{"id":24230,"date":"2026-04-11T12:32:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T09:32:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=24230"},"modified":"2026-04-11T12:32:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T09:32:52","slug":"evliya-celebinin-kurt-diyarina-yolculugu-diyarbakir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=24230","title":{"rendered":"Evliya \u00c7elebi’nin K\u00fcrt Diyar\u0131na Yolculu\u011fu; Diyarbak\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"
Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funun \u00fcnl\u00fc seyyahlar\u0131ndan Evliya \u00c7elebi, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika’n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyay\u0131 da ziyaret ederek bu b\u00f6lgede uzun y\u0131llar kald\u0131. Evliya \u00c7elebi, “Diyar-\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan” olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede, Diyarbak\u0131r, Bitlis, Van, Malatya, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Urfa, Mardin, Erbil, \u015eengal, Amediye ve Hakkari gibi \u015fehirlerde Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrtlerin sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015fam\u0131na dair \u00f6nemli notlar tutar<\/div>\n
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\"Evliya<\/div>
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Evliya \u00c7elebi, gezdi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde K\u00fcrtlerin gelenek ve g\u00f6renekleri, inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131, giyim-ku\u015famlar\u0131, yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve oyunlar\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nemli bilgiler verir. O tarihte K\u00fcrtler’i Osmanl\u0131 ile \u0130ran aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgesel dengeyi sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir unsur olarak g\u00f6ren \u00c7elebi, hem b\u00f6lgenin hem de K\u00fcrtlerin stratejik \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7eker. Evliya \u00c7elebi’nin 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kimi kesimlerce bazen abart\u0131ya ka\u00e7acak ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara yer verdi\u011fi \u015feklinde ele\u015ftirilen “Seyahatname”si, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de yabanc\u0131 seyyahlar ile birlikte b\u00f6lgeyi anlatan en \u00f6nemli eserlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmekte.<\/p>\n

\u00c7elebi, Seyahatnamesinde\u00a0Diyarbak\u0131r<\/strong>\u00a0hakk\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a detayl\u0131 bilgiler verir. Diyarbak\u0131r\u0131 geni\u015f, bay\u0131nd\u0131r, bereketli ve g\u00fczel kokulu olarak tan\u0131mlayarak, ticari ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir merkez oldu\u011funu belirtir. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n etnik ve dini \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine de dikkat \u00e7eken \u00c7elebi, kentte ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Ermeniler, \u015eemsiler, S\u00fcryaniler ve Ezidiler’in inan\u00e7lar\u0131, n\u00fcfuslar\u0131, gelenekleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri hakk\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli bilgiler verir.<\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r\u0131n ekonomik hayat\u0131na dair bilgiler de aktaran Evliya \u00c7elebi, kent merkezinde kuyumculuk, pu\u015ficilik, palanc\u0131l\u0131k, dericilik ve demircilik mesleklerinin \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sanat ve zanaat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funu, \u015fehirde alt\u0131n ve m\u00fccevherciler pazar\u0131, \u00e7izmeciler pazar\u0131, demirciler \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131, pu\u015ficiler \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok ticaret merkezi bulundu\u011funu kaydeder.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda o tarihte eyalet olan Diyarbak\u0131r, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda askeri ve idari a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yap\u0131ya sahipti. 1655-1656 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r\u0131 ziyaret eden Evliya \u00c7elebi, \u015fehrin bereketli topraklar\u0131, geni\u015f ticaret a\u011f\u0131 ve zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir merkez oldu\u011funu belirterek, notlar\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca Diyarbak\u0131r halk\u0131n\u0131n cesur, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve geleneklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011funu, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n beyaz \u00e7ar\u015faf giydi\u011fi, y\u00fczlerini t\u00fcl ile \u00f6rtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve toplum i\u00e7inde olduk\u00e7a muhafazak\u00e2r bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yazar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Evliya<\/div>
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EVL\u0130YA \u00c7ELEB\u0130’N\u0130N UZUN SEYAHAT\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aslen K\u00fctahyal\u0131 olan Evliya \u00c7elebi, \u0130stanbul’un Unkapan\u0131 semtinde 1611 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya gelir. D\u00f6neminde devlet y\u00f6netiminde ailece tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen herhangi bir devlet g\u00f6revini yapmak yerine en sevdi\u011fi \u015fey olan seyahat etmeyi kendine ilke edinir. Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan Avrupa ve Afrika’da bir \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgeyi gezmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Suriye, \u0130ran, Irak ile T\u00fcrkiye’nin Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesini de gezer. Yak\u0131n\u0131 olan Osmanl\u0131 Beylerbeyinden Melek Ahmet Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n Diyarbak\u0131r ve Van Valilikleri d\u00f6neminde, bu b\u00f6lgelere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 geziler, hem g\u00fcvenlik hem de y\u00f6redeki halk ve idarecilerin kendisine yard\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha rahat ge\u00e7er. Prof. Dr. Ejder Okumu\u015f ile akademisyenler Mehmet Akba\u015f ve Mustafa Alpaslan, yazd\u0131klar\u0131 akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Evliya \u00c7elebi’nin K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgesine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu geziler ve Seyahatneme’si hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler verirler.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00c7 KITAYA SEYAHAT\u0130N\u0130 10 C\u0130LDE SI\u011eDIRIR<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 k\u0131tay\u0131 gezen Evliya \u00c7elebi, buralardaki g\u00f6zlemlerini “Seyahatname” adl\u0131 10 ciltte toplar.<\/p>\n

