{"id":23914,"date":"2025-01-24T10:35:26","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T07:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23914"},"modified":"2025-01-24T10:41:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T07:41:35","slug":"kurecikli-mamko-memed-ali-direnisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23914","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcrecikli Mamko Memed Ali Direni\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

” Y\u00fczy\u0131llarca, K\u00fcrd-K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde, di\u011fer K\u00fcrd b\u00f6lgelerinde, nice Mamko Mamad Aliler direndi, nice ac\u0131lar, dramlar ya\u015fand\u0131; h\u00e2len ya\u015fanmaya devam ediyor. Mamko Mamad Ali ve direni\u015fi, y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir dillerden d\u00fc\u015fmezken Osmanl\u0131 sonras\u0131, \u00e7ok uluslu bir co\u011frafyada olu\u015fturulan tek ulusa dayal\u0131 devlette sava\u015f bir ba\u015fka \u015fekilde devam ediyor. ”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok uluslu Osmanl\u0131da 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte i\u00e7 isyanlar da ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Malatya b\u00f6lgesindeki\u00a0Atmal\u0131, \u015e\u00f6tikli, K\u00fcrene, Sinemilli, \u0130zol ve\u00a0<\/em>di\u011fer baz\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f (Alevi) K\u00fcrd a\u015firetleri ile Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck huzursuzluklar vard\u0131. 1833-1840 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Harput Valisi\u00a0Mehmet Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa<\/em>, Ak\u00e7ada\u011f ve K\u00fcrecik b\u00f6lgesindeki K\u00fcrdlere egemen olmak i\u00e7in, b\u00f6lgeye b\u00fcy\u00fck bir askeri kuvvet y\u0131\u011fd\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u00a0\u0130zol\u00a0<\/em>a\u015firetiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar meydana geldi. Osmanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede korku salarken K\u00fcrdlerin direni\u015fleri bitmedi.<\/p>\n

849 y\u0131l\u0131nda,\u00a0Ak\u00e7ada\u011f (Argah)<\/em>\u00a0Alevi K\u00fcrdleri yine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ayaklanma i\u00e7ine girdiler.\u00a0Ermeni yazar\u00a0Garabad Toursarkisian<\/em>, 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eserde bu ayaklanmadan \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6z ediyor: \u201c1849 y\u0131l\u0131na do\u011fru Ak\u00e7ada\u011f (Argah) K\u00fcrdleri, \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgeleri i\u015fgal etmeye, yak\u0131p\/y\u0131k\u0131p talan etmeye ve Sivas b\u00f6lgesini tehdit etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar… Ba\u015fvezir \u0130stanbul\u2019dan 50 bin ki\u015filik b\u00fcy\u00fck ordu ile b\u00f6lgeye geldi… K\u00fcrdler da\u011flara \u00e7ekilerek ve bo\u011fazlar\u0131 tutarak Osmanl\u0131 Ordusunu geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fcler… K\u00fcrd isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131ndan gelmek i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmet mecburen Zeytun Ermenilerinden yard\u0131m istedi. Zeytunlular, \u00f6neriyi, askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna kat\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, kendi prensleri komutas\u0131nda bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla kabul ettiler<\/em>.\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Fazla bilinmeyen bu isyan, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcney ve orta b\u00f6lgelerde K\u00fcrd Beyliklerini da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131, K\u00fcrd direni\u015flerini k\u0131rmak istedi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, daha Bat\u0131\u2019daki Alevi K\u00fcrdler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi, olaya Ermenilerin de kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7tir.\u00a0Ermenilerden de yard\u0131m alan Haf\u0131z Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu b\u00f6lgede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliam yapt\u0131 ve d\u00f6rt bin K\u00fcrd k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etti. Bu konu, yak\u0131n zamana kadar, b\u00f6lgedeki ya\u015fl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcyle dile getirilmekteydi.\u00a0\u00a0Dersim b\u00f6lgesinde, genellikle Zazaca\u00a0konu\u015fan\u00a0Alevi K\u00fcrdlerin ba\u015fkald\u0131ralar\u0131 \u00e7ok bilinirken Malatya, Elbistan, K\u00fcrecik, Ak\u00e7ada\u011f b\u00f6lgelerinde K\u00fcrmanci konu\u015fan Alevi K\u00fcrdlerin Osmanl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131ralar\u0131 az bilinir.<\/p>\n

