{"id":23463,"date":"2024-04-30T22:07:03","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T19:07:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23463"},"modified":"2024-04-30T22:07:34","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T19:07:34","slug":"1914te-bitlis-kurd-ayaklanmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23463","title":{"rendered":"1914\u2019te Bitlis K\u00fcrd Ayaklanmas\u0131-1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Bitlis\u2019te liderli\u011fini Hayretin Berazi, Sipkili Aziz Bey, Mele Selim, Z\u0131rkili Akid Efendi, Ele\u015fkirt \u015eeyhi Osman Efendi ve Bekir Efendi\u2019nin<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir K\u00fcrd ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 hareketi meydana gelir. D\u00f6nemin resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ve kimi kaynaklarda dile getirildi\u011fi gibi, bu hareketin spontane ya da hususen Mele Selim\u2019in ad\u0131 ve unvan\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirerek\u00a0\u201ccihat\u00e7\u0131\u201d ve \u201cirticac\u0131\u201d kavramlarla tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, daha sonraki K\u00fcrd hareketlerinde de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131k s\u0131k ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 bir taktiksel y\u00f6ntemdir. Bunun amac\u0131 Rusya, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fuyla Hristiyan alemine mensup laik devletlerin K\u00fcrdlere kar\u015f\u0131 olas\u0131 yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve deste\u011fini, bu s\u00f6ylemeler \u00fczerinden manip\u00fcle ederek k\u0131rmak ve engellemekti.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesinde muvazzaf subay olarak istihbaratta g\u00f6rev yapan \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaweys\u2019in aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1914 Bitlis ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan s\u00fcre\u00e7 1894\u2019e kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere ve Rus \u00c7ar\u0131n\u0131n da bask\u0131s\u0131yla Abd\u00fclhamid 1894\u2019te olas\u0131 bir K\u00fcrd-Ermeni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en n\u00fcfuslu K\u00fcrd \u015fahsiyetlerin muhalif duru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek Seyyid Abdulkadir, Musa Beg\u00ea Xw\u00eat\u00ee, Mele Selim ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 K\u00fcrd ileri gelenlerii\u00a0Medine\u2019ye S\u00fcrg\u00fcn etmi\u015fti. S\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olan K\u00fcrd ileri gelenleri Hicaz\u2019da\u00a0Seyyid Abdulkadir, Hac\u0131 Musa Beg, Mele Selim ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok K\u00fcrd ileri gelenleri ve hac\u0131 K\u00fcrdlerin de i\u015ftirakiyle geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir toplant\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Toplant\u0131n\u0131n ana g\u00fcndemi; s\u00fcr\u00fclen K\u00fcrdlerin durumu, Abd\u00fclhamid rejiminin K\u00fcrd toplumu \u00fczerindeki ulusal, toplumsal ve ekonomik bask\u0131lar\u0131yd\u0131. Yap\u0131lan fikir teatisi sonucunda, Osmanl\u0131 devletinin K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki bu haks\u0131z uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hep birlikte tav\u0131r almak, kar\u015f\u0131 koymak \u00fczere anla\u015farak yemin ederler. 1896\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan af \u00fczerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde bulunan K\u00fcrd ileri gelenleri geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, istibdat bask\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 halk\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek, harekete ge\u00e7ebilmek ve K\u00fcrdleri bu bask\u0131c\u0131 rejimden kurtarabilmek i\u00e7in her biri bulundu\u011fu yerlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flarlar. Mele Selim de K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, arkada\u015flar\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015ftikleri gibi propaganda ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flar. Bu ama\u00e7la Van, Ba\u015fkale, Bitlis, Mu\u015f ve Diyarbekir y\u00f6relerini dola\u015farak fikirlerini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Mele Selim ya da bilinen di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Halife Selim, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken\u00a0Diyarbakirli Fikri Necdet Efendi\u2019nin giri\u015fimiyle\u00a01900 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan\u00a0K\u00fcrdistan Azm-i Kavi Cemiyeti kurucular\u0131ndan ve y\u00f6neticilerinden bir oldu\u011funu daha \u00f6nce belirtmi\u015ftik. K\u00fcrdistan Azm-i Kavi Cemiyeti\u2019nin\u00a01908 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar aktif oldu\u011funu farkl\u0131 K\u00fcrd kaynaklar\u0131ndan biliyoruz. Mele Selim ve bir k\u0131s\u0131m arkada\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en cemiyet b\u00fcnyesinde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler.<\/p>\n<p>1908\u2019de \u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan yeni af kanunuyla, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde bulunan K\u00fcrd ileri gelenleri ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul olmak \u00fczere ikamet yerlerine d\u00f6nerler. Ba\u015fta Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere K\u00fcrd ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, ulemas\u0131 ve ileri gelenlerin \u00f6nemli bir kesimi Me\u015frutiyeti destekler. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131, K\u00fcrdler i\u00e7in de yeni bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015f. Bu d\u00f6nemde kurulan ilk K\u00fcrd \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc K\u00fcrd Teav\u00fcn ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019dir.