Birinci ciltte, 1630-40 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 \u0130stanbul’un t\u00e2rihi, ku\u015fatmalar\u0131 ve fethi, \u0130stanbul’daki kutsal makamlar, camiler, Sultan S\u00fcleyman Kanunnamesi, Anadolu ve Rumeli’nin m\u00fclk\u00ee taksimat\u0131, \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 cami, medrese, mescit, t\u00fcrbe, tekke, hastane, konak, kervansaray, sebilh\u00e2ne, hamamlar… F\u00e2tih Sultan Mehmed zaman\u0131ndan itibaren yeti\u015fen vezirler, alimler, ni\u015fanc\u0131lar, \u0130stanbul esnaf\u0131 ve sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131 yazar.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci ciltte, Mudanya ve Bursa, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin kurulu\u015fu, \u0130stanbul’un fethinden \u00f6nceki Osmanl\u0131 sultanlar\u0131, Bursa’n\u0131n alimleri, vezirleri ve \u015fairleri, Sinop, Trabzon ve havalisi, G\u00fcrcistan dolaylar\u0131; K\u0131r\u0131m, Karadeniz, Bolu, Amasya, Niksar, Erzurum, Nah\u00e7ivan, Tebriz, Baku, Erzurum, Bayburt, Erzincan, Merzifon, Ankara.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ciltte, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar’dan \u015eam’a kadar yol boyunca b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fehir ve kasabalar; Eski\u015fehir, Konya, \u0130skenderun, Tire, Akre, K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz, \u00d6l\u00fc Deniz, Urfa, Kayseri, Sivas, \u0130skilip, Rus\u00e7uk, Ni\u011fbolu, Silistre, Filibe, Edirne, Sofya ve \u015eumnu \u015fehirleri hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgiler bulunmakta.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ciltte, \u0130stanbul’dan Van’a kadar yol \u00fczerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fehir ve kasabalar; Malatya, Diyarbak\u0131r, Mardin, Sincar, Bitlis, Ahlat. Evliya \u00c7elebi’nin el\u00e7i olarak \u0130ran’a gidi\u015fi, \u0130ran ve Irak hakk\u0131nda bilgiler; Tebriz, Erdebil, Kazvin, Kum, Ba\u011fdat, Necef\/Kufe, Basra, Abadan, Cizre, Musul, Tikrit.<\/p>\n

Be\u015finci ciltte, Tokat, Rumeli, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f’tan Avrupa’ya kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclke ve ey\u00e2letler; K\u0131rklareli\/K\u0131rkkilise, Varna, \u0130stanbul, Silistre, Hoten, \u00d6zi, \u0130znik, Bursa, Gelibolu, Edirne, Belgrad, Teme\u015fvar, Libhova, Yanova, Varad, Sarayevo, Zagrep, \u00dcsk\u00fcp, K\u00f6stence, Sofya, Semendire.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131nc\u0131 ciltte, Macaristan ve Almanya; Teme\u015fvar, Kolo\u015fvar, Ka\u015fav, Sibiv, Moha\u00e7, Pe\u00e7, Budin, Uyvar, Estergon, Belgrad, Dubrovnik, Mostar, Zigetvar, Kanije.<\/p>\n

