{"id":23543,"date":"2024-06-04T07:34:12","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T04:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23543"},"modified":"2024-06-02T13:40:38","modified_gmt":"2024-06-02T10:40:38","slug":"kuran-i-kerime-gore-devletin-esaslari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23543","title":{"rendered":"KUR\u2019AN-I KER\u0130M\u2019E G\u00d6RE DEVLET\u0130N ESASLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0130ster felsefi, ister ilmi a\u00e7\u0131dan Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i inceleyiniz. Neticede onun ki\u015fi, aile ve toplumun her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00f6revlerini belirlemi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/div>\n
Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri eski ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fctefekkir ve bilim insan\u0131 Ahmet Hamdi Akseki (\u00f6.1370\/1951), \u201cAhlak Dersleri\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u201cKur\u2019an-\u0131 Az\u00eem\u00fc\u015f\u015f\u00e2n\u2019a G\u00f6re Devletin Esaslar\u0131\u201d, ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bu konuda baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Onun bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 \u00f6zet olarak \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/div>\n
\u201cNerede olursa olsun devletler, bir\u00e7ok ailenin bir araya gelmesinden kurulmaktad\u0131r. Kur\u2019an ve onu a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p izah eden s\u00fcnnet, devletin, \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f bulunan esaslar\u0131n\u0131, milletin bireylerine ve bireylerin devlete kar\u015f\u0131 olan g\u00f6revlerini bize a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019e g\u00f6re devlet, iki esas \u00fczerine kurulmaktad\u0131r:<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1 \u2013 Adalet.<\/div>\n
2 \u2013 Emanet (\u0130\u015fleri, g\u00f6rev ve vazifeleri ehline vermek).<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Bu iki esas, adil siyaset ile salih velayetin\/hukuki yetkinin asl\u0131, esas\u0131d\u0131r. Adil bir siyaset ile salih bir velayet\/hukuki yetki, ancak bu iki temel esas ile temin edile bilir. Nerede olursa olsun, her zaman ve her yerde, devleti temsil eden h\u00fck\u00fcmetten bu beklenmektedir. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim, birey ve toplumun saadetinin, bu iki esasta oldu\u011funu haber vermektedir. Bu esaslar\u0131n birincisi olan adalet, bireysel olarak herkesin hukukunu muhafaza eder. \u0130kincisi ise toplumun menfaatlerini temin edip korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Adalet g\u00f6zetilmedik\u00e7e, hi\u00e7 kimsenin ki\u015fisel haklar\u0131 muhafaza alt\u0131na al\u0131namaz. Emanet\/i\u015fler ehline verilmedik\u00e7e, toplumun menfaati korunamaz. \u015eekli ne olursa olsun, bu iki m\u00fchim\/\u00f6nemli esas\u0131 muhafaza eden bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u0130slam nazar\u0131nda me\u015fru ve makbuld\u00fcr. \u0130slam dini h\u00fckumetin \u015fekline de\u011fil, adalet ve emanetin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu manevi y\u00f6n\u00fcne ehemmiyet vermektedir.\u201d (Ahmet Hamdi Akseki, Ahlak Dersleri, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2016, s. 296.).<\/div>\n
Ahmet Hamdi Akseki gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zat\u0131n bu konudaki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 sizlerle payla\u015fmak istedim. O, yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131nda bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019den, Nisa Suresinin 58\u2019inci ayetinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilere g\u00f6re yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu kaydetmi\u015ftir. Bu ayetin metni, meali ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na yer vermek istiyoruz:<\/div>\n
\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0646\u0650\u0639\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0638\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u201cAllah size, emanetleri mutlaka ehline vermenizi ve insanlar aras\u0131nda h\u00fckmetti\u011finiz zaman, adaletle h\u00fckmetmenizi emreder. Do\u011frusu Allah, bununla size ne g\u00fczel \u00f6\u011f\u00fct veriyor! \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki Allah, hakk\u0131yla i\u015fitendir, hakk\u0131yla g\u00f6rendir.\u201d (en-Nisa 4\/58).<\/div>\n
Bu ayette anlat\u0131lan, emaneti ehline verme ve insanlar aras\u0131nda adaletle h\u00fckmetme meseleleri hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar hem de t\u00fcm insanlar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ciddi ve son derece \u00f6nemli olan iki meseledir. Asl\u0131nda bu iki mesele, biri di\u011ferinden ayr\u0131lmayacak derecede birbirleri ile irtibatl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu mesajlar, daha \u00e7ok egemen olan y\u00f6neticilere y\u00f6neliktir. Rivayet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Hz. Ali (\u00f6. 40\/661), bu ayeti yorumlarken \u015f\u00f6yle bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunmu\u015ftur: \u201c\u0130mam\u0131n (idare makam\u0131nda olan y\u00f6neticinin), Allah\u2019\u0131n indirdi\u011fi ile h\u00fckmetmesi ve emaneti ehline vermesi gerekir. \u0130mam b\u00f6yle hareket etti\u011fi zaman, idare etti\u011fi insanlar\u0131n da onu dinlemeleri ve emirlerine riayet etmeleri icap eder.\u201d (Tirmizi, Ahk\u00e2m, 4; et-Taberi, Camiu\u2019l-Bey\u00e2n an Te\u2019v\u00eeli \u00e2yi\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, V, 200).<\/div>\n
