{"id":23898,"date":"2025-01-13T16:35:51","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T13:35:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23898"},"modified":"2025-01-13T16:35:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T13:35:51","slug":"tunceli-dersim-agitlarinda-kolektif-hafiza-acisindan-yergi-ve-ironinin-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23898","title":{"rendered":"Tunceli (Dersim) A\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda Kolektif Haf\u0131za A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Yergi ve \u0130roninin \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131t, kurmaca y\u00f6n\u00fc az ve ger\u00e7ekleri anlatan bir t\u00fcr oldu\u011fundan toplumun kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00d6zellikle yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, tarihi olaylar\u0131 konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlar, ayn\u0131 zamanda birer s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih anlat\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Edebi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin tamamen s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenek i\u00e7inde yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tunceli (Dersim) y\u00f6resinde, b\u00f6lgenin tarihi ve sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanan olaylar\u0131 konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlar, b\u00f6lgenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda ilk elden ba\u015fvuru kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 var eden \u015fairler, I. D\u00fcnya-Rus Harbi, a\u015firet kavgalar\u0131, 1937-38 Dersim olaylar\u0131 gibi b\u00f6lgenin tarihinin d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan olaylar\u0131 aktaran toplumun kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n bellek aktar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat\u0131n geli\u015fmedi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde, a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n ger\u00e7eklik y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00f6n planda tutularak s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 olmalar\u0131na \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f; a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n edebi bir t\u00fcr oldu\u011fu genellikle g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden b\u00f6lge a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan kaynaklarda, derlenen a\u011f\u0131tlar edebi a\u00e7\u0131dan analiz edilmemi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada; a\u011f\u0131t\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bellek aktar\u0131m\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemine, b\u00f6lge a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara, b\u00f6lge a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n konu \u00e7e\u015fitli\u011fine ve nedenlerine vurgu yap\u0131larak derlenen a\u011f\u0131tlarda yer alan yergi ve ironi \u00f6rnekleri nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131larak analiz edilmi\u015ftir. A\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n, toplum ve tarihle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f, s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenekte ya\u015fayan ve s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6nteminin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, g\u00f6zlem ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 dok\u00fcman analizi tekniklerinden yararlan\u0131larak derlenen a\u011f\u0131tlar incelenmi\u015ftir. Dersim a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131, sadece toplumsal ve tarihsel olaylar\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda sanatsal a\u00e7\u0131dan da olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc dil ve anlat\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerine sahip oldu\u011fundan edebi a\u00e7\u0131dan analiz edilmeyi hak etmektedir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden hareketle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada; y\u00f6re insan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc anlat\u0131rken dahi s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc sak\u0131nmayan, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olursa olsun, yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 ele\u015ftirmekten \u00e7ekinmeyen tutumunun bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olan yergi ve ironi \u00f6rneklerini, a\u011f\u0131tlarda nas\u0131l kulland\u0131klar\u0131 analiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Anadolu&#8217;nun kadim yerle\u015fim yerlerinden biri olan Tunceli (Dersim), co\u011frafi konumu ve sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gerek jeopolitik konumu gerekse demografik yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle tarih boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ve m\u00fccadelelerin oda\u011f\u0131nda yer alan bu kadim \u015fehir, kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn kimli\u011fini koruma m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7inde var olma sava\u015f\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgenin da\u011fl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 ve merkezi otoritelerden uzak konumu, bir yandan yerel dinamiklerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine zemin haz\u0131rlarken, di\u011fer yandan da s\u00fcrekli bir savunma refleksi geli\u015ftirmesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6lgenin yak\u0131n tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Rus i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadele, b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve 1937-38 Dersim olaylar\u0131 gibi toplumsal haf\u0131zada derin izler b\u0131rakan olaylar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te b\u00f6lge halk\u0131, kendi \u00f6z de\u011ferlerini ve kimli\u011fini koruma m\u00fccadelesi verirken, ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dokusunu da ya\u015fatma gayreti i\u00e7inde olmu\u015ftur. D\u00fczg\u00fcn, b\u00f6lge tarihi hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 ifade etmektedir:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Dersim s\u0131k s\u0131k sald\u0131r\u0131lara u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir y\u00f6re. Kendi yurdu i\u00e7in can\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f, kan d\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f Dersim&#8217;li. Se\u00e7kin gen\u00e7ler d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bu kavgada. Her defas\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131ma, yoksullu\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015f \u00fclke. \u00d6len bu yi\u011fitler i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131tlar yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, intikamlar\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f\u201d <\/em>(D\u00fczg\u00fcn, 1992: 47).<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6lgede s\u00fcregelen a\u015firetler aras\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, toplumsal dokuda derin yaralar a\u00e7maya devam ederken 1937-38 Dersim olaylar\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin tarihinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar ya\u015fatm\u0131\u015f; ate\u015f d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeri de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeyi yakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gerek I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131-Rus Harbi gerek a\u015firet i\u00e7i, a\u015firetler aras\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar ve 1937-38 Dersim olaylar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan kay\u0131plar, b\u00f6lgenin sadece y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil k\u00f6kl\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fini, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda tahrip etmi\u015ftir<em>.<\/em> Cengiz, bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kopu\u015fun onar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu ifadelerle dile getirmi\u015ftir: <em>\u00a0\u201c1938, Dersim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve kimli\u011finin s\u00fcreklili\u011finde bir k\u0131r\u0131lma ve kopma noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcre yans\u0131mas\u0131 daha a\u011f\u0131r ve telafisi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacak boyutta olmu\u015ftur<\/em>.