{"id":23423,"date":"2024-04-07T17:21:55","date_gmt":"2024-04-07T14:21:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23423"},"modified":"2024-04-07T17:21:55","modified_gmt":"2024-04-07T14:21:55","slug":"kurtler-gokten-mi-indi-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23423","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcrtler g\u00f6kten mi indi (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Giri\u015f:<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtler<\/a>in k\u00f6kenlerine dair anlat\u0131mlar, 700’den sonra yaz\u0131lan ilk d\u00f6nem \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklardan beri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Gerek tarih\u00ee \u015fahsiyetler, gerekse\u00a0‘Dehh\u00e2k Efs\u00e2nes\u00ee’<\/em>\u00a0\u00fczerinden olu\u015fturulan bu kurgu, 1800’lerden sonra Bat\u0131l\u0131 seyyah, diplomat ve akademisyenlerin dahiliyle yeni bir a\u015famaya evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k bu zaman zarf\u0131nda\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd’<\/em>\u00a0kelimesinin etimolojisine y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla da geni\u015fletilen bu literat\u00fcre, maalesef siyas\u00ee ve ideolojik nedenlerle \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli zeminsiz teoriler de eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtlerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u015fimdiye kadar\u00a0‘Karduckhi’, ‘Med’, ‘Gut\u00ee’, ‘Mitani’<\/em>\u00a0gibi antik milletlerle ili\u015fkilendirilerek dile getirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da; K\u00fcrtlerle yak\u0131n temasta bulunan \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee (Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a, Osmanl\u0131ca, \u00c7a\u011fatayca, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e), Hristiyan Do\u011fu (G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Ermeni, S\u00fcryani, Rus) ve Hristiyan Bat\u0131 (Grek\u00e7e, Latince, \u0130ngilizce, Frans\u0131zca, Almanca) kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te K\u00fcrdlerin k\u00f6kenlerine dair ifadeler bir araya getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtler tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te kendilerini hangi adlarla tan\u0131mlad\u0131lar?<\/em><\/p>\n

Yine K\u00fcrtlerle ileti\u015fimde olan milletler K\u00fcrtlere hangi isimleri verdiler?<\/em><\/p>\n