Hz. Ali\u2019nin (\u00f6. 40\/661), bu ayetin y\u00f6neticilere y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemesi, bu ayetin n\u00fczul sebebine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Mekke\u2019nin fethedildi\u011fi g\u00fcn, Hz. Muhammed (sav.) Mekke\u2019ye girmi\u015f fakat K\u00e2be\u2019nin anahtar\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yan Osman b. Talha b. Abduddar, K\u00e2be\u2019nin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kilitlemi\u015f ve anahtar\u0131 Hz. Muhammed\u2019e (sav.) vermek istememi\u015fti. Daha sonra da \u201cResulullah (sav.) oldu\u011funu bilseydim, menetmezdim,\u201d demi\u015fti. Hz. Ali, o zaman Osman\u2019\u0131 aray\u0131p bulmu\u015f, anahtar\u0131 vermek istemeyince, kolunu tutarak b\u00fckm\u00fc\u015f ve anahtar\u0131 ondan bir nevi zorla alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan K\u00e2be\u2019nin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve Hz. Muhammed (sav.) i\u00e7eriye girip iki rek\u00e2t namaz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Muhammed (sav.) K\u00e2be\u2019nin i\u00e7inden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman amcas\u0131 Hz. Abbas (\u00f6. 32\/653), anahtar\u0131n kendisine verilmesini, daha \u00f6nce yapmakta oldu\u011fu zemzem suyunu da\u011f\u0131tma ile K\u00e2be\u2019nin anahtar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6revlerinin kendisinde toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine bu ayet nazil olmu\u015ftur. Ard\u0131ndan Hz. Muhammed (sav.) Hz. Ali\u2019ye, anahtar\u0131 Osman\u2019a iade etmesini ve kendisinden \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemesini emretmi\u015ftir. Hz. Ali de anahtar\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp kendisinden \u00f6z\u00fcr dileyince, Osman, \u201cZorlay\u0131p eziyet ettin, sonra da gelip tamire \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsun,\u201d diyerek bir nevi tepki g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Hz. Ali kendisine, \u201cAllah senin hakk\u0131nda ayet indirdi,\u201d demi\u015f ve nazil olan yukar\u0131daki ayeti kendisine okumu\u015ftur. Bunun \u00fczerine Osman \u015fahadet kelimesini okuyarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur. Bu ayetin nazil olmas\u0131 ile K\u00e2be\u2019nin anahtar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6revinin ebedi olarak Osman evlad\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, Allah\u2019\u0131n bu olay \u00fczerine nazil olan emrine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Osman, K\u00e2be\u2019nin anahtar\u0131n\u0131 karde\u015fi \u015eeybe\u2019ye vermi\u015f ve Mekke\u2019den hicret edip ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn dahi K\u00e2be\u2019nin anahtar\u0131, \u015eeybe\u2019nin soyundan gelen torunlar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. (el-K\u00e2d\u00ee, Esbab\u00fc\u2019n-N\u00fcz\u00fbl, s.71; Yaz\u0131r Hak Dini, II, 1372 vd.).<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SONU\u00c7<\/div>\n
\u0130nsanlar ne kadar M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ge\u00e7inse de siyasi idarelerinde adalet ve emanette, i\u015fleri, g\u00f6rev ve vazifeleri ehline vermede Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019e uygun hareket etmedikleri m\u00fcddet\u00e7e, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ge\u00e7inmelerinin hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nemi yoktur. \u0130\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015fi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmasa da, bu esaslara uygun hareket etti\u011fi zaman, idaresi \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a uygun d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu konuda itiraz\u0131 olan arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za, konuyla ilgili ayeti ve Ahmet Hamdi Akseki\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 okumay\u0131 tavsiye etmekteyim.<\/div>\n
Herkese selam, sayg\u0131 ve h\u00fcrmetlerimi sunuyorum.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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Prof. Dr. Nurettin Turgay-<\/span>AKADEM\u0130K AKIL<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130ster felsefi, ister ilmi a\u00e7\u0131dan Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i inceleyiniz. Neticede onun ki\u015fi, aile ve toplumun her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00f6revlerini belirlemi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receksiniz. Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri eski ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fctefekkir ve bilim insan\u0131 Ahmet Hamdi Akseki (\u00f6.1370\/1951), \u201cAhlak Dersleri\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u201cKur\u2019an-\u0131 Az\u00eem\u00fc\u015f\u015f\u00e2n\u2019a G\u00f6re Devletin Esaslar\u0131\u201d, ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bu konuda baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Onun bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 \u00f6zet olarak \u015f\u00f6yledir: …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23544,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[6256,6642,731,6643,269,1616],"class_list":["post-23543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-adalet","tag-hak-ve-hukuk","tag-islam","tag-islmda-adalet","tag-kuran","tag-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23543"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23545,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23543\/revisions\/23545"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}