\u201d (Cengiz, 2010: 33). B\u00f6lgenin tarihinin d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden t\u00fcm bu olaylar, sadece tarif edilemez ac\u0131lara yol a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu ac\u0131lar\u0131 dillendirecek, s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenek i\u00e7inde ya\u015fatacak icrac\u0131lar\u0131 ve icra alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tarihsel varolu\u015fu zorlu sanc\u0131lara, y\u0131k\u0131mlara, sava\u015flara, k\u0131y\u0131mlara dayanan toplumlarda ac\u0131; bireysel bir duygu ifadesi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p kolektif bir iradenin yans\u0131mas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Tunceli (Dersim) co\u011frafyas\u0131 gibi sosyoekonomik yap\u0131n\u0131n ve jeopolitik konumun, toplumu zorlu m\u00fccadelelerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ya\u015fam d\u00fczeninde, s\u00fcregelen sava\u015flar, a\u015firet kavgalar\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, do\u011fal afetler ac\u0131y\u0131 s\u00fcrekli var etmi\u015f ve bu ac\u0131lar\u0131 dile getirmenin en etkili arac\u0131 olarak da a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bak\u015fi, y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cDersim a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131, Dersim K\u0131rmanclar\u0131n\u0131n dertleri ve ac\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu zorluklar\u0131n\u0131, dert ve yaralar\u0131n\u0131, a\u011f\u0131tlar vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile dile getirerek anlatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Eski d\u00f6nem Dersim\u2019de yi\u011fit birinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, a\u015firet reisi veya a\u015firet a\u011falar\u0131ndan birinin vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine a\u011f\u0131t yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya ba\u015f\u0131na bir felaket gelmi\u015f ise; sel g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, \u00e7\u0131\u011f g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, bir kaza sonucu bir yerden d\u00fc\u015ferek \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, bir hastal\u0131k sonucu \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ise onlar i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131tlar yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.\u201d <\/em>(Bak\u015fi, 2019: 134-135).<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6lge a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131, bu anlamda sadece ki\u015fisel bir ac\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015favurumu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlar\u0131n aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih anlat\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih aktar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan a\u011f\u0131tlarda yer alan bilgilerin g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi ve ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi kimi zaman tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olsa da yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihle belgelenmeyen olaylar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p incelenmesinde, ya\u015fananlar\u0131 ilk elden ve dolays\u0131z aktarmalar\u0131 nedeniyle a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. A\u011f\u0131t, toplumun tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve vicdan\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hakikatleri oldu\u011fundan farkl\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. A\u011f\u0131tlara konu olan olaylar ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011fundan, aksi bir durumu toplumun vicdan\u0131 kabul etmez. Konu ile ilgili Kahraman, \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ifade etmektedir:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cToplum \u015fahitli\u011finin ve vicdan\u0131n\u0131n denetimi, a\u011f\u0131t\u0131 bir hakikat ilan\u0131 olmaya mecbur eder. A\u011f\u0131tlar yalan s\u00f6ylemez, ger\u00e7e\u011fi \u00e7arp\u0131tamaz, abartamaz, eksiltemez, olmam\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015f ya da olmu\u015fu olmam\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6steremez. B\u00f6ylesi \u00f6rnekleri, toplum \u015fahitli\u011fi ve haf\u0131zas\u0131 zaten onaylamaz, muhafaza etmez, aktarmaz. \u00d6yle ki, toplum hayat\u0131nda unutulmamas\u0131 gereken her \u015feyin kayd\u0131n\u0131 tutan a\u011f\u0131t, ancak toplum \u015fahitli\u011fi ve vicdan\u0131n\u0131n denetiminden ge\u00e7mi\u015f bilgiyi dile getirdi\u011fi oranda kabul g\u00f6recektir<\/em>\u201d (Kahraman, 2019: 152).<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131tlar, i\u00e7erdikleri otantik ve sosyolojik veriler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin analizi i\u00e7in birincil kaynak niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131makta olup, bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedeniyle akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla ba\u015fvurulan referans metinler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden a\u011f\u0131tlarda anlat\u0131lan olaylar; bir toplumun tarihini, sosyolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 irdelemek i\u00e7in ilk elden kaynaklar olarak \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumlarda a\u011f\u0131t gibi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi konu alan s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131lar, yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihin yerini tutmasa da yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda \u00f6n bilgiler i\u00e7eren, \u00f6nemli veri kaynaklar\u0131 konumundad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi toplumlarda bellek aktar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 veriler, yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n a\u015famas\u0131 olarak \u00f6nemli bir toplumsal i\u015flevi yerine getirmektedir (Assmann, 2001: 61-62). Assmann\u2019\u0131n da ifade etti\u011fi gibi b\u00f6lge a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n icrac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel belle\u011fin aktar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rebiliriz. B\u00f6lge a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan Ta\u015f, konuyla ilgili \u015fu tespitlerde bulunmaktad\u0131r: \u201c<em>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 gelene\u011fi bulunmayan bu halklar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenek \u00fczerinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih aktar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrleri ise \u015fairlerdir.\u201d <\/em>(Ta\u015f, 2016: 23). \u00a0B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fanan ve b\u00f6lgenin kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131nda yer edinen I. D\u00fcnya-Rus Harbi, a\u015firet kavgalar\u0131 ve 1937-38 Dersim olaylar\u0131na dair yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihte yer almayan bilgilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131tlar \u00fczerinden <em>\u201cbellek aktar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131\u201d <\/em>\u015fairler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6lgenin toplumsal ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131nda derin izler b\u0131rakan, I. D\u00fcnya Harbi\u2019nde (1917) Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan Do\u011fu Cephesi\u2019nde, zorlu \u015fartlarda sava\u015fan yerel milis g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin direni\u015fini ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc konu alan \u201cSeferberlik A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, Sevdin A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, Pardi A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, Rus Harbi A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, Guli Bey A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u201d,<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> a\u015firet ve