flu Rustem) Firdevsi nin \u015eahnamesi nde ona R\u00fcstem-i K\u00fcrd denildi\u011fini aktar\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10-Ayr\u0131ca Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut, 1008\u2019de Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Ka\u015fg\u00e2r \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir. Medreselerde tahsil g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra kendisini T\u00fcrk dili tetkikat\u0131na vakfetmi\u015ftir. bu ama\u00e7la orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 boydan boya kat ederek Anadolu\u2019ya oradan da Ba\u011fdat\u2019a gitmi\u015f, Div\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fcgati\u2019t T\u00fcrk,Ka\u015fg\u00e2rl\u0131 Mahmut taraf\u0131ndan 25 ocak 1072\u2019de yazmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve 10 \u015fubat 1074 te bitirilmi\u015ftir. kitab\u0131n as\u0131l n\u00fcshas\u0131 bu g\u00fcn Ayasofya M\u00fczesi\u2019nde muhafaza edilmektedir. kitab\u0131n Uygurca \u00e7evirisi ancak 1978\u2019de yap\u0131labilmi\u015ftir. mahmut, ka\u015fgar\u2019a d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve 1105\u2019de vefat etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut\u2019un 1074\u2019te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haritada K\u00fcrtlerin \u00fclkesi Arap\u00e7a olarak Erdu\u2019l-Ekrad diye kaydedilmi\u015ftir ki bu K\u00fcrtlerin memleketi anlam\u0131na gelir. fakat en az\u0131ndan Sel\u00e7uklular ve Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde K\u00fcrtlerin \u00fclkesi i\u00e7in K\u00fcrdistan ad\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliniyor.<\/p>\n
11-Bitlis K\u00fcrt h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131, tarih\u00e7i, y\u00f6netici, yazar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u015feref han taraf\u0131ndan 1597 tarihinde fars\u00e7a olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u015eeref name, bir K\u00fcrt taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrt tarihi hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en eski eserdir. \u015feref han (\u015eeref Xan), \u015eemseddin han\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu ve Osmanl\u0131larla 1514\u2019te ittifak Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalayan \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015feref han\u2019\u0131n torunudur.<\/p>\n
Kitab\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r.
\nK\u00fcrt topluluklar\u0131 ve durumlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, birinci safha; K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n saltanat bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak y\u00fckselten ve tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan sultanlar ve krallar aras\u0131na dahil edilen h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar hakk\u0131nda, ikinci safha; saltanat ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k iddias\u0131nda bulunmamakla birlikte bazen kendi adlar\u0131na hutbe okutmu\u015f ve para bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015f K\u00fcrdistan h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc safha; K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer beyleri ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc safha ise; Bitlis h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12-Evliya \u00c7elebi 1611 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da do\u011fdu. Osmanl\u0131 gezgini evliya \u00e7elebi (Dervi\u015f Mehmed Zilli) 1640\u2019lardan ba\u015flayarak 50 y\u0131l\u0131 kapsayan s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde seyyah olarak dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve gezdi\u011fi yerlerde toplumlar\u0131n ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerini yans\u0131tan g\u00f6zlemler yap\u0131p bu bilgileri eserinde aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. eseri 10 ciltlik seyahatnamedir. 1682\u2019de m\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan d\u00f6nerken yolda ya da \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Evliya \u00e7elebi \u00fcnl\u00fc seyahatnamesin de K\u00fcrdistan \u0131 anlat\u0131rken \u015f\u00f6yle diyor; K\u00fcrdistan; Van, Hakkari, Erzurum, Diyarbekir, Cizire, \u0130madiye, Musul (Kerk\u00fck te bu vilatyet te ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde), \u015earezor ve Ardelan dan Ba\u011fdat a kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Evliya \u00c7elebi, Erzurum da ki,H\u0131n\u0131s kalesi ni anlat\u0131rken bu kalenin i\u00e7inde bin iki y\u00fcz hane K\u00fcrt oturur demektedir. Evliya \u00c7elebi, Seyahatnamesinde, K\u00fcrt\u00e7eden ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7enin leh\u00e7elerinden s\u00f6z eder. K\u00fcrt\u00e7enin zengin ve kadim bir dil oldu\u011funu; Fars\u00e7a, \u0130branice ve Derice den ayr\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgular. K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en geli\u015fti\u011fi \u015fehrin ise Diyar-i Bekir oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015f. Seyahatnamesine, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e bir ka\u00e7 \u015fiirde eklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Taha Haber<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Not: Bazi katilmadiginiz yerler olsada alinti oldugu i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahale etmedik<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1-K\u00fcrtler, Orta Do\u011funun en eski halklar\u0131ndan olup Toros da\u011flar\u0131ndan Zagros da\u011flar\u0131na kadar uzanan co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan ve hint-Avrupa dil grubuna ait bir dil konu\u015fan halkd\u0131r. ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n ad\u0131 tarihsel olarak K\u00fcrdistand\u0131r, ba\u015fka bir tan\u0131mla ise kuzey Mezopotamya da denilebilir. tarihi kaynaklar K\u00fcrtlerin tarihini 5000 y\u0131l geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir. 2-K\u00fcrt isminin kayna\u011f\u0131 tarihsel olarak \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. baz\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,299],"tags":[3294,963,17],"class_list":["post-9695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-tarih","category-turkce","tag-kisa-kisa","tag-kurt-tarihi","tag-slide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/53"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9695"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9695\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}