Yedinci ciltte, Avusturya, K\u0131r\u0131m, Da\u011f\u0131stan, \u00c7erkezistan, K\u0131p\u00e7ak diyar\u0131; Ejderhan hav\u00e2lisi; Belgrad, Viyana, Walla\u00e7ya, Budape\u015fte, O\u00e7akov, Krakow, K\u0131r\u0131m, Bah\u00e7esaray, Da\u011f\u0131stan, Astrahan, Saratov, Kazan, Kalmukya, Azov.<\/p>\n

Sekizinci ciltte, Babada\u011f\u0131, Hask\u00f6y, Edirne, Dimetoka, G\u00fcm\u00fclcine, Drama, Selan6ik, Yanya, Tepedelen, Avlonya, Dra\u00e7, \u0130lbasan, Ohri, Resne, Manast\u0131r, \u0130\u015ftip, Tikve\u015f.<\/p>\n

Dokuzuncu ciltte, K\u00fctahya, Afyon, Manisa, \u0130zmir, Sak\u0131z, Ku\u015fadas\u0131, Ayd\u0131n, Tire, Denizli, Mu\u011fla, Bodrum, Ege adalar\u0131, Isparta, Antalya, Alanya, Karaman, Silifke, Tarsus, Adana, Mara\u015f, Antep, Kilis, Halep, Lazkiye, \u015eam, Beyrut, Sayda, Safet, Nablus, Kud\u00fcs, Onuncu ciltte M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Kahire, Tanta, \u0130skenderiye, Nil b\u00f6lgeleri anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Evliya<\/div>
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‘OSMANLI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N K\u00dcRTLER B\u0130R G\u00dcVENCE’<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seyahatnamesinin 4. cildinde K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015famlar\u0131, gelenek ve g\u00f6renekleri, inan\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler veren Evliya \u00c7elebi, “Bir ucu Erzurum diyar\u0131ndan Van diyar\u0131na, Hakk\u00e2ri diyar\u0131, Cizre, \u0130madiye, Musul, \u015eehrizor, Harir, Erdelan, Ba\u011fdad, Derne, Derteng ve Basra\u2019ya var\u0131ncaya kadar yetmi\u015f konak yerde bu dili, yani K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019yi konu\u015fan insanlar bulunur. Irak-\u0131 Arap ile Osmano\u011flu aras\u0131nda bu y\u00fcksek da\u011flar i\u00e7inde 6 bin adet K\u00fcrt a\u015firet ve kabileleri sa\u011flam bir engel olmazsa Acem kavmi Osmanl\u0131 diyar\u0131n\u0131 istila etmeleri \u00e7ok kolay olurdu” diyerek, K\u00fcrtlerin o d\u00f6nem Safeviler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen \u0130ran ile Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir denge unsuru oldu\u011funu ve K\u00fcrtlerin ayn\u0131 zamanda Acemlere kar\u015f\u0131 bir kale gibi engel oldu\u011funu yazar.<\/p>\n