arazi anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirenleri konu alan \u201cDa\u011fbek A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, A\u015fkirek A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, S\u00fcleyman\u00ea Sur A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, Zegeriye A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, Mire A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, Wu\u015fen\u00ea Moz\u0131k A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>, 1937-38 olaylar\u0131n\u0131 konu alan \u201c\u00c7uxur A\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, \u015eahan A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, X\u0131d\u00ea Ale \u0130sme\u2019nin A\u011f\u0131t\u0131, La\u00e7 Dersi A\u011ft\u0131\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> gibi y\u00f6rede bilinen ve yayg\u0131n olarak dinlenen s\u00f6z konusu a\u011f\u0131tlar, i\u00e7erdikleri bilgiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgenin sosyolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve tarihini a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulacak \u00f6n kaynaklar niteli\u011findedir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel bellek aktar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n dillendirdi\u011fi bu a\u011f\u0131tlar, ac\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir edebi \u00fcr\u00fcnden daha fazlas\u0131 olup b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli tarihi olaylar\u0131n\u0131 kimi zaman bireysel kimi zaman toplumsal kay\u0131plar \u00fczerinden anlatan, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlar\u0131n aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih anlat\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n en fazla s\u00f6ylenen edebi t\u00fcr olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, a\u011f\u0131tlarla ilgili s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da kaynak oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. A\u011f\u0131t t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok fazla say\u0131da icra edilmesine oranla, b\u00f6lge a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 ele alan az say\u0131da kaynak olmas\u0131; kaynaklarda yer alan a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131t s\u00f6yleme gelene\u011finin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na oranla say\u0131ca az olmas\u0131, pek \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131t\u0131n kaydedilmeden yok oldu\u011funu veya ki\u015fisel ar\u015fivlerde sakl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Yap\u0131lan literat\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda, biri dolayl\u0131 kaynak olmak \u00fczere y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 ele alan 7 kaynak tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu a\u011f\u0131tlar ile ilgili literat\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kaynaklar \u015funlard\u0131r: Mustafa D\u00fczg\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn \u201cDersim T\u00fcrk\u00fcleri-Tay\u00ea Lawike D\u00earsim (A\u011f\u0131tlar-\u015eiwari)\u201d ve Mesut \u00d6zcan\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u00d6yk\u00fcleriyle Dersim A\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 I\u201d, \u201c\u00d6yk\u00fcleriyle Dersim A\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 II\u201d isimli kitaplar\u0131, farkl\u0131 ki\u015filerden derlenmi\u015f pek \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131t\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131yla; ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ba\u015fvuru kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Yine benzer bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u201cDizeleri ile Tarihe Tan\u0131k Dersim \u015eairi Sey Qaji\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile Sey Qaji\u2019ye ait a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131p inceleyerek Daimi Cengiz\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Konuyla ilgili H\u0131d\u0131r Dulkadir\u2019in \u201cDersim S\u00f6zl\u00fc Halk Edebiyat\u0131ndan \u00d6rnekler Pepug\u00ea Des u D\u0131 Kowu\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>, Cemal Ta\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u201cK\u0131laman\u00ea K\u0131rmanciy\u00ea Ser\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>, Sait Bak\u015fi\u2019nin \u201c\u00d6yk\u00fcleriyle Dersim K\u0131lamlar\u0131 ve Dersim \u015eairi U\u015f\u00ean\u00ea Kalmemi\u201d isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, 1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren haf\u0131zalarda ya\u015fayan canl\u0131 bir an\u0131t ve toplumsal haf\u0131zan\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir aktar\u0131m arac\u0131 olan a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in derleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermi\u015f ancak derlenen a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n edebi de\u011ferini ortaya koyacak analiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu g\u00fcne dek yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u015fairler taraf\u0131ndan icra edilmi\u015f y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131, gerek ifade g\u00fcc\u00fc gerek dil i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi, s\u00f6z sanatlar\u0131 ve anlat\u0131m tekniklerinin zenginli\u011fi ile sadece derlenip kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmay\u0131 de\u011fil, edebi de\u011ferini ortaya koyacak analiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ya\u015fat\u0131lmay\u0131 hak etmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u011f\u0131tlar, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ile sadece toplumsal olaylar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol almay\u0131p sanatsal a\u00e7\u0131dan da yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcre \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sunmaktad\u0131r. Toplumun kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan a\u011f\u0131tlarda yer alan halk s\u00f6yleyi\u015fleri, deyimler, dualar, beddualar, ironiler, yergiler, \u00a0inan\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak \u015fiirselli\u011fin dili i\u00e7inde zengin bir yap\u0131ya b\u00fcr\u00fcnerek, gelecek ku\u015faklara aktar\u0131lacak \u00f6nemli dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr miraslar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Tunceli (Dersim) A\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n Konu Ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131t\u0131n konu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ve toplumsal ya\u015famdaki \u00f6nemi, a\u011f\u0131t\u0131n var oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dokusuna, co\u011frafi \u015fartlar\u0131na ve sosyoekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilmektedir. Elaltunta\u015f, a\u011f\u0131t\u0131n konu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini \u015fu ifadelerle anlatmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cA\u011f\u0131tlar, halk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan biridir. Konusu itibariyle genel olarak \u00f6l\u00fcm teminin i\u015flendi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131tlarda, \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda meydana gelen kay\u0131plar, ayr\u0131l\u0131klar, gurbet, hasret, yergi gibi konu \u00e7e\u015fitli\u011finin oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.\u201d<\/em> (Elaltunta\u015f, 2018: 317).