Eldeki veriler bizlere bug\u00fcnden en eski ge\u00e7mi\u015fe kesintisiz bir s\u00fcreklilik ba\u011flam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klama olana\u011f\u0131 veriyor mu?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle en sonda s\u00f6ylememiz gereken bilgiyi k\u0131saca anlatal\u0131m: \u00c7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli leh\u00e7elerin, dinlerin, inan\u00e7 ve mezheplerin, a\u015firetlerin bulundu\u011fu, geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklarla sabit olan bu \u0131rka 800’den beri\u00a0“Kurd\/Kerd\/Kert\/Kord\/K’urd”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0ad\u0131 verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde her dilin ses ve alfabesine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131kla yaz\u0131lan\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd’lere; bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck yay\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce 600-1400 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Ermeni-S\u00fcryani kaynaklar\u0131 ‘Maruc, Mar, Med’\u00a0<\/em>denildi\u011fi; Herodotus’un (M.\u00d6. yakla\u015f\u0131k 484-425)\u00a0“Historiai”<\/em>\u00a0isimli kitab\u0131na g\u00f6re de bu kavramdan \u00f6nce kendilerini \u00a0“Aryan\/\u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9- Arioi'”<\/em>\u00a0olarak nitelendirdikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ‘\u0130ran’ kelimesinde ya\u015fayan ‘\u00caran\/Aryan’ s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekten de K\u00fcrtlerle bir ili\u015fkisi var m\u0131?<\/em><\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok a\u015firetin alt\u0131nda k\u00fcmelendi\u011fi “K\u00fcrd\/Kurd” ad\u0131 nereden gelmektedir?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130talyan gezgin Pitro Della Valle (1586-1652); \u0130talyanca, sonradan Frans\u0131zcaya da \u00e7evrilen\u00a0‘Seyahatname’<\/em>sinde Ksenophon’un bahsetti\u011fi\u00a0“Karduklar”<\/em>\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin atalar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Takip edebildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla bu iddia Avrupa dillerinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir\u00e7ok kaynakta dile getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ancak 1700’lerden itibaren arkeolojik bulu\u015flar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve eski kaynaklar\u0131n yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve \u00e7evrilmesine m\u00fcteakip\u00a0‘K\u00fcrdlerin’\u00a0<\/em>atalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir ba\u015fka iddia da dile getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda da bulunan \u00fcnl\u00fc Alman tarih\u00e7i B. G. Niebuhr (1776-1831) ise biraz farkl\u0131 bir iddiay\u0131 dile getirerek\u00a0‘Aramiler’, ‘Medler’\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0‘Persler’<\/em>in ortak ata olarak K\u00fcrtlerden geldi\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1850’lerden beri s\u00fcregelen modern ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda da K\u00fcrtlerin atalar\u0131 olarak Medler g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Bu sadece Avrupal\u0131 gezgin\/yazar\/b\u00fcrokrat kimlikli \u015fahsiyetlerin tek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt\u00a0a\u015firet ileri gelenleri ve okumu\u015f kesimleri de ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc payla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Hatta ilk K\u00fcrt gazetesi\u00a0‘K\u00fcrdistan’\u00a0<\/em>ile 1908-22 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0‘J\u00een’, ‘Roj\u00ee K\u00fcrd’, ‘K\u00fcrd Teav\u00fcn ve Terakki’, ‘K\u00fcrdistan’, ‘\u015eark ve K\u00fcrdistan’<\/em>\u00a0gibi gazete ve dergilerde bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f do\u011frultusunda yaz\u0131lar kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f veya \u00e7eviriler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ksenofon’un (m.\u00f6. 431-m.\u00f6.354)\u00a0“Anabasis”<\/em><\/strong>ini 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Eski Yunanca’dan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye \u00e7eviren O\u011fuz Yarl\u0131ga\u015f, “Kardukhia (2014, ss:259)”<\/em>\u00a0s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 249’ncu dipnotta\u00a0“Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrtlerin atas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen kavmin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lge. S\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lge Dicle (Tigres) nehrinin bat\u0131s\u0131nda kalmakta ve Armenia’dan Botan \u00c7ay\u0131 (Kentrites) ile ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (2014, ss:644)”<\/em>\u00a0ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Van do\u011fumlu bir Ermeni olan Arshak Safrastian (\u00f6.1958); \u0130ngiltere h\u00fck\u00fcmeti g\u00f6revlisi olarak 1915-16 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerle kurmu\u015f ileti\u015fimine dayanarak 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu\u00a0“Kurds and Kurdistan”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>kitab\u0131nda\u00a0“Guti, Kassit, Lulu, Med”\u00a0<\/em>gibi milletleri K\u00fcrdlerin\u0131 atalar aras\u0131nda saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vladimir Minorsky (1877-1966); 1938’de Do\u011fu Bilimcileri Kongresi’nde K\u00fcrtlerin k\u00f6kenini Medlere dayand\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ermeni tarih\u00e7i George A. Bournoutian (d.1943) ise\u00a0“A Concise History of the Armenian People”;\u00a0“From Ancient Times to the Present”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0isimli kitab\u0131nda K\u00fcrdlerin k\u00f6kenini hem Med’lere hem de Urartu’lara dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peki, bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n dayanak noktas\u0131 nelerdir?<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u0130ngiltere Foreign Office taraf\u0131ndan 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda bast\u0131r\u0131lan\u00a0“Armenia and Kurdistan”\u00a0<\/em>isimli kitapta K\u00fcrtlerin en eski atalar\u0131\u00a0‘Guti’\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0‘Carduchi’<\/em>lerin g\u00f6sterimi. ss:24.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yedi \u0131rk\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee inanca g\u00f6re ilk yarat\u0131lan insanlar Hz. \u00c2dem ve Hz. Havv\u00e2’d\u0131r. \u0130nsano\u011flu bu iki \u015fahsiyetten \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015f ancak \u00f6yle g\u00fcnaha bula\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ki, Hz. Nuh d\u00f6neminde\u00a0‘Tufan’\u00a0<\/em>yarat\u0131larak sadece Hz. Nuh’un gemisine binenler kurtulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ve insano\u011flu yeniden Hz. Nuh’un z\u00fcrriyetinden \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu an yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulunan t\u00fcm \u0131rklar; Hz. Nuh’un gemisinin Gut\u00ee\/Cud\u00ee\/K\u00fcrd(istan) Da\u011flar\u0131’na inmesinden sonra burada Hz. Nuh’un S\u00e2m, H\u00e2m ve Yafes isimli \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011flundan t\u00fcremi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Seyyid Mehmed R\u0131za’n\u0131n (\u00f6.1783) 1737 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Es-Seb\u02bf\u00fc’s-Seyy\u00e2r F\u00ee Ahb\u00e2r-\u0131 M\u00fcl\u00fbki’t-Tatar”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0isimli eserinde bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fahsiyetten t\u00fcreyen insanlar\u0131n hangi co\u011frafyalarda mesk\u00fbn olduklar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde dile getirilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00e2l\u0131h bin Erfah\u015fed bin S\u00e2m ve ‘\u00c2d bin Erfah\u015fed bin Sem\u00fbd ve Ced\u00ees ve C\u00e2sim ve Tasm ve Sah\u00e2r ve Okar ile ar\u00e2z\u00ee-i bil\u00e2d ve k\u0131l\u00e2’-i Hic\u00e2z ve Yemen ve Tih\u00e2me ve Necd ve ‘Ar\u00fbz’a ‘\u00e2r\u0131z kez\u00e2lik ‘Irak bin ‘Aylam bin S\u00e2m bil\u00e2d-\u0131 Isfah\u00e2n ve Rey ve Kazv\u00een ve Hemed\u00e2n ve L\u00fbrist\u00e2n ve Erdel\u00e2n ve Deylem ve G\u00eel’an’a m\u00fcte’\u00e2r\u0131z ve Hor\u00e2s\u00e2n bin ‘Aylam bil\u00e2d-\u0131 Sicist\u00e2n ve Z\u00e2bulist\u00e2n ve Bedah\u015f\u00e2n ve \u00a0Toh\u00e2rist\u00e2n ve Belh ve Her\u00e2t ve Ni\u015f\u00e2bur ve Merv ve M\u00e2zender\u00e2n ve Taberist\u00e2n’a rev\u00e2n old\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ve Hevkel bin ‘Aylem bil\u00e2d-\u0131 M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fc’n-nehr ve H\u00e2rezm’e ‘azm ve \u00a0Ahv\u00e2z bin B\u00fbruh bin S\u00e2m bil\u00e2d-\u0131 H\u00fbzist\u00e2n ve F\u00e2rs ve Kirm\u00e2n’da tavattuna cezm id\u00fcp ve Armen bin Nevzd bin S\u00e2m bil\u00e2d-\u0131 \u00c2zerb\u00e2yc\u00e2n ve Arr\u00e2n ve \u015eirv\u00e2n ve G\u00fcrcist\u00e2n ve Ahl\u00e2t ve Erc\u00ees ve Tebl\u00ees ve Erzene’r-r\u00fbm’\u0131 merzb\u00fbm ve ‘Aml\u0131k bin L\u00e2vez bin S\u00e2m mukaddem\u00e2 \u00a0arz-\u0131 ‘Am\u00e2l\u0131k’da \u00e2r\u00e2m itmi\u015fiken bi-hasebi’l-iktiz\u00e2 vatar-\u0131 kaz\u00e2 i\u00e7\u00fcn bil\u00e2d-\u0131 Anatol\u0131 ve Karam\u00e2n ve Trabzon ve Siv\u00e2s’da tavattun ile ra\u011fbet-i diy\u00e2r-\u0131 R\u00fbm id\u00fcp Ken’\u00e2n bin Nefr bin S\u00e2m bil\u00e2d-\u0131 \u00a0‘Ir\u00e2k-\u0131 ‘Arab ve Cez\u00eeret\u00fc’l- ‘Arab ve \u015e\u00e2hid’de kar\u00e2r ve T\u00fcrk bin Y\u00e2fes dahi \u00c7\u00een ve Kem\u00e2r\u00ee ve Minsek ve Sicist\u00e2n ve Hazez n\u00e2m bir\u00e2derleri ile semt-i \u015fark ve \u015fim\u00e2lde bil\u00e2d-\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan ve H\u0131t\u00e2y ve \u0130bir ve Sibir ve Bul\u011f\u00e2r ve De\u015ft-i K\u0131p\u00e7ak’da istikr\u00e2r bulup B\u00e2ric dahi Sakl\u00e2b ve R\u00fbs n\u00e2m kar\u0131nda\u015flar\u0131 ile bil\u00e2d-\u0131 R\u00fbmili ve Eng\u00fcr\u00fbs ve Leh ve Ukranya ve K\u0131r\u0131m ve Moskov’a ‘\u00e2zim ve K\u00fbt bin H\u00e2m bir\u00e2derleri Berber ve K\u00fc\u015f ve Zenc ve Habe\u015f ile c\u00e2nib-i \u011farb u cen\u00fbbda bil\u00e2d-\u0131 Cer\u00eed ve F\u00e2s ve Cez\u00e2yir ve T\u00fbnus ve Tr\u00e2blus ve Berka ve M\u0131sr ve S\u00fbd\u00e2n’da \u00e2r\u00e2ma c\u00e2zim old\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ve Bure Frenk bin K\u00fbt bil\u00e2d-\u0131 Eng\u00fcr\u00fbs ve A\u011falya ve \u0130talya ve Cermanya ve \u0130sfendiya’da Dornik ve ebn\u00e2-y\u0131 K\u00fc\u015f’den Sinev bil\u00e2d-\u0131 Mekr\u00e2n’da g\u00fczer\u00e2n-\u0131 vakt itme\u011fe \u00e2heng ed\u00fcp D\u00eedeha ve T\u00fbr\u00e2n ve Hind n\u00e2m bir\u00e2derler bil\u00e2d-\u0131 C\u00fczer\u00e2t ve M\u00eenib\u00e2r ve Ma’ber’i makarr itdiler. M\u00fcr\u00fbr-\u0131 eyy\u00e2m ile evl\u00e2d-\u0131 S\u00e2m on dokuz ve Y\u00e2fesiy\u00e2n otuz alt\u0131 ve H\u00e2miy\u00e2n on yedi f\u0131rka v\u00fc aks\u00e2m olup h\u00fcb\u00fbtdan ol zam\u00e2na gelince yek-zeb\u00e2n elf\u00e2z-\u0131 S\u00fcry\u00e2n\u00ee iken tebd\u00eel-i mek\u00e2n ve \u015fiddet-i b\u00e2d-\u0131 t\u00fbf\u00e2n-ni\u015f\u00e2n-\u0131 kahr-\u0131 Yezd\u00e2n m\u00fbceb-i tebelb\u00fcl-i lis\u00e2n olma\u011fla ancak s\u00fckk\u00e2n-\u0131 ar\u00e2z\u00ee-i B\u00e2bil olan f\u0131rka-i Ken’\u00e2niy\u00e2n mis\u00e2l-i bel\u00e2bil \u00fc ‘an\u00e2dil-i h\u00e2neg\u00ee lis\u00e2n-\u0131 S\u00fcry\u00e2n\u00ee ile g\u00fby\u00e2n ve m\u00e2’ad\u00e2s\u0131 m\u00fcr\u011f-i vah\u015f\u00ee-v\u00e2r a\u011fs\u00e2n-\u0131 \u015fecere-i ‘\u00e2lemde terenn\u00fcm\u00e2t-\u0131 g\u00fbn-\u00e2-g\u00fbn ile na\u011fme-senc\u00e2n oldular (Yavuz S\u00f6ylemez, 2016, ss:7-8).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mil\u00e2d\u00ee yedinci as\u0131rdan itibaren \u00f6rnekleri verilmeye ba\u015flanan ilk d\u00f6nem \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklara g\u00f6re mevcut olan b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar temelde \u015fu yedi ana gruptan t\u00fcremi\u015ftir: Hint, \u00c7in, Keld\u00e2n\u00ee\/S\u00fcry\u00e2n\u00ee, Arap, Fars, Yunan\/Roma ve sonradan bunlara T\u00fcrk’ler eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fc’l-K\u00e2s\u0131m S\u00e2id b. Ahmed b. Abdurrahman b. Muhammed el-Endel\u00fcs\u00ee el-Kurtub\u00ee et-Tuleyt\u0131l\u00ee’nin (\u00f6.1070) on birinci as\u0131rda Arap\u00e7a olarak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Tabak\u00e2ti’l-\u00dcmem\/Milletlerin Bilim Tarihi”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rmekteyiz (Ramazan \u015ee\u015fen; 2019).<\/p>\n