EN \u00c7OK D\u0130YARBAKIR’I TANITIR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evliya \u00c7elebi, K\u00fcrt diyar\u0131na yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yolculukta d\u00f6nemin Beylerbeyi olan Melek Ahmet Pa\u015fa sayesinde uzun s\u00fcre kalabildi\u011fi Diyarbak\u0131r ve \u00e7evresi hakk\u0131nda daha fazla ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131 bilgiler verir \u00fcnl\u00fc Seyahatname’sinde. 1655-1656 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu Diyarbak\u0131r’\u0131 tan\u0131t\u0131rken, “\u2026Geni\u015f vilayeti ma\u2019m\u00fbr, ovalar\u0131 g\u00fczel ve amber kokulu topra\u011f\u0131 insanlar aras\u0131nda ra\u011fbet g\u00f6ren, mezralar\u0131 bol, hayrat ve bereketleri \u00e7ok bir bay\u0131nd\u0131r \u015fehirdir ” diye anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Evliya<\/div>\n
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‘D\u0130YARBAKIR BU DERECE IRZ EHL\u0130D\u0130R’<\/strong><\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r seyahatinde kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan bahseden \u00c7elebi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n beyaz \u00e7ar\u015faf giydiklerini, sokaklarda k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na dola\u015fmalar\u0131na izin verilmedi\u011fini belirterek \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: “Hepsi beyaz \u00e7ar\u015fafa b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcp y\u00fczlerinde k\u0131l \u00f6rt\u00fc, ba\u015flar\u0131nda sivri altun ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f takke giyip ayaklar\u0131na da elbette \u00e7izme giyerler. Buras\u0131 bakire diyar\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, temiz bakireleri de \u00e7ar\u015faf giyip alt\u0131n ve s\u00fcse bo\u011fulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda R\u00e2bia-y\u0131 Adeviyye d\u00fczeyinde son derece namuslu, dindar ve g\u00fczellik sahibi olanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 ve pazarda ya\u015fl\u0131 cadaloz bir kad\u0131n bile yoktur. Sokaklarda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu g\u00f6rseler ya katlederler yahut babas\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Diyarbekir, bu derece \u0131rz ehlidir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Evliya \u00c7elebi, Diyarbak\u0131r erkekleri i\u00e7in de “Hepsi \u015fuh, \u015feng\u00fcl, \u015fakrak, nedim, ne\u015feli, zarif, n\u00fckteci ve anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olan adamlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Her biri heybet, sa\u011flaml\u0131k ve cesurlukta R\u00fcstem gibi olan erkekleri vard\u0131r” ifadelerini kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7elebi\u2019ye g\u00f6re Diyarbekir\u2019in \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de, \u015fiddetin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu bir mek\u00e2n olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re Diyarbekir, “K\u00fcrt ve T\u00fcrkmen b\u00f6lgesi oldu\u011fundan da\u011f, ba\u011f, tepe, uzak ve yak\u0131n yerlerinde halk\u0131 sava\u015fmaktan ve kavga etmekten eksik kalmaz. Bu nedenle yetkin, usta cerrahlar\u0131 eksik kalmaz” diyerek, cerrahl\u0131k mesle\u011finin ya\u015fanan kavga ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011funa ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n

‘K\u00dcRTLERDE SATRAN\u00c7 ME\u015eHURDUR’<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evliya \u00c7elebi, K\u00fcrt diyar\u0131na yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu gezilerde, y\u00f6renin a\u015firetleri, konu\u015ftu\u011fu diller, etnik kimlikler \u00fczerine de notlar tutar. \u00d6rne\u011fin Bing\u00f6l’e yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu gezide, Bing\u00f6l b\u00f6lgesinde Halt\u00ee, \u00c7evkan\u00ee, Ezid\u00ee, Zaza, Zebari, Lolo, \u015eakak\u00ee, \u0130zol\u00ee, Biseyan\u00ee, Mudik\u00ee ve Giyg\u00ee gibi K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Gen\u00e7 il\u00e7esinde Ezid\u00ee K\u00fcrtleri ve Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n