<\/p>\n<p>Mevcut kaynaklarda \u00f6l\u00fcm temas\u0131 etraf\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda; sava\u015f, a\u015firet kavgalar\u0131, hastal\u0131k-do\u011fal afet, gurbette \u00f6lenler, askerde \u00f6lenlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 en yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u015fl\u0131klard\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z neticesinde derlenen a\u011f\u0131tlar da dikkate al\u0131narak b\u00f6lge a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 \u015fu konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sava\u015f Konulu A\u011f\u0131tlar: I. Cihan Harbi-Rus Harbi, Kore Sava\u015f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>1937-38 Olaylar\u0131n\u0131 Konu Alan A\u011f\u0131tlar<\/li>\n<li>A\u015firet i\u00e7i ve A\u015firetler Aras\u0131 Kavgay\u0131 Konu Alan A\u011f\u0131tlar<\/li>\n<li>Kaza, Hastal\u0131k, Bo\u011fulmadan Kaynakl\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcmleri Konu Alan A\u011f\u0131tlar<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7\u0131\u011f, Deprem vb. Do\u011fal Afet Kaynakl\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcmleri Konu Alan A\u011f\u0131tlar<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ntihar Sonucu Meydana Gelen \u00d6l\u00fcmleri Konu Alan A\u011f\u0131tlar<\/li>\n<li>Di\u011fer \u00d6l\u00fcmleri Konu Alan A\u011f\u0131tlar<\/li>\n<li>Bo\u015falt\u0131lan K\u00f6yleri Konu Alan A\u011f\u0131tlar<\/li>\n<li>Gurbet, Ayr\u0131l\u0131k, K\u00fcsl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Konu Alan A\u011f\u0131tlar<\/li>\n<li><strong> Tunceli (Dersim) A\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda Yergi ve \u0130roni<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Tunceli (Dersim) y\u00f6resi a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda, ironi ve yerginin \u00f6zellikle belli konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. I. D\u00fcnya Harbi-Rus Harbi\u2019ni konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlarda merkezi otoriteye y\u00f6nelik yergi s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. A\u015firet kavgalar\u0131 yergi ve ironinin yo\u011fun olarak i\u015flendi\u011fi bir di\u011fer konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. 1937-38 Dersim olaylar\u0131n\u0131 konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlarda devletin politikalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yergiler yap\u0131l\u0131rken, a\u015firetlerin kendi i\u00e7indeki \u00e7eki\u015fmeleri de yine yergi ve ironi yoluyla dile getirilmi\u015ftir. Halk\u0131n ortak duyu\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f tarz\u0131n\u0131n ifadesi olan ilk edebi \u00fcr\u00fcnler, halk\u0131n ortak \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olup bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde ele al\u0131nan konularda halk be\u011fenilerini dile getirdi\u011fi gibi yergilerini ironilerini de dile getirmi\u015ftir (Alay, 2015: 104-105). Halk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelene\u011fe dayanan \u00f6zelli\u011finden kaynakl\u0131, s\u00f6z\u00fcn yaz\u0131yla bi\u00e7imlendirilmeden do\u011fal bir s\u00f6yleyi\u015f i\u00e7inde dile getirildi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131tlarda; ya\u015fanan yi\u011fitlikler ve iyi nitelikler \u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcrken ihanetler ve olumsuz nitelikler de yergi ve ironi yoluyla k\u00f6t\u00fclenerek alaya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda, do\u011fal bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00f6z\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zorlanmadan, halka \u00f6zg\u00fc bir \u00fcslupla meydana getirilmi\u015f, anlam\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kat kat artt\u0131ran yergi ve ironi \u00f6rneklerine rastlan\u0131r. Yergi ile ironi a\u011f\u0131tlarda \u00e7o\u011fu zaman i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7erek bazen yergi \u00fczerinden ironi bazen de ironi \u00fczerinden yergi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. I. D\u00fcnya Harbi ve a\u015firet kavgalar\u0131n\u0131 konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli \u015fairi <em>Sey Qaji\u2019ye<\/em> ait olup <em>Sey Qaji,<\/em> a\u011f\u0131t yakmak i\u00e7in davet edildi\u011fi evlerde, karde\u015f kavgas\u0131n\u0131n beyhudeli\u011fini ele\u015ftirerek, gitti\u011fi evin sahibinin dahi haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 var ise a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda yergi ve ironiyle dile getirmekten \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir ( Cengiz, 2010: 212). <em>Sey Qaji\u2019nin<\/em> yergiyi en iyi ve ba\u015ftan sona kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biri <em>\u201cDa\u011fbeg<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><strong>[7]<\/strong><\/a> A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u2019d\u0131r\u201d<\/em>. Feodal yap\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lgede ya\u015famas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilerisinde bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahip olan Sey Qaji, konuyla ilgili hem a\u015firet b\u00fcy\u00fcklerine hem kavgada \u00f6lenlere hem de devlet yetkililerine a\u011f\u0131r yergiler yapmaktad\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131tta Lolan-Bolyan a\u015firetleri aras\u0131nda arazi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden s\u00fcren kavgada, gen\u00e7lerin birbirilerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmelerinin ne kadar anlams\u0131z oldu\u011fu, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen gen\u00e7lerden Memet\u2019in annesinin a\u011fz\u0131ndan \u015fu dizelerle anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cMae vana b\u0131ko ez ra merdena s\u0131ma ver n\u00eakunu<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Laz\u00ea canuku camerdu dayma m\u0131ren\u00ea,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ser seveve s\u0131ma \u00e7or c\u0131t\u00ea gayi.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><strong>[8]<\/strong><\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Anne diyor: O\u011ful \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcze yanm\u0131yorum<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Onurlu kad\u0131n ve erkeklerin o\u011fullar\u0131 daima \u00f6l\u00fcr,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sizin (\u00f6l\u00fcm) sebebiniz d\u00f6rt \u00e7ift \u00f6k\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131tta, \u00f6l\u00fcye sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyen a\u015firet b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mursa\u00ea \u0130la\u015f, y\u00f6renin cenaze geleneklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle k\u00f6yl\u00fc bir kad\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan sert bir dille ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lge geleneklerinde, d\u00fc\u015fman bile olsa, \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ki\u015fiye sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde defnetmek b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cMursa\u00ea \u0130la\u015fi meyit\u00ea laz\u00ea Gul\u00ea Boli no ro qatiri <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Werte Panc\u0131rasi ro g\u0131ra g\u0131ra ano beno.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00eanike ama tever vana Mursa A\u011fa! <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0130son \u00e7\u0131xase ke pilo xu sero Haqi nas keno.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u0131ng\u00ea xo hard der\u00ea coru asm\u00ean puf n\u00eakeno,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Memuriy\u00ea xo niano meytun\u00ea a\u015firu <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ero qatiru n\u00eanano wert\u00ea a\u015firu ra n\u00eaveno.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Mursai \u0130la\u015fi Gul\u00ea Boli\u2019n o\u011flunun naa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kat\u0131ra bindirmi\u015f<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>P\u0131ncares\u2019in<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><strong>[9]<\/strong><\/a> i\u00e7inden a\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7ekip g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Kad\u0131n\u0131n biri d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak diyor: Mursa A\u011fa!<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0130nsan ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olsa da kendinden b\u00fcy\u00fck Allah var.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ayaklar\u0131 yerdedir asla g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00fcfleyemez,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Kibirlenip b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck taslayarak a\u015firetlerin cesedini<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Kat\u0131rla getirip (di\u011fer) a\u015firetlerin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7irmez.