Amasyal\u0131 \u015e\u00fckrullah’\u0131n (\u00f6.1460) 15. as\u0131rda telif etti\u011fi Fars\u00e7a\u00a0“Behcet\u00fc’t-Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde de bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma aynen s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fckrullah’a g\u00f6re Hz. \u00c2dem’den Hz. Muhammed’e kadar olan zaman dilimine dair Mec\u00fbsiler’e g\u00f6re 6172; \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131’na g\u00f6re 4340; Hristiyanlara g\u00f6re 5972 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan Abdullah b. Abb\u00e2s b. Abdulmuttalib’e g\u00f6re (en do\u011fru rivayet olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f) 6075 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ona g\u00f6re bu aradaki zaman dilimi ise \u00c2dem’den Nuh’a 2250; Nuh’tan Hz. \u0130brah\u00eem’e 1809; \u0130brah\u00eem’den Musa’ya 565 y\u0131l; Musa’dan S\u00fcleyman’\u0131n Mescid\u00fc’l-Mukaddes’i yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamana 536; S\u00fcleyman’dan \u0130skender’e 717; \u0130skender’den Hz. \u0130sa’ya 494; \u0130sa’dan Hz. Muhammed’e 361 y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Adem ile Havva, Antoloji (GF L.A.161) G\u00fclbenkyan Koleksiyonu, Lizbon. Londra British Museum’da yer alan Antoloji ise (BL Add. 27261), 1410-11.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Mehmet Za\u00eem Efendi’nin 1578 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “C\u00e2mi’\u00fc’t-Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh”<\/em><\/strong>inde co\u011frafi iklimlerin yedi oldu\u011fu gibi; Hz. \u00c2dem’den sonra insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yedi f\u0131rkaya ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

(\u2026) her g\u00fcr\u00fbh\u0131 bir memlekete mens\u00fbb olma\u011fla ol diy\u00e2r ol n\u00e2mla zikr ol\u0131nd\u0131. Bu f\u0131rkanun biri \u00c7in ve biri T\u00fcrk ve biri R\u00fbm ve biri ‘Arab ve biri F\u00e2rs ve biri Hind ve biri Habe\u015fe’d\u00fcr (Ay\u015fe Nur S\u0131r, 2007, ss:34).\u00a0<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

K\u00fcrd b. \u0130sfendiy\u00e2r Teorisi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mes’\u00fbd\u00ee lakab\u0131yla bilinen Eb\u00fc’l-Hasan Ali b. el-H\u00fcseyin b. Ali’nin (\u00f6.956) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fabilen\u00a0“M\u00fcr\u00fbc\u00fc’z-Zeheb”\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0“et-Tenb\u00eeh ve’l-\u0130\u015fr\u00e2f”\u00a0<\/em>isimli eserlerinde\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd’<\/em>lerin k\u00f6keni ve etnik ad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mes’\u00fbd\u00ee;\u00a0“et-Tenb\u00eeh ve’l-\u0130\u015fr\u00e2f”<\/strong><\/em>\u0131nda Fars H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131’n\u0131n ikinci ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olan\u00a0“Bel’an”<\/em>lardan s\u00f6z ederken 120 y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtti\u011fi Men\u00fb\u00e7ehr’in \u00cerec b. Fer\u00eedun’un soyundan oldu\u011funu ve Fer\u00eedun’la aras\u0131nda 13 nesil bulundu\u011funu belirtirken\u00a0‘Fars Halklar\u0131 ile h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun’<\/em>\u00a0Men\u00fb\u00e7ehr’in 7 o\u011flunun soyundan oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f ve Farslara g\u00f6re\u00a0“K\u00fcrdler de K\u00fcrd b. \u0130sfendiy\u00e2r b. Men\u00fb\u00e7ehr’in \u00e7ocu\u011fudur”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0bilgisini, K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerini ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyalar\u0131 payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u00c7ev: Mithat Eser, 2020, ss:108).<\/p>\n