Bitlis’te \u015fehir merkezindeki pazarda kitaplar\u0131n sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde K\u00fcrt ve T\u00fcrklerin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011funu, Bitlis’te baz\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin e\u015fkiyal\u0131k yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda satran\u00e7 oyununun me\u015fhur oldu\u011funu belirterek, “… Camide oynarlar ve satran\u00e7tan vaz ge\u00e7ip tekrar derse koyulurlar. Bir defas\u0131nda camide satran\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kavga \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, birbirlerini han\u00e7er ile par\u00e7a par\u00e7a etmi\u015flerdir. Zira K\u00fcrt alimleri ve m\u00fcft\u00fcleri de elbette han\u00e7er ile gezerler. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc genci ve ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131 cesurdurlar ve musallidirler ki, binlerce adam\u0131 asla camiden \u00e7\u0131kmazlar.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Evliya<\/div>
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B\u0130TL\u0130S Z\u0130YARET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r beylerbeyi Melek Ahmed Pa\u015fa ile birlikte ziyaret etti\u011fi Bitlis Han\u0131 Abdal Han\u201f\u0131n yan\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre kalan Evliya \u00c7elebi, han\u0131n askerleriyle ilgili olarak \u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 tasvirler yaparak \u015funlar\u0131 yazar \u201c\u2026bellerinde \u015eeyhan\u00ee ve Maarr\u00e2v\u00ee k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 cepkenlerinde Haleb kalkanlar\u0131, ellerinde k\u00fbpal \u00e7evganlar\u0131, ba\u015flar\u0131 telli, alaca serbentli (ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131), g\u00f6z\u00fc s\u00fcrmeli, \u00e7o\u011fu samur, zerdeva, va\u015fak, sincap ve mavi k\u00fcrkl\u00fc kibirli adamlard\u0131r. Han askerinin orta halli olan\u0131 serbentli, ba\u015flar\u0131 turna ve \u015fahin telli, \u015fal ve \u015fapikli, beli c\u00e2b tirke\u015fli, eli k\u00fbpal\u0131; mavi, sar\u0131, siyah k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, z\u0131rn\u0131k ve k\u0131na ile boyanm\u0131\u015f sekiz \u00e7e\u015fit dalgal\u0131 renkli sakall\u0131 adamlard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Evliya \u00c7elebi Bitlis’teki K\u00fcrtler hakk\u0131nda da \u015fu bilgileri aktarmaktad\u0131r: \u201cK\u0131ll\u0131 K\u00fcrt taifesi olmakla s\u0131k sakall\u0131 ve ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc adamlard\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131dan bir adama baksan sekiz renk sakal\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bir taraf\u0131 kumral, bir taraf\u0131 zerde\u00e7av\u00ee, bir yan\u0131 mavi ve ortas\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk renk alaca bulaca sakallar\u0131 vard\u0131r ki Anadolu insan\u0131 onlar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hayret eder.\u201d69 Burada kullan\u0131lan \u201c Anadolu insan\u0131\u201d tabiri, Evliya \u00c7elebi\u201fnin b\u00f6lgeyi Anadolu\u201fdan farkl\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

MALATYA Z\u0130YARET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Malatya’y\u0131 ziyaretinde buradan bahseden Evliya \u00c7elebi, burada ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n \u0130zol\u00ee a\u015firetine mensup K\u00fcrtler oldu\u011funu yazar. Malatya’da kad\u0131n ve erkekleri anlatan \u00c7elebi, “Malatya da\u011fl\u0131k K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgesi oldu\u011fundan dilberleri me\u015fhur de\u011fildir… Bu kad\u0131nlardan zengin tabakaya mensup olanlar\u0131n ferace, fakir kad\u0131nlar\u0131n beyaz car, izar ve burka giyer. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 cesur ve yi\u011fit olup m\u00fc\u2019min, muvahhid, pak inan\u00e7l\u0131 \u015eafi\u00ee ve Hanef\u00ee mezhebindendirler. Halk\u0131 gariplerin dostudur, nimetleri bol ve yoksullar\u0131 seven insanlard\u0131r. Nak\u015fibendi tarikat\u0131na mensup adamlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.”<\/p>\n

VAN VE ERZURUM GEZ\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Van gezisini kaleme alan Evliya \u00c7elebi, Van’daki Pinyani\u015f e\u015firetini anlat\u0131r. Pinyani\u015fliler i\u00e7in, “Akl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcnde, sad\u0131kl\u0131k \u00f6z\u00fcnde, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 belinde, han\u00e7er elinde, ate\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 adamlard\u0131r ve gayet zengindirler, hile ve aldatmadan uzakt\u0131rlar” der. \u00c7elebi, Van’l\u0131 kad\u0131nlardan bahsederken de, “Allah biliyor ki buradaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f de\u011filim. Ancak g\u00fcvenilir dostlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re hepsi g\u00fczel y\u00fczl\u00fc ve endaml\u0131d\u0131r. Hi\u00e7birisi de evinden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir” der.<\/p>\n