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla vurgulanan temel motiflerden biri, be\u015feri g\u00fc\u00e7 ve otoritenin ilahi kudret kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki konumudur. Toplumsal hiyerar\u015fide \u00fcst konumda bulunan bey ve mirlerin sahip olduklar\u0131 d\u00fcnyevi g\u00fc\u00e7 ve stat\u00fc ne olursa olsun, nihayetinde ilahi d\u00fczen i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131radan bir kul olduklar\u0131 vurgusu yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131tlarda kullan\u0131lan bu motif, ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal ele\u015ftiri arac\u0131 olarak da i\u015flev g\u00f6rmekte, yerel otoritelerin veya devlet yetkililerinin adaletsiz uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 halk vicdan\u0131n\u0131n bir tepkisi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle adaletsiz uygulamalara maruz kalan halk\u0131n, ilahi adalete, y\u00f6redeki kutsal mek\u00e2n ve ziyaretlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak manevi bir teselli bulma \u00e7abas\u0131, a\u011f\u0131tlarda s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlanan bir temad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu a\u011f\u0131tta, kad\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yergi hakl\u0131 ve yerinde bulunur ki s\u00f6zl\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131n aktar\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re <em>Mursa\u00ea \u0130la\u015fi,<\/em> kad\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftirisinden sonra d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131n naa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 P\u0131ncares k\u00f6y\u00fcnde harmana b\u0131rakarak yoluna devam etmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cDa\u011fbek b\u0131veso wey b\u0131ko, Memede m\u0131 c\u0131gera m\u0131 dara teke.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Uwe g\u0131na deru de biya sele biya serte.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Com\u00eard ad\u0131r\u00ea xo bijero b\u00earo P\u0131lemoriye de <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Berzo \u00e7\u00ea sevev\u00ea na dewa \u00e7\u00ea qaymeqam\u00ea dewlete.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Da\u011fbeg yans\u0131n ah o\u011ful, Memed\u2019im yavrum, tek a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Derelere su dolmu\u015f, sel olup co\u015fmu\u015f.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Allah ate\u015fini als\u0131n g\u00f6t\u00fcrs\u00fcn P\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcr\u2019de<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Bu davan\u0131n sebebi olan devletin kaymakam\u0131n\u0131n evine ats\u0131n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131t\u0131n yukar\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, \u015fair sadece a\u015firet b\u00fcy\u00fcklerini, a\u015firetler aras\u0131ndaki kan davalar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlular\u0131n\u0131 yermekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6revini ihmal ederek bu duruma seyirci kalan ve meseleyi \u00e7\u00f6zmeyen kaymakam\u0131 da ya\u015fanan \u00f6l\u00fcmlerden sorumlu tutarak yermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>A\u015firet kavgalar\u0131n\u0131 konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla yerilen konulardan biri de yi\u011fit, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip g\u00fc\u00e7 yetirilemeyen ki\u015filerin hainlikle, tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeleridir. K\u0131rmancca\/Zazacada <em>\u201cbebaxtiye\u201d<\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan hainli\u011fin, y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla yerildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yergi ve ironinin bir arada etkili kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu a\u011f\u0131tlardan biri <em>Sey Qaji\u2019nin<\/em> \u00a0<em>\u201cWus\u00ea Moz\u0131k A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> Alan a\u015firetine mensup olan <em>Wus\u00ea Moz\u0131k,<\/em> aralar\u0131nda kan davas\u0131 olan Demenan a\u015firetinin kendi a\u015firetiyle anla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu ihanetle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u015eair a\u011f\u0131tta <em>Wus\u00ea Moz\u0131k\u2019\u0131n<\/em> a\u011fz\u0131ndan, Alan a\u015firetinin erkekleri i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131r yergiler yaparak onlar\u0131n kendisinden sonra kavgada bir i\u015fe yaramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu g\u00fcne dek kendi s\u0131rt\u0131ndan b\u00f6b\u00fcrlendiklerini, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile ancak d\u00fc\u015fman a\u015firetin a\u011fas\u0131 <em>C\u0131v\u00ea Kej\u2019e<\/em> g\u00fcbre sepetleri ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fini ironik bir \u015fekilde ifade etmektedir:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u201cKortasure b\u0131veso onder pul u tuli.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Asurme fisegu kalik\u00ea ma b\u0131rn\u00ea kerd\u00ea quli.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>We\u015fiya xuo de, m\u0131 kerdi s\u0131ma zar\u00ea derd u kuli, <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>S\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131ra r\u0131y\u00ea m\u0131 ra honde biye g\u0131rs u pili<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Endi \u015fere C\u0131v\u00ea Keji re bere sepetun\u00ea s\u0131li.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><strong>[11]<\/strong><\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Yanas\u0131ca Kortasure<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><strong>[12]<\/strong><\/a> meret t\u00fcmsek tepedir.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Fi\u015feklerin kay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kesip yara yapt\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sa\u011fken ben de i\u00e7inizi yara dert yapt\u0131m.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Siz sayemde neden bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcklenip, b\u00f6b\u00fcrlendiniz?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Art\u0131k gidip C\u0131v\u00ea Keji\u2019n g\u00fcbre sepetlerini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Wus\u00ea Moz\u0131k A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u2019n\u0131n<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde <em>Sey Qaji, Wus\u00ea Moz\u0131k\u2019\u0131<\/em> konu\u015fturarak Alan a\u015firetinin hainli\u011fine alayc\u0131 bir dille g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131p yergi yaparken bu hainli\u011fi tertipleyen Demenan a\u015fireti a\u011fas\u0131 <em>C\u0131v\u00ea Keje,<\/em> \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra art\u0131k rahat nefes alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek keyif yapmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerip ironi yapmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cCev\u00ea Keji ra vaze endi merax mekero,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Wele ve merdiy\u00ea to ro vo, Wu\u015feni Seydi sare no ra<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u015eero oda s\u0131p\u0131y\u00ea de d\u0131 dosegun\u00ea xu p\u00easera kero, <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Endi pu re g\u0131no te de m\u0131rd hewn\u00ea xu b\u0131kero.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<strong>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>C\u0131ve Keje s\u00f6yleyin art\u0131k merak etmesin,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Toprak soyunun ba\u015f\u0131na olsun, Wu\u015fen\u00ea Seyd<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\"><strong>[13]<\/strong><\/a> \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Gidip beyaz odada iki d\u00f6\u015fe\u011fini \u00fcs\u00fcste a\u00e7s\u0131n,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00dcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcn art\u0131k rahat, tasas\u0131z uyusun.