Bitmek t\u00fckenmek bilmeyen sava\u015flar halk\u0131 peri\u015fan ederken 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir sakinlik s\u00fcreci ya\u015fand\u0131. Sonra t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda, yine Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kafkas Cephesi\u2019nde kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. \u0130ttihat-Terakki y\u00f6netimindeki Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, 1914 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131nda\u00a0Seferberlik<\/em>\u00a0ilan etti ve padi\u015fah Sultan Re\u015fad,\u00a0Cihat<\/em>\u00a0\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131. 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fct\u00fcn erkekler silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.\u00a0H\u00fck\u00fbmet\u2019in devaml\u0131 gen\u00e7leri silahalt\u0131na almas\u0131 \u00fczerine ortada erkek kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0\u00d6zellikle, Dersim-Malatya b\u00f6lgesindeki Alevi K\u00fcrdler, askere gitmek, Osmanl\u0131 cephesinde sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmak istemiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

1915 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f bozgunu sonras\u0131nda, Ak\u00e7ada\u011f il\u00e7esi K\u00fcrecik nahiyesinde, babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta a\u015firetinin liderli\u011fine gelen\u00a0Memed Ali<\/em>\u00a0ve a\u015fireti de sava\u015ftan dolay\u0131 istenen vergileri vermek ve sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmak istemiyenlerdendi.\u00a0Alxastlar\u0131n<\/em>\u00a0varl\u0131kl\u0131 ocaklar\u0131ndan biri olan Kas\u0131mo\u011flu Oca\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 24 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki gen\u00e7 lideri Memed Ali\u2019nin bu s\u0131radaki direni\u015fi d\u00f6nemin ilgin\u00e7 olaylar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n

12 Mart 1331 (25 Mart 1915) tarihinde D\u00e2hiliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Talat ad\u0131na Emniyet Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden (EUM), Mamurat\u00fclaziz (Harput) Valili\u011fine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f h\u00e2li verilen \u015fifreli bir telgraf g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n

\u201cDarende ile s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f olan Malatya Ak\u00e7ada\u011f kazas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 K\u00fcrecik nahiyesindeki Alevi K\u00fcrdlerle civardan oraya giden bir tak\u0131m Ermeni askerlerinin bir \u00e7ete te\u015fkil ettikleri ve Sivas Vilayetince takip ve derdest edildiklerinden ve K\u00fcrdlerin bu y\u00fczden da\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131, Malatya memurlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kanund\u0131\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve haklar\u0131nda adaletli davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u2019e itaat ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa haz\u0131r e\u015fk\u0131ya reisi Mehmed Ali ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ifade k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n istihbar al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u00a0\u00a0Sivas Vilayeti\u2019nden bildirilmi\u015ftir. Acilen gerekli incelemenin yap\u0131larak tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131\u2026\u00a0\u00a0Naz\u0131r Ad\u0131na<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Telgrafta g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, Memed Ali \u00f6nderli\u011findeki K\u00fcrd grubun sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmak istememesi, Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fbmetince, Ermenilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmama karar\u0131 alan Memed Ali ve a\u015firetinin fazla bir g\u00fcc\u00fc ve silah\u0131 yoktu. Baz\u0131 i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i a\u015firetlerin de te\u015fvikiyle Ak\u00e7ada\u011f\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 birli\u011fi, Memed Ali ve a\u015firetine sald\u0131rd\u0131. Baz\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc ve yan\u0131ndaki arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte da\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmak zorunda kald\u0131. Bir s\u00fcre, kendisi gibi\u00a0Alxast (Alhas)<\/em>\u00a0a\u015firetinden ve S\u00fcll\u00fczadeler (Kocolar) ailesinden olan day\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda kald\u0131. E\u015fi\u00a0Huriye (H\u00fcr\u00fc)<\/em>\u00a0de bu ailedendi. Belirtildi\u011fine g\u00f6re H\u00fcr\u00fc, Memed Ali\u2019yi isyana te\u015fvik edenlerdendi ve Memed Ali\u2019ye \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cSen ki Kas\u0131mo\u011flu olacaks\u0131n, K\u00fcrd ve K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f olacaks\u0131n; Osmanl\u0131ya asker olmak, vergi vermek yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r m\u0131 sana<\/em>?\u201d<\/p>\n

Day\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fbmetten idam edilmeyece\u011fine dair s\u00f6z almalar\u0131 \u00fczerine, Memed Ali teslim oldu. Ama \u201cBext\u00ea Rom\u00ea re\u015fe\u201d\u00a0[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0s\u00f6yleminde oldu\u011fu gibi, Osmanl\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcnde durmad\u0131, isyan ve Ermenilere yard\u0131m su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla, baz\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131,\u00a0Hussuk\u00ea Ku\u015f\u00ea, Kalloy\u00ea Canik\u00ea<\/em>\u00a0ile Harput\u2019ta as\u0131ld\u0131. Baz\u0131 kaynaklar, Kalloy\u00ea Canik\u00ea\u2019n\u0131n e\u015fi Alt\u00ea\u2019nin de bu s\u0131rada idam edildi\u011fini ve bu idam\u0131n, ayn\u0131 zamanda Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n ilk kad\u0131n idam\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtseler de kaynaklar bunu do\u011frulam\u0131yor.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Memed Ali, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla\u00a0Mamko Mamad Ali<\/em>\u2019nin Harput\u2019ta as\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra K\u00fcrecik y\u00f6resinde, a\u011f\u0131tlar, destanlar dilden dile dola\u015ft\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e-K\u00fcrd\u00e7e a\u011f\u0131t, birka\u00e7 versiyonuyla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015f ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da sanat\u00e7\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dillendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015eu Nurhak\u2019\u0131n da\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcce<\/em><\/p>\n