\u00a0 K\u00fcrd Teav\u00fcn ve Terakki Cemiyeti (KTTC), 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1324 (1908)\u2019de kurulmu\u015f, eldeki bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6yle anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ki, ba\u015fta Mele Selim ve K\u00fcrdizade Ahmed Ramiz olmak \u00fczere K\u00fcrdistan Azm-i Kavi Cemiyeti kurucular\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri de bu yeni \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. KTTC\u2019nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olan KTTG\u2019ne g\u00f6nderilen telgraflardan ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 kaynaklardan \u00f6yle anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ki Cemiyetin Bitlis, Mu\u015f, Diyarbekir, Musul, Erzurum, H\u0131n\u0131s ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta \u015fubeleri a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Mele Selimin de kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu Bitlis KTTC \u015fubesi, en \u00e7ok \u00fcyesi olan aktif \u015fubelerden biriydi. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Bitlis \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn giri\u015fimlerine ra\u011fmen, K\u00fcrd cemiyetinin geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nleyememi\u015ftir. T. Zafer Tunaya g\u00f6re,\u00a0Bitlis\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kan ayaklanman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Cemiyetin kurucusu ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (Halife Selim ve Ali A\u011fa) bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0KTTC\u2019nin K\u00fcrd toplumu i\u00e7indeki faaliyetleri, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesi, geli\u015fimi ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 siyasi iktidar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a rahats\u0131z etmi\u015f ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l sonra cemiyet kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n korktuklar\u0131 en \u00f6nemli konulardan bir de olas\u0131 bir K\u00fcrd-Ermeni ittifak\u0131d\u0131r. Ermeni ve K\u00fcrdlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lgede, bu iki halk aras\u0131nda kurulacak bir ittifak, hi\u00e7 beklenmedik geli\u015fmeler meydana getirebilir, Ermenistan ve K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131 tamam\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131dan ayr\u0131labilirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Balkan Harbi\u2019nde al\u0131nan yenilgi ve ya\u015fanan toprak kab\u0131ndan sonra, K\u00fcrdler de yeni bir aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7erisine girer. \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan bir k\u0131s\u0131m K\u00fcrd ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve ileri gelenleri, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde bulunan farkl\u0131 K\u00fcrd siyasi guruplar\u0131 bir araya getirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli giri\u015fimlerde bulunurlar. Bu do\u011frultuda May\u0131s 1912\u2019de, b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrt siyasi ve sosyal gruplar\u0131n temsilcilerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla genel bir toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenlenir. Toplant\u0131da, K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n genel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 temsil edecek yetenekte bir birlik partisini \u00f6rg\u00fctleme karar\u0131 birlikte al\u0131n\u0131r.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0 R\u00eaxistina \u00cer\u015fad (Do\u011fru yolu g\u00f6steren) ad\u0131yla yeni bir \u00f6rg\u00fct kurulur. R\u00eaxistina \u00cer\u015fad\u2019\u0131n amac\u0131, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki y\u00f6netiminin \u2018K\u00fcrdleri silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131p vergileri art\u0131ran uygulamalar\u0131na K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da son vermek\u2019 ve b\u00f6lgesinde otonom bir y\u00f6netim kurmakt\u0131.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaweys, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurulu\u015f amac\u0131yla ilgili \u015fu bilgileri aktar\u0131yor: Talepleri; K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrklerden ayr\u0131 olarak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde ve Hilafet y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda muhtar (otonom) idareye sahip olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0A\u011fustos 1912\u2019de Rusya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011finden Rusya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen rapordan da anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ki y\u00f6neticilerinin ayaklanma haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gizli bir K\u00fcrd \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u201c\u0130r\u015fad\u201d kurulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rg\u00fct y\u00f6neticileri, K\u00fcrtlerin bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkenin do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00fcstleniyorlar. \u00d6rg\u00fct y\u00f6neticilerinde Hayretti Barazi\u2019nin Erzurum Rus Konsolosu \u015etritter\u2019e bildirdi\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u00f6rg\u00fct komitesi Sibki Aziz Bey, Z\u0131rki Akid Efendi, Ele\u015fkirt \u015eeyhi Osman Efendi, Selim Efendi ve Bekir Efendi\u2019den olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fchr\u00fc ve her \u00fcyenin ayda 10 para \u00f6dedi\u011fi bir kasas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Hayrettin Berazi\u2019ye Erzurum, Bitlis, Beyaz\u0131t ve Mu\u015ftaki K\u00fcrtleri ayakland\u0131rma g\u00f6revi verilmi\u015fti.