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cC\u0131ve Keji ra vaz\u00ea Wu\u015fen\u00ea Seyid sare no ra<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Murod\u00ea zar\u00ea to biyo z\u0131melune xu tado<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Endi m\u0131rd b\u0131feteliyo, qesas\u00ea Hese b\u0131rayi tu p\u00ease c\u00eariyo<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nu san san\u00ea s\u0131ma a\u015fira Demi niyo,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ao ke no m\u0131 ra mordeme m\u0131no Hemo T\u00fcyo.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>C\u0131v\u00ea Keje s\u00f6yleyin Wu\u015fen\u00ea Seyd \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Dile\u011fin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, karde\u015fin Hasan\u2019\u0131n intikam\u0131 pe\u015fin al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Art\u0131k b\u0131y\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (keyifle) bursun doyas\u0131ya gezsin,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(Ancak )Bu marifet siz Demenanlar\u0131n marifeti de\u011fildir,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Beni vuran kendi adam\u0131m, Hemo T\u00fcy\u201fd\u00fcr.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A\u015firet kavgalar\u0131nda; yi\u011fitlik, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcremeyip kendi a\u015firetinin ihaneti sonucu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen ki\u015fileri konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlardan biri de S\u0131lo Sur\u2019un annesinin yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em>\u201cS\u0131lo Sur A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u201dd\u0131r.<\/em> S\u00f6z konusu a\u011f\u0131t sadece bireysel bir yas ifadesi olmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u015firet toplumunun derin i\u00e7 \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini ve ihanetin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sars\u0131c\u0131 etkiyi de a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6zlerle ele\u015ftirmektedir:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cVano daye mordemo ke wurzeno ra <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Mordem\u00ea xu yo hewl r\u00ea bebaxteni keno,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>O ki haq zoneno wert\u00ea a\u015furu de once \u015ferefo namusniyo.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><strong>[14]<\/strong><\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Diyor anne: Bir adam kalk\u0131p <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Yi\u011fit adam\u0131na kalle\u015flik yap\u0131yorsa<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Allah biliyor, o da a\u015firetlerin i\u00e7inde \u015feref ve namus yoksunudur.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130roni ve yerginin bir arada harmanlanarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131tlardan biri de <em>\u201cSoxariye<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\"><strong>[15]<\/strong><\/a> A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> A\u011f\u0131tta \u00f6len karde\u015fine seslenen ki\u015fi, karde\u015finin intikam\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in a\u015firetlerden kimseyi bulamazsa k\u0131rkl\u0131k bebeklerin beline silah ku\u015fand\u0131r\u0131p intikam alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek ironi yapmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u201cDe b\u0131ra, b\u0131ra Ali\u2019ye m\u0131 eve kal u kok\u0131m\u0131ye<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tesela m\u0131 ke merd\u00ea Areyij ra kewte,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Serva T\u0131rkune P\u0131lemoriye zer\u00ea Soxariye de,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00c7eku san\u00eanu domon\u00ea \u00e7ewre\u015fi miye.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><strong>[16]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Karde\u015fim, Ali\u2019m ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f da olsam<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0130ntikam\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka alaca\u011f\u0131m kendi ellerimle. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tesellim Areyizlerin<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\"><strong>[17]<\/strong><\/a> soyundan kesilirse,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>P\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcr T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in So\u011fariye\u2019nin i\u00e7inde,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>K\u0131rkl\u0131k bebeklerin beline silah ku\u015fand\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda yergiyle dile getirilen bir ba\u015fka konu da Dersim ile merkezi otorite aras\u0131nda kurulamayan g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisidir. D\u00f6nemin resmi raporlar\u0131 ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde, b\u00f6lge halk\u0131 ve devlet aras\u0131nda bir g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisinin in\u015fa edilemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. I. D\u00fcnya Harbi\u2019nde Rus i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan cephede dahi omuz omuza \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bu g\u00fcvensizli\u011fin devam etti\u011fi, yak\u0131lan a\u011f\u0131tlarda ifade edilmektedir. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda kurulan \u00c7anakkale Cephesi\u2019ne b\u00f6lgeden kat\u0131larak hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden gen\u00e7leri anlatan <em>Sey Qaji\u2019ye,<\/em> ait <em>\u201cSeferberlik A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u2019nda\u201d<\/em> <em>Sey Qaji,<\/em> bir yandan uzun s\u00fcren ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olan sava\u015f\u0131 anlat\u0131rken, di\u011fer yandan Osmanl\u0131-Dersim aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 s\u00fcren g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi yeren ifadeler kullanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><em>Hot seriyo dame p\u00earo<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Seweta k\u0131l\u0131t\u00ea Anadoliye.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Taxt u pa\u00ea pasayi b\u0131r\u0131jiyo<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Xer u x\u0131zmeta ma qew\u0131l n\u00eabiye.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>N\u00ea\u00e7e vosn\u00ea qeri, k\u0131l\u0131t\u00ea kowun\u00ea D\u00earsimi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Kerd vindi seferberli\u011fe.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Say\u0131r, nam\u00ea ma \u015fuare de vaze<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Gorn u mezel\u00ea ma b\u00eal\u00fc niy\u00ea.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\"><strong>[18]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Yedi y\u0131ld\u0131r sava\u015f\u0131yoruz <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Anadolu&#8217;nun kilidi i\u00e7in.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Y\u0131k\u0131ls\u0131n padi\u015fah\u0131n payitaht\u0131 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Hay\u0131r ve hizmetimiz kabul g\u00f6rmedi.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nice ko\u00e7yi\u011fitleri, Dersim da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kilitlerini <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Kaybetti seferberlik.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u015eair ad\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u011f\u0131tlarda an bari<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>G\u00f6m\u00fc yerimiz ve mezar ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z belli de\u011fil.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Kaynak ki\u015fi <em>Emine Y\u0131ld\u0131z \u201cSevdin A\u011f\u0131t\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n\u201d<\/em> k\u0131sa varyant\u0131nda, Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fta hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden ve y\u00f6rede a\u015fk \u015fairi olarak bilinen \u015eah Haydar&#8217;\u0131 anarak devlete duyulan g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi dile getiren ele\u015ftirel bir s\u00f6ylem kullanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cPerode ma perodim\u00ea<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ma r\u00ea K\u0131rmanciye ra san\u00ea dewlete ra ayl\u0131x vejino.