D. Ahsen Batur’un eserin orijinaline ne kadar sad\u0131k kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemedi\u011fimiz\u00a0“Alt\u0131n Bozk\u0131rlar”\u00a0<\/em>isimli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Mes’\u00fbd\u00ee;\u00a0“M\u00fcr\u00fbc\u00fc’z-Zeheb”<\/em>\u0131nda (2004) K\u00fcrtlerin k\u00f6kenine dair farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri bir arada vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

“Kimine g\u00f6re K\u00fcrdler, Rebia b. Nizar b. Maad b. Adnan b. Bekr b. Vail’in soyundan gelmektedirler”\u00a0<\/em>diyen Mes’\u00fbd\u00ee; ayr\u0131ca Dehhak efsanesini de \u015fu \u015fekilde aktar\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka rivayete g\u00f6re, daha \u00f6nce bu kitapta hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok bahsedilen, Arap ve Acemlerin hangi taraftan oldu\u011fu konusun da bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc mutabakata varamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dahhak’\u0131n omuzlar\u0131nda iki y\u0131lan \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131lanlar, insanlar\u0131n beyniyle beslendi\u011fi s\u00fcrece Dahhak’a herhangi bir ac\u0131 vermezler. Bu y\u00fczden Dahhak, Farslar’dan bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130nsanlar bir araya gelerek Efridun’un \u00f6nderli\u011finde Dahhak’a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmaya karar verdiler. Kendilerine deriden bir sancak yapt\u0131lar. Buna Farslar ‘Diref\u015f kaviyan’ derler.<\/p>\n

Efridun, Dahhak’\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi [III, 252] ve s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz D\u00fcnbavend da\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131. Dahhak’\u0131n veziri her g\u00fcn bir koyun ve insan bo\u011fazlar, beyinlerini kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak, Dahhak’\u0131n omuzlar\u0131ndaki iki y\u0131lan\u0131n kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurur ve kurtulanlar\u0131 da\u011flara g\u00f6nderirdi. \u0130\u015fte bu da\u011flara ka\u00e7anlar orada vah\u015file\u015ftiler ve \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131lar. K\u00fcrdler bu \u015fekilde t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Sonra soylar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplara ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

(2004, 191-2)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Dahh\u00e2k Efs\u00e2nesi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eldeki yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklara olan bilgilerimize g\u00f6re K\u00fcrtlerin kendi as\u0131llar\u0131 ve tarihlerine y\u00f6nelik yazd\u0131klar\u0131 ilk eser Eb\u00fb Hanife Dinewer\u00ee’nin (820-896) \u015fimdiye kadar literat\u00fcre dahil edilmeyen ancak 19’ncu y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak bilinen\u00a0“Ensabu’l-Ekr\u00e2d\/K\u00fcrdlerin Soyk\u00f6t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0isimli eseridir.<\/p>\n

Dinewer\u00ee;\u00a0“el-Ahb\u00e2r et-T\u0131v\u00e2l”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>isimli eserinde ise Dahh\u00e2k’\u0131n veziri Ermiy\u00e2y\u00eel’in Dahh\u00e2k’tan kurtar\u0131p da\u011fa g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi insanlar\u0131n K\u00fcrtlerin atalar\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilgisini vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ebdullah b. Abd\u00fclaziz b. Muhammed el-Bekr\u00ee (\u00f6.1094) ise\u00a0“el-Mes\u00e2lik ve’l-Mem\u00e2lik el-K\u00fcbra”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>adl\u0131 eserinde Dahh\u00e2k’tan Fars da\u011flar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131p \u00e7o\u011falan K\u00fcrd gruplar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0“\u015euhcanlar, Macirdan ve Mazenderan, Keykan, Barisan, M\u00fcstekan ve di\u011ferleri”\u00a0<\/em>adlar\u0131yla s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Abd\u00fclmelik bin Muhammed b. \u0130sm\u00e2’il Se’\u00e2lib\u00ee N\u00ee\u015f\u00e2b\u00fbr\u00ee’nin (961-1038) ilk iki cildi g\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fabilen d\u00f6rt ciltlik\u00a0“Gurret\u00fc’l-Ahb\u00e2r M\u00fcl\u00fbk\u00fc’l-Furs ve S\u00eeyerihim”<\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde K\u00fcrtlerin k\u00f6kenine dair Dehh\u00e2k Efs\u00e2nesi’nin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayfa. H. Zotenberg, 1900, ss:26.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Firdews\u00ee’nin (\u00f6.411\/1021) 370-80\/980-90 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve son \u015feklini 1018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen 60 bin beyitlik Fars\u00e7a\u00a0“\u015eehn\u00e2me”<\/strong><\/em>sinin Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131ndan II. Murad’\u0131n emriyle\u00a0“F\u00e2ris\u00ee’den (Pehlev\u00eece dili) T\u00fcrk\u00eeyye (Osmanl\u0131ca)”<\/em>ye 854\/1450-51 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve m\u00fctercimi ile m\u00fcstensihi \u015fimdiye kadar bilinmeyen 330 varakl\u0131 mensur terc\u00fcmesinin (Birinci K\u0131s\u0131m: Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131 M\u00fczesi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi Hazine, 1116; \u0130kinci K\u0131s\u0131m: TSMH, 1518)\u00a0“Ni\u015ften Dahh\u00e2k Ber-taht-\u0131 Cem\u015f\u00eed (8b, 9a-9b; 2020, ss:153-4)”\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerle ilgili\u00a0“Dehh\u00e2k Efsanesi”<\/em>ne de\u011finilmi\u015f; \u00ceran\/Aryan’\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesi \u00a0tarihinin d\u00f6rt \u00f6nemli tabakas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan\u00a0‘P\u00ee\u015fd\u00e2d\u00ee’, ‘Key\u00e2n\u00ee’, ‘E\u015fk\u00e2n\u00ee’\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0‘S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee’<\/em>lerin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ve komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n\/pehlivanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n isimlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne veya arkas\u0131na\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd(\u00ee)’<\/em>\u00a0s\u0131fat\u0131 getirilmi\u015f; S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerin kurucusu Erde\u015f\u00ear\u00ea Babek\u00e2n’\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe K\u00fcrdlerle sava\u015f\u0131na de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviride (\u0130kinci Cild, TSMK, 1518), P\u00ee\u015fd\u00e2d\u00eeler hanedan\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131ndan\u00a0“Fer\u00eedun”,\u00a0“Fer\u00eed\u00fbn-\u00ea K\u00fcrd (2017; 14b, 17b, 33a)”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerin \u00f6nce ordu komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ard\u0131ndan da bir y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olan\u00a0“Behr\u00e2m-\u0131 K\u00fcrd\u00ee\/Behr\u00e2m-\u0131 \u00c7\u00fbb\u00een”<\/em>\u00a0ile k\u0131z karde\u015fi\u00a0“K\u00fcrdiyye”<\/em>\u00a0ile erkek karde\u015fi “K\u00fcrd\u00fby”; “K\u00fcrdev\u00ee”<\/em>\u00a0isimli kahraman ve\u00a0“Harr\u00e2d-\u0131 K\u00fcrd”<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 pehlivan (Mustafa Ku\u011fu, 2017, ss:212, 483, 532, 692, 714, 740) i\u00e7in s\u0131fat veya \u00f6zel ad olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r .<\/p>\n