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Bu grup ayn\u0131 zamanda Rusya sahas\u0131nda bulunan K\u00e2mil Bey ve Abd\u00fcrrezzak Bedirhan Bey\u2019le de ili\u015fki halindedir. Bab-\u0131 \u00c2l\u00ee Dahiliye Nez\u00e2reti\u2019nden 18 Mart 1914\u2019te g\u00f6nderilen \u015fifreli telgrafa g\u00f6re, \u201cHalife Selim\u2019in bir sene \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u015eeyh Abd\u00fclkadir\u2019e misafir oldu\u011fu<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0belirtilir. Bitlis Rus Konsolosu Girs de hareketlili\u011fin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanla ilgili el\u00e7ili\u011fe verdi\u011fi raporda; \u201cK\u00fcrtler i\u00e7indeki hareketin Musul vilayetinde, Diyarbekir vilayeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde, Bitlis vilayetinin Siirt Sanca\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6ylerinde ve ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde K\u00fcrt beyleri ve \u015feyhlerinin Duhok\u2019ta da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc rapor ediyordu.\u201d<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinde Bitlis isyan\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce Mele Selim\u2019in Abd\u00fcrrezzak Bedirhan Bey\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a gitti\u011fi kaydedilmi\u015f. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcselam ve S\u0131mail A\u011fa \u015e\u0131kaki (S\u0131mko) da, Abd\u00fcrrezzak Bedirhan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Rusya yetkilileriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere Tiflis\u2019e gitmi\u015fler.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Burada ortak bir isti\u015farenin de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimaldir.<\/p>\n<p>(Devam edecek.)<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Se\u00eed Veroj Rudaw.net<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div id=\"ftn1\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Celil\u00ea Celil,\u00a0<em>K\u00fcrt Ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131<\/em>, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2013, s. 136<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Jiyan \u00fb Berhemekan\u00ea \u00cesma\u00eel Heq\u00ee \u015eaweys<\/em>, Dezgay \u00c7ap \u00fb Belawkirdin\u00ee Aras, Zinc\u00eerey Ro\u015finb\u00eer\u00ee, \u00c7ap\u00ee Yekem, \u00c7apxaney Wezaret\u00ee Perwerde, Hewl\u00ear, 2003,\u00a0<em>B\u00eer<\/em>, Hejmar: 2, 2005, s. 41-42<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn3\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Malm\u00eesanij,\u00a0<em>K\u00fcrt Teav\u00fcn ve Terakki Cemiyeti ve Gazetesi<\/em>, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1999, s. 45<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn4\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya,\u00a0<em>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler Cilt 1, \u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet D\u00f6nemi, 1908-1918<\/em>, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 4. Bask\u0131, 2011, s. 431<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn5\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Celil\u00ea Celil,\u00a0<em>K\u00fcrt Ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131<\/em>, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2013, s. 134<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn6\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Nevzat Bing\u00f6l,\u00a0<em>Bitlis \u0130syan\u0131 ve \u015eeyh Selim<\/em>, Do Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2013, s. 31<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn7\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Jiyan \u00fb Berhemekan\u00ea \u00cesma\u00eel Heq\u00ee \u015eaweys<\/em>, Dezgay \u00c7ap \u00fb Belawkirdin\u00ee Aras, Zinc\u00eerey Ro\u015finb\u00eer\u00ee, \u00c7ap\u00ee Yekem, \u00c7apxaney Wezaret\u00ee Perwerde, Hewl\u00ear, 2003,\u00a0<em>B\u00eer<\/em>, Hejmar: 2, 2005, s. 43<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn8\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Celil\u00ea Celil,\u00a0<em>K\u00fcrt Ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131<\/em>, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2013, s. 136<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn9\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Kerem Soylu, Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Bitlis ve Civar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2017<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn10\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Celil\u00ea Celil,\u00a0<em>K\u00fcrt Ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131<\/em>, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2013, s. 137<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn11\" class=\"selectionShareable\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Necmi\/Downloads\/1914'te%20Bitlis%20K%C3%BCrd%20Ayaklanmas%C4%B1.docx#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Nevzat Bing\u00f6l,\u00a0<em>Bitlis \u0130syan\u0131 ve \u015eeyh Selim<\/em>, Do Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2013, s. 35<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Bitlis\u2019te liderli\u011fini Hayretin Berazi, Sipkili Aziz Bey, Mele Selim, Z\u0131rkili Akid Efendi, Ele\u015fkirt \u015eeyhi Osman Efendi ve Bekir Efendi\u2019nin[1]\u00a0yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir K\u00fcrd ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 hareketi meydana gelir. D\u00f6nemin resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ve kimi kaynaklarda dile getirildi\u011fi gibi, bu hareketin spontane ya da hususen Mele Selim\u2019in ad\u0131 ve unvan\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirerek\u00a0\u201ccihat\u00e7\u0131\u201d &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084],"tags":[6584,5541,1616],"class_list":["post-23463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","tag-kurt-ayaklamalari","tag-kurt-isyanlari","tag-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23463"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23466,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23463\/revisions\/23466"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}