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Vano ayl\u0131xa dewlet\u00ea aste mor\u00ea \u015fiayo n\u00eawerino.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<strong>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sava\u015f\u0131n biz sava\u015fal\u0131m,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Biz K\u0131rmanciyeye devletin veznedar\u0131ndan ayl\u0131k verilecek.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Diyor: Devletin ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karay\u0131lan\u0131n kemi\u011fidir yenmez.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1938\u2019de La\u00e7 Deresi\u2019nde ya\u015fananlar\u0131 anlatan<em> Wel\u00ea Wus\u00ea Yimami\u2019nin \u201cLa\u00e7 Deresi A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u201d, <\/em>sadece bir kay\u0131p hik\u00e2yesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00f6nemin siyasi ve sosyal atmosferinin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131 olaylar\u0131 ele\u015ftiren bir toplumsal yergi hik\u00e2yesidir. \u015eair, a\u011f\u0131t\u0131nda sava\u015f\u0131n insanl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerini ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn ac\u0131mas\u0131z y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sererken kimi a\u015firet mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n vurulan ki\u015filerin ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 keserek para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ordu komutanlar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrmelerini de yermektedir. 1937-38 olaylar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin, yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131 ya da has\u0131mlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kesilerek para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ordu komutanlar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesine g\u00f6nderme yapan \u015fair, devlete milislik yapan ve \u00e7\u0131kar elde eden a\u015firetleri bu olay \u00fczerinden yermektedir:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cBao meyit\u00ea m\u0131 ca meverde tey bere<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Q\u0131rkerdena ma Demenu, <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>A\u015furure biyo r\u0131svet u pere.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Baba: Naa\u015f\u0131m\u0131 b\u0131rakma kendinle g\u00f6t\u00fcr,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Demenanlar\u0131n katliam\u0131,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>A\u015firetlere r\u00fc\u015fvetle para oldu.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Wak\u0131le adl\u0131 kad\u0131n \u015faire ait olan <em>&#8220;\u00c7uxur A\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n A\u011f\u0131t\u0131&#8221;nda<\/em> yer alan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki dizeler, 1938 Dersim olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 a\u015firet mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne koyarak ya\u015fanan ac\u0131lara duyars\u0131z kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendi kurtulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerini ele\u015ftirel bir dille ifade etmektedir:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cMirun\u00ea m\u0131 \u00c7uxur\u00ea kerda isize<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Bar kerdo \u015fiy\u00ea kert\u00ea Mazgerdi ware.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Alu ve Demenu ra am\u00ea<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00c7uxur\u00ea juvin ra kerda hes\u00ea u bare.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\"><strong>[19]<\/strong><\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Mirlerim g\u00f6\u00e7 edip Mazgirt ge\u00e7idine yaylaya gitmi\u015fler.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00c7uxur\u2019u (k\u00f6y\u00fc) \u0131ss\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Alanlar ile Demenanlar gelip<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00c7uxur\u2019u birbirilerine hisse ve pay etmi\u015fler.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tunceli(Dersim) a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131, b\u00f6lgenin tarihsel ve toplumsal olaylar\u0131n\u0131, bireysel ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getirerek kolektif haf\u0131zaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren zengin anlat\u0131lar sunmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr gelene\u011finin bask\u0131n oldu\u011fu y\u00f6rede a\u011f\u0131tlar kolektif haf\u0131zan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 konumundad\u0131r. Bu a\u011f\u0131tlar, bireysel ac\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015favurumu olmaktan \u00f6te, toplumsal olaylar\u0131n kaydedildi\u011fi ve ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 canl\u0131 tarih anlat\u0131lar\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. \u00d6zellikle I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131-Rus Harbi, a\u015firetler aras\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, 1938 Dersim olaylar\u0131 ve do\u011fal afetler gibi toplumsal travmalar, a\u011f\u0131tlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kolektif belle\u011fe kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, Tunceli (Dersim) y\u00f6resine ait a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n edebi ve toplumsal i\u015flevleri, \u00f6zellikle yergi ve ironi unsurlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden incelenmi\u015ftir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131tlarda yergi ve ironi, haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, zulme ve adaletsizli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tepki olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yergi ve ironinin hedefinde genellikle merkezi otorite, a\u015firet a\u011falar\u0131, a\u015firet kavgalar\u0131, ihanetler ve b\u00f6lgenin inan\u00e7 ve toplumsal d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 uygulamalar yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n dikkat \u00e7ekici bulgular\u0131ndan biri, a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n edebi de\u011ferinin \u015fimdiye kadar yeterince incelenmemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu eksikli\u011fin temel nedeni, alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla edebiyat formasyonundan yoksun olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Oysa y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131, K\u0131rmanccan\u0131n s\u00f6z ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile harmanlanm\u0131\u015f, sanatsal y\u00f6n\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, edebi a\u00e7\u0131dan zengin malzeme i\u00e7eren incelenmeye de\u011fer eserlerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, a\u011f\u0131tlardaki yergi ve ironi unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n sistematik analizidir. Bu analiz sonucunda: yergi ve ironinin toplumsal ele\u015ftiri arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ele\u015ftirilerin ki\u015fisellikten uzak, toplumsal norm ve de\u011ferler ekseninde \u015fekillendi\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle sava\u015f, a\u015firet \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve 1938 Dersim olaylar\u0131n\u0131 konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlarda yergi unsurunun yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ele\u015ftirilerin sosyal stat\u00fc g\u00f6zetmeksizin (bey, a\u011fa, devlet yetkilisi) yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Tunceli (Dersim) a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda yergi ve ironinin i\u015flevini ortaya koyarak, bu edebi t\u00fcr\u00fcn daha kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelenmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, derlenen a\u011f\u0131tlarla b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve gelecek nesillere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong> \u00d6mer Faruk ELALTUNTA\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dr. \u00d6\u011fr \u00dcyesi, Bing\u00f6l \u00dcniversitesi<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>G\u00f6nderilme Tarihi:<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>25 Kas\u0131m 2024<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kabul Tarihi:<\/strong> <strong>1<\/strong>6 Aral\u0131k 2024<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Yararlan\u0131lan Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Assmann, J. (2015). <em>K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Bellek Eski Y\u00fcksek K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde Yaz\u0131, Hat\u0131rlama ve Politik Kim<\/em>lik. 2. Bas\u0131m. \u00c7ev. Ay\u015fe Tekin. \u0130stanbul: Ayr\u0131nt\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Alay, O. (2015). <em>T\u00fcrk saz \u015fiirinde yergi, ironi ve mizah<\/em> (Yay\u0131n No. 393581) [Doktora Tezi, F\u0131rat \u00dcniversitesi]<em>.