Terc\u00fcmenin birinci cildinde (TSMK, 1116)\u00a0“Dehh\u00e2k Efsanesi”\u00a0<\/em>\u015fu \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u00e2z\u00e2d \u00eatdiler dediler ki olmasun ki \u015fehre ve \u015fenli\u011fe ve \u00eale ve v\u00eel\u00e2yete giresin sen\u00fcn y\u00ear\u00fcn ta\u011f ve m\u00ee\u015felerd\u00fcr her g\u00fcn bir yi\u011fit beynisine bir koyun beynisini katup v\u00ear\u00fcrlerdi her ayda otuz yi\u011fit anlar\u00fbn ‘in\u00e2yetiyle hal\u00e2s bulup c\u00e2n kurt\u0131ld\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00eaki y\u00fcz kadar er derildi bir gizl\u00fc yerde cem’ \u00ead\u00fcp bunlara birka\u00e7 ke\u00e7i ve koyun v\u00ear\u00fcp ta\u011fa sal\u0131ver\u00fcrdi bel\u00fcrsiz olup ta\u011f\u0131lurlard\u0131 K\u00fcrd\u00fcn asl\u0131 andandur ki \u015fimdi dah\u0131 \u015fehre ve \u00e2b\u00e2d\u00e2nl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7end\u00e2n gelmezler birer kara lib\u00e2sdan evleri var ne Tanr\u0131 korkus\u0131n bil\u00fcrler ve ne (\u2026)<\/em><\/p>\n

(Fatih Budak, 2020, ss:154).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Hasan Es\u00eer\u00ee’nin (1652-) 1720-1722 \/ 1730-1732 tarihli\u00a0“Mi’y\u00e2r\u00fc’d-D\u00fcvel ve Misb\u00e2r\u00fc’l-Milel”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli tarih-co\u011frafya eserinde Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcler gibi\u00a0“K\u00fcrd dahi Acem’den m\u00fcn\u015fe’abdur dirler. Ger\u00e7i lis\u00e2lar\u0131 ve dinleri ba\u015fkadur amm\u00e2 s\u00eem\u00e2da ve sad\u00e2da ve harek\u00e2t u seken\u00e2tda ve lib\u00e2sda ve ekser ahv\u00e2lde Acem’e m\u00fc\u015f\u00e2behetlleri vard\u0131r (ss:771)”\u00a0<\/em>ifadeleriyle beraber K\u00fcrdlerin k\u00f6kenine dair\u00a0‘Dehh\u00e2k Efsanesi’<\/em>ne g\u00f6ndermede bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ali Saib’in 1304\/1886 tarihli\u00a0“Co\u011frafya-y\u0131 Mufassal\/Mem\u00e2lik-i Devlet-i Osm\u00e2niye”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>isimli eserinde\u00a0“K\u00fcrdlerin asabiyetinde ihtilaf v\u00e2ki olup \u0130bn Haldun’un yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sahih olan; K\u00fcrdler, Fars kavmindendir (ss:362)”\u00a0<\/em>diye yaz\u0131l\u0131rken; Ebu Salih Bekir S\u0131dk\u0131 Pirav\u00e2di de 1332\/1913 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki\u00a0“Mill\u00ee, Ameli, Vatani, Osmanl\u0131 Co\u011frafyas\u0131”\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>isimli kitab\u0131nda\u00a0“Bunlar Medya ve Acem torunlar\u0131d\u0131r”\u00a0<\/em>bilgisini vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1328\/1910 tarihli\u00a0“Resimli ve Harital\u0131 Co\u011frafya-y\u0131 Osman\u00ee”<\/strong><\/em>de\u00a0“K\u00fcrdler eski Carduqueslerden gelir”\u00a0<\/em>denilirken \u0130bn\u00fc’l-N\u00fczhet Ceva’\u0131n 1330\/1913 tarihli\u00a0“Harital\u0131 Musavver Mem\u00e2lik-i Osm\u00e2n\u00ee’nin Co\u011frafyas\u0131”\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>kitab\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin\u00a0“Medya-Acem ahfad\u0131 (torunlar\u0131)”\u00a0<\/em>oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc dile getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ahmet Refik Alt\u0131nay (1880-1937) 1328\/1913’te haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“B\u00fcy\u00fck Tarih-i Umum\u00ee”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0kitab\u0131nda\u00a0‘Kissiler (Kassitler)’<\/em>i\u00a0‘yani \u015fimdiki K\u00fcrdler’<\/em>\u00a0diye tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 K\u00fcrd Said Pa\u015fa; 1887-9 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 ciltlik\u00a0“Mir’at\u00fc’l-\u0130ber”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0isimli genel tarihinde K\u00fcrdlerin \u0130ran nesline mensup K\u00fcrd’\u00fcn evlad\u0131ndan geldi\u011fi notu bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mehmet Remzi ile Mehmed V\u00e2s\u0131f’\u0131n beraber haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 1325\/1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan\u00a0“Yeni Co\u011frafya-y\u0131 Osm\u00e2n\u00ee”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli eserde ise\u00a0‘K\u00fcrdlerin Asl\u0131 ve Men\u015fei’\u00a0<\/em>\u015fu \u015fekilde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtlerin ne v\u00e2kitten beri K\u00fcrdistan’da s\u00e2kin bulunduklar\u0131 tarih\u00e7e me\u00e7hul ise de eski zamanlarda K\u00fcrtlerin bulunduklar\u0131 havalide kurulmu\u015f olan Asuriye ve Mediye h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri mevcut oldu\u011fu v\u00e2kitte de K\u00fcrtlerin da\u011flarda gezindikleri tarihin c\u00fcmle-i beyanat\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yunanl\u0131 me\u015fhur yazar Ksenefon bundan 2400 sene evvel Elaziz ve Diyarbekir vil\u00e2yetlerinin bulundu\u011fu yerleri Karduk isminde bir kavmin vatan etti\u011fini beyan ediyor ki bunlar\u0131n K\u00fcrt olduklar\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur. K\u00fcrtler Anadolu yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fark\u0131ndaki vil\u00e2yet ile Yukar\u0131 Cezire’de ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. K\u00fcrtler dahi Ari kavimlerden say\u0131l\u0131r olup ne Medyal\u0131lar\u0131n ne de Asurilerin torunlar\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/em><\/p>\n