Ben a\u011flar\u0131m g\u00fcnd\u00fcz gece<\/em><\/p>\n

Cenazemi kald\u0131rmay\u0131n<\/em><\/p>\n

A\u015firetim gelmeyince.
\nMamko, Mamko, Mamadali
\nHewal rindo \u00e7i delal\u00ee (\u0130yi arkada\u015f ne g\u00fczelsin)
\nCiran ji derdan dinalin (Kom\u015fular derdinden inliyorlar)
\nGenco t\u00fb b\u00eest \u00fb \u00e7ar sal\u00ee (Gen\u00e7, yirmi d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131ndas\u0131n).<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ata biner at yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r<\/em><\/p>\n

Yola gider yol yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r<\/em><\/p>\n

Memed Ali\u2019yi sorarsan<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00fcfrezelerle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0(\u2026 nakarat)
\nO da\u011f\u0131nda bu da\u011f\u0131nda<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 kuca\u011f\u0131nda<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Harput\u2019ta bir gen\u00e7 asm\u0131\u015flar<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Kas\u0131mo\u011flu Oca\u011f\u0131ndan\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(\u2026 nakarat)<\/em><\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131llarca, K\u00fcrd-K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde, di\u011fer K\u00fcrd b\u00f6lgelerinde, nice Mamko Mamad Aliler direndi, nice ac\u0131lar, dramlar ya\u015fand\u0131; h\u00e2len ya\u015fanmaya devam ediyor.\u00a0Mamko Mamad Ali<\/em>\u00a0ve direni\u015fi, y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir dillerden d\u00fc\u015fmezken Osmanl\u0131 sonras\u0131, \u00e7ok uluslu bir co\u011frafyada olu\u015fturulan tek ulusa dayal\u0131 devlette sava\u015f bir ba\u015fka \u015fekilde devam ediyor<\/strong><\/b>.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015flar\u0131 bitti ama ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z toplumda, sava\u015f, ad de\u011fi\u015ftirerek devam ediyor. Sistem, sava\u015f (\u015fiddet) olmadan kendini var edemiyor. Ad\u0131na \u201ccumhuriyet\u201d de eklenen sistem, demokratik bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedi, insanlara huzur ve mutluluk getirmedi. Kutsallar \u00fczerinden geli\u015ftirilen tek\u00e7i-\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f, \u015fiddet ve gerginlik toplumu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. S\u00fcrekli d\u00fc\u015fman \u00fcreten yap\u0131, sava\u015flar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan fazla tahribat yapt\u0131\/yap\u0131yor\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Celal Temel-Nerina azad<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Garabad Toursarkisian,\u00a0Ze\u00eftoun, Depuis Les Origines Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019insurrection<\/em>, Paris, 1897 s. 103 (Aktaran; Aso Zagrosi, 11.11. 2016, Zagrosname)<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0BAO DH \u015eFR 51\/130, 12 Mart 1331 (25 Mart 1915)<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0K\u00fcrdler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olan\u00a0bu s\u00f6z, \u201cRom\u2019un bahtl\u0131 karad\u0131r<\/em>\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r ve Rom\u2019dan kastedilen Bat\u0131\u2019dakiler ve \u00f6zellikle Osmanl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0130smail G\u00fcner, Da\u011f\u0131n \u00d6teki Y\u00fcz\u00fc Nurhak, Ozan Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2012<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

” Y\u00fczy\u0131llarca, K\u00fcrd-K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde, di\u011fer K\u00fcrd b\u00f6lgelerinde, nice Mamko Mamad Aliler direndi, nice ac\u0131lar, dramlar ya\u015fand\u0131; h\u00e2len ya\u015fanmaya devam ediyor. Mamko Mamad Ali ve direni\u015fi, y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir dillerden d\u00fc\u015fmezken Osmanl\u0131 sonras\u0131, \u00e7ok uluslu bir co\u011frafyada olu\u015fturulan tek ulusa dayal\u0131 devlette sava\u015f bir ba\u015fka \u015fekilde devam ediyor. ” \u00c7ok uluslu Osmanl\u0131da 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Osmanl\u0131-Rus …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23915,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084],"tags":[5572,6764,1616],"class_list":["post-23914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","tag-celal-temel","tag-mamko-mamad-ali","tag-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23914"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23916,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23914\/revisions\/23916"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}