1646 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum Valis Defterz\u00e2de Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00fcmr\u00fck katibi ve ba\u015f m\u00fcezzin olarak atanmas\u0131yla Erzurum’daki g\u00f6zlemlerini kaleme alan \u00c7elebi, Erzurum\u2019da K\u00fcrtlere kom\u015fu olarak T\u00fcrkmen ve Ermenilerden bahseder. Bu b\u00f6lgenin K\u00fcrtlerinin Mahmud\u00ee a\u015firetine mensup olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Evliya<\/div>\n
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‘K\u00dcRD D\u0130L\u0130 HZ. NUH \u00dcMMET\u0130NDEN KALMI\u015eTI’<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt dili konusunda da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini dile getiren \u00c7elebi, Meyyafarikin (Silvan)\u2019i anlat\u0131rken K\u00fcrd dili hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yler: “K\u00fcrd dili Hz. Nuh \u00fcmmetinden Melik K\u00fcrdim\u2019den kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler da\u011fl\u0131k, ta\u015fl\u0131k ve u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z ovalar oldu\u011fundan 12 K\u00fcrt dili vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n hepsinin \u00f6zel kelimeleri olup leh\u00e7eleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Birbirlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu birbirlerini terc\u00fcman ile anlarlar. Bahdinan, Hakk\u00e2ri, Amediye, Duhok, Cizre ve \u015eirvan K\u00fcrt\u00e7elerinin fasih K\u00fcrt\u00e7e oldu\u011funu belirten \u00c7elebi, leh\u00e7e farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin birbirlerinin dilini anlamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n

MARD\u0130N KALES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evliya \u00c7elebi, seyahatnamesinde Mardin kalesinden bahsederken, hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: “Bu uzun boylu kale \u00f6yle y\u00fcksektir ki en tepesinde olan yap\u0131lar\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 ve bur\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6kku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gibi mavi bulutlara ula\u015f\u0131p ku\u015fluk vakti olup nilg\u00fbn renkli bulut kaybolmadan kalenin tepesinde olan minareler ve di\u011fer y\u00fcksek yap\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez. Ta bu derece y\u00fcksek benzersiz bir kaledir. Hatta b\u00fct\u00fcn cihan\u0131 gezen kara ve deniz seyyahlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6yledikleri \u00fczere bu yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde b\u00fct\u00fcn memleketlerde binlerce b\u00fcy\u00fck kaleler g\u00f6rd\u00fck ama Osmano\u011flu devletinde Mardin gibi ibret verici kale g\u00f6rmedik derler. Kale i\u00e7inde o kadar ma\u011faralar, karanl\u0131k saklanma yerleri ve su sarn\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 var ki onar sene ku\u015fatma olsa yetecek kadar su sarn\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn tepelerin yal\u00e7\u0131n kayalar\u0131 \u00fczerine rahmet ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 indik\u00e7e bir damla rahmet suyu bo\u015fa gitmeyip hepsi kayalar yoluyla su sarn\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131na gider, mir\u00ee sarn\u0131\u00e7lar vard\u0131r. Y\u00fczlerce adet ma\u011faralarda 700-800 y\u0131ldan beri k\u0131z\u0131l dar\u0131, kara seret dar\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7eltikli pirin\u00e7 doludur ki sanki hen\u00fcz harmandan yeni kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p ambara konmu\u015f tah\u0131llard\u0131r. Ve ni\u00e7e y\u00fcz adet ma\u011faralarda, \u015fumna (tah\u0131l ambar\u0131) ve mahzenlerde ve ambarlarda danedar bu\u011fday, arpa ve di\u011fer tah\u0131llar doldurulmu\u015f haz\u0131r beklemededir. Ama her sene bu bu\u011fdaylar\u0131 halka padi\u015fah ad\u0131na da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rlar, sonra yine yeni tah\u0131l ambarlara korlar.”<\/p>\n

K\u00dcRT A\u015e\u0130RETLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt diyar\u0131na seyahatlerinde a\u015fireleri de yazan Evliya \u00c7elebi, abart\u0131l\u0131 olarak 6 bin adet K\u00fcrt a\u015firet ve kabilesinin oldu\u011funu yazar. \u00c7elebi, “Irak-\u0131 Arab ile Osmano\u011flu aras\u0131nda bu y\u00fcksek da\u011flar i\u00e7inde 6.000 adet K\u00fcrt a\u015firet ve kabileleri sa\u011flam bir engel olmasa Acem kavmi Osmanl\u0131 diyar\u0131n\u0131 istila etmeleri \u00e7ok kolay olurdu. \u0130n\u015fallah yeri geldi\u011finden 6 bin adet a\u015firet beylerini de yazmaya cevher sa\u00e7an kalemimi elime alm\u0131\u015f\u0131m” der.<\/p>\n