\u00a0 <\/em>Y\u00d6K Tez. <a href=\"https:\/\/tez.yok.gov.tr\/\">https:\/\/tez.yok.gov.tr\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bak\u015fi, S. (2019). <em>\u00d6yk\u00fcleriyle Dersim K\u0131lamlar\u0131 ve Dersim \u015eairi U\u015f\u00ean\u00ea Kalmemi(1887-1964) <\/em>\u0130stanbul: Vate Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Cengiz, D. (2010). <em>Dizeleriyle Tarihe Tan\u0131k Dersim \u015eairi Sey Qaji [1860-1936}<\/em>. \u0130stanbul: Horasan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dulkadir, H. (2011). <em>Dersim S\u00f6zl\u00fc Halk Edebiyat\u0131ndan \u00d6rnekler \u201cPepug\u00ea Des u D\u0131 Kowu\u201d.<\/em> Ankara: Kalan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fczg\u00fcn, M. (1992). <em>Dersim T\u00fcrk\u00fcleri \/ Tay\u00ea Law\u0131k\u00ea D\u00earsimi<\/em>. Ankara: Berhem Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Elaltunta\u015f, \u00d6. F. (2018). <em>T\u00fcrk halk edebiyat\u0131nda siyaset.<\/em>(Yay\u0131n No. 511467) [Doktora Tezi, Elaz\u0131\u011f: F\u0131rat \u00dcniversitesi].\u00a0 Y\u00d6K Tez. <a href=\"https:\/\/tez.yok.gov.tr\/\">https:\/\/tez.yok.gov.tr\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ta\u015f, C. (2016). <em>K\u0131laman\u00ea K\u0131rmanc\u0131y\u00ea Ser. <\/em>\u0130stanbul: Tij Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Kahraman, K., M. \u00d6zcan, M., \u00c7a\u011flayan\u0131n, H. (2019). Dersim S\u00f6zl\u00fc Haf\u0131zas\u0131nda A\u011f\u0131tlar. <em>Tarihsel ve Sosyolojik Geli\u015fimi \u0130le Zazaca Tarih-Edebiyat- Co\u011frafya- Folklor<\/em> (ss. 141-159). Ankara: Kalan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zcan, M. (2002). <em>\u00d6yk\u00fcleriyle Dersim A\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131-I<\/em>. Ankara: Kalan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zcan, M. (2008). <em>\u00d6yk\u00fcleriyle Dersim A\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131-II<\/em>. Ankara: Kalan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> S\u00f6zl\u00fc Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>S\u00f6zl\u00fc Kaynak Bilgileri: Ad Soyad, Do\u011fum Yeri, Do\u011fum Y\u0131l\u0131, E\u011fitim Durumu, Kay\u0131t Tarihi<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Emine Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Bor (\u00c7\u0131ral\u0131), 1933, okuryazar de\u011fil, 2022<\/li>\n<li>Sait Bak\u015fi: Bal\u0131g-C\u0131vrak (Sar\u0131yayla), 1943, lise, 2024<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Hewa Seferberli\u011fe, Hewa Sa Heyder\/Sevdin, Hewa Pardiye, Hewa Herve Wuri\u015fi, Hewa Guli Beg.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Hewa Da\u011fbe\u011fi, Hewa A\u015fkire\u011fi, Hewa S\u0131lo Sur, Hewa Zegeriye, Hewa Wu\u015feni Mozik.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Hewa Axlarun\u00ea \u00c7uxure, Hewa Saan Axay, Hewa X\u0131d\u00ea Ale \u0130sme, Hewa Dere La\u00e7i.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Daimi Cengiz\u2019in \u201cDizeleri ile Tarihe Tan\u0131k Dersim \u015eairi Sey Qaji\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 sadece a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 konu almay\u0131p \u015fairin hayat\u0131 ve di\u011fer eserlerini de konu almaktad\u0131r. Ancak kitapta yer alan \u015fiirlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu a\u011f\u0131tlar olu\u015fturdu\u011funda mevcut kaynaklar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Dersim S\u00f6zl\u00fc Halk Edebiyat\u0131ndan \u00d6rnekler On \u0130ki Da\u011f\u0131n Pepugu. (T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede guguk ku\u015fu anlam\u0131na gelen pepug ku\u015fu b\u00f6lgede ac\u0131 ve felaketin simgesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m dikkate al\u0131narak T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmeden Kurmancca ad\u0131yla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> K\u0131rmancca A\u011f\u0131tlar\/T\u00fcrk\u00fcler \u00dczerine.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Dersim P\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcr il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir k\u00f6y ad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Sey Qaji\u2019ye ait olan a\u011f\u0131t, Sait Bak\u015fi\u2019nin ses kayd\u0131ndan al\u0131narak transkripsiyonu ve \u00e7evirisi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Dersim P\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcr\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 bir k\u00f6y ad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Bak\u015fi, (2019: 228-231).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Sey Qaji\u2019ye ait olan a\u011f\u0131t, Sait Bak\u015fi\u2019nin ses kayd\u0131ndan al\u0131narak transkripsiyonu ve \u00e7evirisi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> Dersim merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131 Gevrek (Ye\u015filkaya) k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn bir mezras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> Wuse Moz\u0131k, Wu\u015fen\u00ea Seyd\u2019dir. Moz\u0131k kelimesi, K\u0131rnmanccada erkek dana anlam\u0131na gelen Wuse Moz\u0131k i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan lakapt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> S\u0131lo Sur\u2019un annesinin yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131t, Sait Bak\u015fi\u2019nin ses kayd\u0131ndan al\u0131narak transkripsiyonu ve \u00e7evirisi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Dersim P\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcr\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Har\u015fi k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn bir mezras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> Qemer\u00ea Suri\u2019ye ait a\u011f\u0131t Sait Bak\u015fi\u2019nin ses kayd\u0131ndan al\u0131narak transkripsiyonu ve \u00e7evirisi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> Dersimde bir a\u015firet ad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> Sey Qaji\u2019ye ait olan a\u011f\u0131t i\u00e7in bkz. Cengiz, (2010: 303-304).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> Wak\u0131le\u2019ye ait a\u011f\u0131t, Sait Bak\u015fi\u2019nin ses kayd\u0131ndan al\u0131narak transkripsiyonu ve \u00e7evirisi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6zet A\u011f\u0131t, kurmaca y\u00f6n\u00fc az ve ger\u00e7ekleri anlatan bir t\u00fcr oldu\u011fundan toplumun kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00d6zellikle yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, tarihi olaylar\u0131 konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlar, ayn\u0131 zamanda birer s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih anlat\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Edebi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin tamamen s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenek i\u00e7inde yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tunceli (Dersim) y\u00f6resinde, b\u00f6lgenin tarihi ve sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanan olaylar\u0131 konu alan a\u011f\u0131tlar, b\u00f6lgenin &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23899,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084],"tags":[1616],"class_list":["post-23898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","tag-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23898"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23900,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23898\/revisions\/23900"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}