(ss:35)<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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1450 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131caya yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Mensur \u015eehn\u00e2me \u00e7evirisinde K\u00fcrtlerin k\u00f6kenine dair anlat\u0131m (Fatih Budak, 2020, ss:788)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Arde\u015f\u00ear\u00ea Babekan:<\/strong><\/p>\n

9, 10’ncu as\u0131rdan itibaren olu\u015fturulan \u0130sl\u00e2m\/Arap\u00e7a\/Fars\u00e7a tarih tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131na h\u00fckmeden devletlere\/hanedanlara yer verilirken P\u00ee\u015fd\u00e2d\u00ee, Keyan\u00ee, E\u015fkan\u00ee ve Sass\u00e2n\u00ee’lerin be\u015f bin y\u0131l boyunca h\u00fckmettiklerinden s\u00f6z edilir.<\/p>\n

Muhammed b. Cer\u00eer Taber\u00ee’nin (\u00f6.923) 903-16 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“T\u00e2r\u00eehu’l-\u00dcmem ve’l-M\u00fcl\u00fbk”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde Sass\u00e2n\u00ee devletinin kurucusu I. Arde\u015f\u00ear\u00ea Babekan’\u0131n (h.224-240)\u00a0“K\u00fcrd”\u00a0<\/em>oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir (Cemalettin Sayl\u0131k; 2019).<\/p>\n

Bu arada ilerde \u00fczerine duraca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konuya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fu bilgiyi de vermeliyiz ki, Taber\u00ee’nin Belam\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olan Fars\u00e7a versiyonundan \u00d6zbek h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan K\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn\u00e7i Han’\u0131n (\u00f6.1531) kit\u00e2bd\u00e2r\u0131 olan V\u00e2hid-i Belh\u00ee’nin 1522 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00c7a\u011fatayca terc\u00fcmede\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd’<\/em>\u00a0kelimesi\u00a0‘Kert’<\/em>\u00a0olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Taber\u00ee’nin 17’nci. y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerinden Hezarfen H\u00fcseyin Efendi’nin (\u00f6.1691) 1670-3 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Tenk\u00eeh\u00fc’t-Tev\u00e2rih-i M\u00fcl\u00fbk”\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>isimli eserinde ise, Erde\u015f\u00eer’in\u00a0‘Cesur K\u00fcrd’<\/em>ler sayesinde devletini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fi bilgisi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eemdan\u00eez\u00e2de F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 S\u00f6leyman’\u0131n (\u00f6. 1779);\u00a0“M\u00fcr’i’t-Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh”\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>isimli eserinde de benzer bilgiler verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00ceran\u015f\u00e2hr\/Sassan\u00ee devleti hakk\u0131nda o d\u00f6nemde bilgi veren Roma\/Bizans kaynaklar\u0131 ile Erde\u015f\u00ear’in kaya yaz\u0131tlar\u0131; Erde\u015f\u00ear’in kendisini daha \u00f6nceki (Achaemenid, Pers: Keyaniyan) devletlerin varisi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer Taber\u00ee’nin anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru kabul edersek, Erde\u015f\u00ear K\u00fcrd idiyse hangi dille konu\u015ftu\/yazd\u0131?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u015eemdan\u00eez\u00e2de F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 S\u00f6leyman’\u0131n (\u00f6. 1779);\u00a0“M\u00fcr’i’t-Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh”<\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde\u00a0“Erde\u015f\u00ear\u00ea Babekan’\u0131n K\u00fcrdler’<\/em>i kendisine taibi k\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u0130ran’a hakim olmas\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayfa, 1919, ss:103.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

18\u00a0ve 19’ncu y\u00fczy\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrd mirliklerinin destekleriyle yaz\u0131lan ve literat\u00fcrde\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd\u00ee Tarih Kaynaklar\u0131’\u00a0<\/em>olarak yer edinmeye ba\u015flayan Fars\u00e7a-K\u00fcrd\u00e7e kaynaklarda K\u00fcrd a\u015firetleri k\u00f6kenlerini Erde\u015f\u00ear’e ba\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fb Sa\u00eed Abd\u00fclhay b. ed-Dahh\u00e2k b. Mahm\u00fbd Gerd\u00eez\u00ee (\u00f6.1061)<\/strong>;\u00a0“Zeyn\u00fc’l-Ahb\u00e2r”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde ise Erde\u015f\u00ear\u00ea Babekan’\u0131n ‘Key\u00e2n\u00eey\u00e2n’\u0131n ilk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Melik Keykub\u00e2d b. Da’ b. B\u00fbdk\u00e2 b. Mal\u015fu b. Nevder b. Man\u00fb\u00e7ehr Melik o\u011fullar\u0131ndan ‘K\u00eeru\u015f’un neslinden oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir (\u00d6znur Alkan, 2014, ss: 25-6).<\/p>\n

Mirza Ali Ekber Vekayinigar’\u0131n (1846-1899) 1869 tarihli\u00a0“Bedayiu’l-Lugat”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0ve M\u00e2h \u015eeref Han\u0131m K\u00fcrdist\u00e2n\u00ee’nin (1805-1847)\u00a0“T\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Erdelan”<\/strong><\/em>\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu eserlerde Erde\u015f\u00ear\u00ea Babekan on birinci soydan K\u00fcrd’\u00ea ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde\u00a0‘Ekr\u00e2d-\u0131 Zaza\/Dunbul\u00ee’\u00a0<\/em>K\u00fcrdlerinin \u0130ran’da haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fars\u00e7a kaynaklarda \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesi \u0130ran padi\u015fahlar\u0131ndan\u00a0‘Ebu\u015firvan’<\/em>a kadar dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Veysel Ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131; 2019, ss:68).<\/p>\n