D\u0130YARBEK\u0130R EYALET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evliya \u00c7elebi, Diyarbak\u0131r eyaletinin 15 sanca\u011f\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n memleketin di\u011fer eyaletlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi timar ve zeametli yani beylerbeyleri devlet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6neticilerinin atand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da g\u00f6revden al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011ferlerinin ise K\u00fcrt beyleri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fini belirterek eyalete ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: “Cezire, E\u011fil, Gen\u00e7, Palu ve Hazzo (Hazro) h\u00fck\u00fcmeti. Bu be\u015f adet h\u00fck\u00fcmet serbest beylerbeyilik r\u00fctbesiyle h\u00e2kimlerdir. Ama yine vezirleriyle sefere gitmeye memurlard\u0131r.” Evliya \u00c7elebi, Diyarbak\u0131r Eyaletine ba\u011fl\u0131 di\u011fer sancaklar\u0131 da Harput, Ergani, Siverek, Nusaybin, Hasankeyf, \u00c7emi\u015fgezek, Siirt, Mey\u00e2farikin (Silvan), Amid, Mardin sancaklar\u0131 olarak s\u0131ralar.<\/p>\n

K\u00dcRTLERDE YEMEK K\u00dcLT\u00dcR\u00dc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seyahatnamede K\u00fcrtlerin yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ilgili teferruatl\u0131 bilgiler veren Evliya \u00c7elebi, Bitlis yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: “Evvel\u00e2 beyaz ekme\u011fi, beyaz lava\u015fa yufkas\u0131, beyaz g\u00fcl-pembe gibi \u00e7ak\u0131l ekme\u011fi, kahik halka \u00e7\u00f6re\u011fi, katmer \u015feref \u00e7\u00f6re\u011fi, m\u00e2h\u00eecesi, baklavas\u0131, keklik b\u00f6re\u011fi, \u0131\u015fk\u0131n\u0131, mastaba \u00e7orbas\u0131, cac\u0131hl\u0131 ve k\u0131j\u0131l\u0131 peyniri, kayma\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6me\u00e7 bal\u0131, keklik kebab\u0131, keva\u015fal\u0131 keklik yahnisi ve keklik pil\u00e2v\u0131 me\u015fhur yemeklerdir… Ama genellikle yemekleri k\u00fck\u00fc pil\u00e2v, muza’fer pil\u00e2v, \u00e7il\u00e2v pil\u00e2v, d\u00fbzdeh b\u00fcryan pil\u00e2v, d\u00fbd pil\u00e2v, \u015file pil\u00e2v, rumm\u00e2n pil\u00e2v, \u00fbd pil\u00e2v, amber pil\u00e2v, \u00e2b\u015f\u00fcle pil\u00e2v, k\u00f6fte pil\u00e2v, f\u0131st\u0131k pil\u00e2v, k\u0131rma badem pil\u00e2v, ki\u015fmi\u015f pil\u00e2v; mastaba \u00e7orba ve k\u0131ji \u00e7orba ve laki\u015fe \u00e7orba, nice bunun benzeri \u00e7orbalar\u0131 var; ama keklik pil\u00e2vlar\u0131na, nar pil\u00e2vlar\u0131na ve \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit taze ve iyi pi\u015fmi\u015f kebaplar\u0131na a\u015fk olsun.<\/p>\n

S\u0130LAHLAR VE TE\u00c7H\u0130ZATLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sava\u015flar\u0131n ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yo\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrt diyar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan silahlarla ilgili bilgiler de veren Evliya \u00c7elebi, ok, yay, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, han\u00e7er gibi klasik silahlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda barutlu silahlar\u0131n da yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bile silahla gezdi\u011fini belirten Evliya \u00c7elebi, “H\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrt \u00e2limleri ve m\u00fcft\u00fcleri de elbette han\u00e7er ile gezerler” diye anlat\u0131r. Sincar (\u015eengal)’deki \u00cazidi K\u00fcrtlerin silah kullanmada mahir olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirten Evliya \u00c7elebi, \u015funlar\u0131 yazar seyahatnamesinde “\u2026Silahlar\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, han\u00e7er, t\u00fcfenk ve c\u00e2bd\u0131r. C\u00e2b, Ayntab gedeleci gibi ok ve yay konur ve kemerine ba\u011flan\u0131r bir silaht\u0131r, buna c\u00e2b derler. Ama kur\u015fun atmada o kadar h\u00fcnerlilerdir ki pireyi kur\u015fun ile vururlar, t\u00fcfenklerini g\u00f6rsen bir bak\u0131r mang\u0131ra almazs\u0131n maliyetli de\u011fildir, ama \u00e7ok iyi ni\u015fan urur.”<\/p>\n

D\u0130YARBAKIR ULUCAM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seyahatnamede Diyarbak\u0131r camiler hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler veren Evliya \u00c7elebi, camilerin fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra manev\u00ee dokular\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da tasvirler yapar. \u00c7elebi, Diyarbak\u0131r’daki Ulu Cami hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: “H\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6yle ruhaniyet var ki bir insan iki rek\u00e2t namaz k\u0131lsa kabul oldu\u011funa insan\u0131n kalbi tan\u0131kl\u0131k eder. Sanki Haleb’in Ulu Camii, \u015eam’\u0131n \u00dcmeyye Camii, Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn Mescid-i Aks\u00e2s\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Cami-i Ezher’i ve \u0130stanbul’un B\u00fcy\u00fck Ayasofyas\u0131 gibi dualar\u0131n kabul olundu\u011fu bir Diyarbekir camiidir. Kiliseden d\u00f6nderildi\u011fine yap\u0131 eserlerinde nice bin adetlik tan\u0131k vard\u0131r. Zira minaresi d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fedir. Eski kilise iken \u00e7anl\u0131k imi\u015f. Mihrab\u0131 ve minberi eski tarzd\u0131r.”<\/p>\n

EVL\u0130YA \u00c7ELEB\u0130’YE G\u00d6RE K\u00dcRT D\u0130L\u0130N\u0130N ORTAYA \u00c7IKI\u015eI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evliya \u00c7elebi K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’nin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Nuh Tufan\u0131\u201fndan sonras\u0131na kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir. Nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda eserinde s\u0131k s\u0131k yer verdi\u011fi Ermeni Tarih\u00e7i M\u0131kd\u0131si’den al\u0131nt\u0131 yaparak seyahatnamesinde \u015funlar\u0131 yazar, \u201c\u2026Nuh Tufan\u0131\u201fndan sonra imar olan Cudi \u015fehridir, sonra Sincar Kalesi’dir, bundan sonra da Mef\u00e2rikin Kalesi’dir. Cudi \u015fehri sahibi Hazret-i Nuh \u00fcmmetinden Melik K\u00fcrdim alt\u0131 y\u00fcz sene ya\u015fay\u0131p K\u00fcrt diyarlar\u0131n\u0131 gezip dola\u015farak bu yere yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Burada \u00e7olu\u011fu \u00e7ocu\u011fu gayet \u00e7ok olup Ibri dilinden kendine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ba\u015fka bir dil peyda etti ki ne Ibr\u00ee\u201fdir, ne Arap\u00e7a, ne Fars\u00e7a, ne Der\u00ee dilidir ve Pehlev\u00ee dilidir, ona h\u00e2l\u00e2 K\u00fcrdim dili derler. Bu Meyyaf\u00e2rikin diyar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131lan K\u00fcrt dili Hazret-i Nuh \u00fcmmetinden Melik K\u00fcrdim’den kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

AHMET S\u00dcNB\u00dcL<\/strong>\/YEN\u0130G\u00dcN HABER\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funun \u00fcnl\u00fc seyyahlar\u0131ndan Evliya \u00c7elebi, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika’n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyay\u0131 da ziyaret ederek bu b\u00f6lgede uzun y\u0131llar kald\u0131. Evliya \u00c7elebi, “Diyar-\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan” olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede, Diyarbak\u0131r, Bitlis, Van, Malatya, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Urfa, Mardin, Erbil, \u015eengal, Amediye ve Hakkari gibi \u015fehirlerde Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrtlerin sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015fam\u0131na dair …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":24231,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084],"tags":[5339,5597,2074,573,4329,5340,6185,1616,6877,6876,5800,5580,140,559],"class_list":["post-24230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","tag-arapca","tag-araplar","tag-cezire","tag-diyarbakir","tag-evliya-celebi","tag-farsca","tag-hz-nuh","tag-manset","tag-melik-kurdim","tag-meyyaferkin","tag-turk-dili","tag-turkler","tag-zaza","tag-zazaca"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24230"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24232,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24230\/revisions\/24232"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}