William Empson (1906-1984) 1928 tarihinde yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“The Culf of the Peacock Angel\/A short account of the Yez\u00eed\u00ee tribes of Kurdist\u00e2n”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0isimli eserinde \u00cazd\u00ee K\u00fcrdlerin kendisine Sasani hanedan\u0131n K\u00fcrd oldu\u011fu ve Sasani krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da K\u00fcrdlere ait oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylediklerini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Muhammed \u015eer\u00eef Qadi’nin (1739-1813) 1811-3 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Tarih-i K\u00fcrd”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli Fars\u00e7a kitab\u0131nda \u015fu bilgiler verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler ve nakilciler K\u00fcrdlerin k\u00f6kenlerini Zehak d\u00f6neminde Zehhak\/Dehhak’\u0131n zalimli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden da\u011flara, da\u011flar\u0131n \u00e7evrelerine, vadilere saklan\u0131p gizlenmi\u015f birka\u00e7 adama dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Onlardan birisinin ad\u0131 K\u00fcrd idi. Bundan dolay\u0131 K\u00fcrdler onun soyundan kabul edilmektedirler. Onun soyundan gelenler d\u00f6rt kabileye taksim edilmi\u015f, \u015f\u00f6yle isimlendirilmi\u015flerdir: Birincisi Baban, Kurmanc ad\u0131yla me\u015fhurdurlar. \u0130kincisi Kelhur taifesi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc Lor taifesi, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc Goran taifesidir.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mela Mehm\u00fbd\u00ea Bazid\u00ee’nin (1797-1863) 1858’de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Tewar\u00eexa Ced\u00eed\u00ea Kurd\u00eestan”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli kay\u0131p kitab\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fabilen \u00f6ns\u00f6z k\u0131sm\u0131nda\u00a0“K\u00fcrdlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130sa’dan \u00f6nceye uzan\u0131r”<\/em>\u00a0bilgisi ile 1858’de tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“‘Ad\u00e2t \u00fb R\u00fcs\u00fbm\u00e2tn\u00e2me-yi Ekr\u00e2diye”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>eserinde yanl\u0131\u015f olarak K\u00fcrdlerin k\u00f6keni arap a\u015firetlerine ba\u011flanarak verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Muhammed b. Muhammed el-H\u00fcseyn\u00ee ez-Zeb\u00eedi (\u00f6.1791) 18’nci y\u00fczy\u0131lda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“T\u00e2cu’l- ‘Ar\u00fbs”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli Arap\u00e7a s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde\u00a0‘el-K\u00fcrd’\u00a0<\/em>maddesinde\u00a0‘(Kef harfinin dammesi ile) m\u00fcfrettir. K\u00fcrd bilinen bir nesil ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k baz\u0131 kabilelerdir. \u00c7o\u011fulu Ekrad’dur.(\u2026)’\u00a0<\/em>dedikten sonra\u00a0“Me\u015fhur topluluk i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan K\u00fcrd kelimesi ‘kovmak, m\u00fcdafaa etmek anlam\u0131nda olan Kard kelimesinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u015feklinde bilgi vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca K\u00fcrtlerin asl\u0131 \u00fczerine kendi d\u00f6nemine kadar dile getirilmi\u015f olan iddialara yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu iddialar s\u0131ralan\u0131rken \u0130bn Kuteybe’nin (\u00f6.889)\u00a0“Kit\u00e2bu’l-M’\u00e2rif”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0adl\u0131 eserinde K\u00fcrtlerin Acemlerin Bivr\u00e2sef’in\/Dehh\u00e2k’\u0131n yemeklerinin art\u0131klar\u0131ndan kalan bir nesil oldu\u011funu ifade etti\u011fini zikretmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Zebid\u00ee; Muhammed Efend\u00ee el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee’nin (\u00f6.?)\u00a0“Nesebu’l-Ekr\u00e2d”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli kitab\u0131nda dile getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu\u00a0“K\u00fcrd b. Ken’\u00e2n b. K\u00fb\u015f b. H\u00e2m. b. N\u00fbh’un \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmalar\u0131”<\/em>\u00a0iddias\u0131na da yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Farslar\u0131n\u00a0“K\u00fcrd b. \u0130sfendiy\u00e2r b. Men\u00fbcehr’in neslinden olmalar\u0131”\u00a0<\/em>iddias\u0131ndan sonra kendisinin de kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu\u00a0“K\u00fcrdlerin S\u00e2m’\u0131n neslinden olmalar\u0131”<\/em>\u00a0iddias\u0131yla sonland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (M. Edip \u00c7a\u011fmar; 2017).<\/p>\n

Medler:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Antiocheia Kilisesi ba\u015frahibi S\u00fcryani Mikhail’in (1126-1199)\u00a0“Maktbanut Zabne\/D\u00fcnya Tarihi”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>isimli kitab\u0131nda Hz. Nuh’un o\u011fullar\u0131ndan t\u00fcremi\u015f olan milletlere yer verilirken\u00a0‘Medler’<\/em>in\u00a0‘Japhet\/Yasef’<\/em>in z\u00fcrriyetinden\u00a0‘Meda\u00ef’<\/em>den t\u00fcredikleri yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi,\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd’lere Mark’<\/em>; di\u011fer ad\u0131yla\u00a0‘Medler\/Mages’\u00a0<\/em>denildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca 636 (m.s.1187) y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Medlere (Mark’)\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0‘T\u00fcrkler (T\u00fcrkmen)’\u00a0<\/em>aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olan sava\u015flara de\u011finilen ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde; Nisibis’te\/Nusaybin’de\u00a0‘K\u00fcrdler’\u00a0<\/em>ile\u00a0‘T\u00fcrkler’\u00a0<\/em>aras\u0131nda \u00a0sava\u015f\u0131n cereyan etti\u011fi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni m\u00fcverrih Korykoslu Hetum\/Hayton (1240-1320) ise 1307’lerde Frans\u0131zca ve Latince yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Flos Historiarum Terre Orientis\/Do\u011fu Tarihinin \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>isimli eserinin\u00a0‘Med Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’<\/em>\u00a0bahsinde, kendi d\u00f6neminde Med’lerin\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd(ler)’\u00a0<\/em>olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledikten sonra Medlerin iki \u00f6nemli merkez \u015fehrini\u00a0‘Soraket (\u015eiraz)’\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0‘Hewreman\/Kirman\u015fah’<\/em>a i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mikayel \u00c7am\u00e7\u0131yan (1738-1823) da 1784 y\u0131l\u0131nda bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lan\u00a0“Hayots Patmutyun\u0131\/Ermeni Tarihi” kitab\u0131nda “Medler; ayr\u0131ca Kurd veya Keurd ad\u0131yla biliniyor”<\/em>\u00a0\u015feklinde yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

On \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc as\u0131rda Arap\u00e7a Eb\u00fc’l-Ferac ad\u0131yla bilinen Bar Hebraeus’un (1225-1285)\u00a0“Makhtebhanuth Zabhne”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>ismiyle S\u00fcryanice ve daha sonra\u00a0“El-Muhtasaru fi Ed-D\u00fcvel\/Hanedanlar\u0131n Muhtasar Tarihi”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0ismiyle Arap\u00e7aya aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel tarihinde\u00a0“Medlerin K\u0131rallar\u0131”\u00a0<\/em>bahsinde\u00a0“Belshasar’dan sonra Medli Darius ki Napharhidas’t\u0131r (Nabonidus), Belteshazar’\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra bir y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Kendisi bu s\u0131rada 16 y\u0131ldan beri h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte idi. Darisu bu y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Daniyal’\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u015fraf\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcn bir vaziyete getirdi. Bu y\u00fczden Daniyal’e hassedildi ve ilk defa olarak aslanlar inine at\u0131ld\u0131. Onun kurtulmas\u0131 ile kendisine hasededenler de hel\u00e2k oldular. (\u00c7ev:\u00d6mer R\u0131za Do\u011frul; 1945, ss:101)”<\/em>\u00a0ifadeleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde\u00a0Evliya \u00c7eleb\u00ee<\/a>\u00a0(1611-1682) de K\u00fcrdistan’daki seyahatlerine dayanarak\u00a0“Seyahatn\u00e2me”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0isimli eserinde; M.\u00d6. 605-562 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Babil’de h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan\u00a0‘Nebukadnezzar\/Buhrunnasr’<\/em>\u0131,\u00a0“Buhtunnas\u0131r-\u0131 Kurd\u00ee”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0olarak tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi’nin (1609-1657) 1654-5 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Johann Carion’un (1499-1537) 1531’de Almanca olarak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Chronica”<\/em>s\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131ca \u00e7evirisi olan\u00a0“T\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Frengi Terc\u00fcmesi”<\/strong><\/em>nde\u00a0“Zir\u00e2 Daryos Medya’l\u0131 ve Siros Fars idi. Yunan\u00eeyon ancak Fars p\u00e2di\u015f\u00e2hlar\u0131n yazar ve Medya saltanat\u0131 Fars saltanat\u0131na ilh\u00e2k olunma\u011fla, Medya’dan olan p\u00e2di\u015f\u00e2hlar\u0131 yazmazlar”<\/em>\u00a0bilgisi mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fc’l-Ferac;\u00a0“\u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00a0K\u0131rallar\u0131”\u00a0<\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Medyeli Darius’dan sonra \u0130ranl\u0131 Kurus’un 31\/33\/39 y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc; Babil’i merkez edinerek Keldanileirn, Asurlular\u0131n ve Medlerin saltanatlar\u0131na son verip \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n saltanat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Kurus’tan sonra o\u011flu Kampiz’in 8 y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bu \u015fahs\u0131n \u0130braniler taraf\u0131ndan Nebuchadnezzar ad\u0131yla bilindi\u011fini not etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ferec; ayr\u0131ca ilerleyen sayfalarda \u0130skender’in Darius’u \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n hakimiyetine son vermesine kadar olan tarih k\u0131saca anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Ferac ad\u0131yla bilinen Bar Hebraeus\u2019un (1225-1285) S\u00fcryanice\u00a0\u201cMakhtebhanuth Zabhne\u201d<\/em>\u00a0isimli genel tarihinde Med\u2019li Darius\u2019un anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayfa.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Eb\u00fc’l-Ferac ad\u0131yla bilinen Bar Hebraeus’un (1225-1285) S\u00fcryanice\u00a0“Makhtebhanuth Zabhne”<\/em>\u00a0isimli genel tarihinde Med’li Darius’un anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayfa.<\/p>\n

1301-1480 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda telif veya kopya edilen Ermenice yazma eserlerde\u00a0“K’urd\/K’\u01ddrd\/K’urt (K\u00fcrd)'”\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0“Mars\/Marac'(Med)”<\/em>\u00a0kelimeleri a\u015f anlamda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015earkiyat\u00e7\u0131lar ve Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan<\/p>\n

Ermenice eserler matbayla bulu\u015fturulurken veya modern Avrupa dillerinden olan \u0130ngilizce, Frans\u0131zca, Almanca, Rus\u00e7a’ya \u00e7evrilirken\u00a0‘Marc, Med’<\/em>\u00a0kelimelerinin K\u00fcrdleri kast etti\u011fi dipnotlarla veya parantezlerle belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6ylemek gerekir ki, Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan Ermenice veya di\u011fer dillerdeki kaynaklarda ‘Med Devleti’ i\u00e7in de ‘Marastan’ yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Joachim Vadianus’un (1484-1551) 1534 y\u0131l\u0131nda Latince olarak yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Epitome trium terrae partium, Asiae, Africae et Europ\u00e6 (\u2026)”<\/em>\u00a0isimli co\u011frafya kitab\u0131nda\u00a0‘Media (ss:338-9)’<\/em>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

803-1110 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Kiev Knezli\u011fi’nin tarihi olan ve 1113 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131p daha sonraki y\u0131llarda eklemelerle geni\u015fletilmi\u015f olan\u00a0“POVEST VREMENNIH LET(Ge\u00e7mi\u015f Y\u0131llar\u0131n Hikayesi)\/Nestor Kroni\u011fi”\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>isimli Rus\u00e7a tarih kitab\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde; Tufan’dan sonra Nuh’un Sam, Ham ve Yafes isimli \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011flunun yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kendi aralar\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sma de\u011finilirken Sam ve Yafes’in pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen b\u00f6lgeler say\u0131l\u0131rken, her ikisinde de\u00a0‘Midiya\/Media’\u00a0<\/em>say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca K\u00fcrtlerle ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015f olan\u00a0‘Korduna’<\/em>\u00a0da Sam’\u0131n pay\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lerleyen sayfalarda bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fahsiyetten \u00e7o\u011falan insanlar\u0131n\u00a0‘Nektan’\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0‘Falek’<\/em>\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcnde Babil \u015fehri civar\u0131ndaki\u00a0‘Senaar’<\/em>\u00a0topraklar\u0131nda bir araya gelerek g\u00f6\u011fe kadar eri\u015febilen ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z kule \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n dilleri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p 72 halka b\u00f6lerek yery\u00fcz\u00fcne da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131m\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n \u015fiddetli r\u00fczgarla y\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kule vakas\u0131ndan sonra Sam’\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 do\u011fu \u00fclkelerini; Ham’\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 g\u00fcney \u00fclkelerini; Yafes’in o\u011fullar\u0131 ise bat\u0131 ve kuzey \u00fclkelerini ald\u0131lar. (Ahmet Ulusan, 2016, ss:118-126).<\/p>\n

a)\u00a0Med Co\u011frafyas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00e2tib \u00c7elebi’nin (1609-1657); Flemenk co\u011frafyac\u0131 kartograf Gerardus Mercator (1512-1594) ve Jodocus Hondius (1563-1612)’un “Atlas Minor” k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla bilinen\u00a0“Atlas Minor Gerardi Mercatoris \u00e0 I. Hondio Plurimis \u00e6neis Tabulis Auctus Et IIllustratus, (Arnheim, 1621)”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli Latince eserinin muhtedi \u015eeyh Mehmed \u0130hlasi yard\u0131m\u0131yla\u00a0“Lev\u00e2mi’u’n-N\u00fbr f\u00ee Zulmet-i Atlas Minor (Eserin m\u00fcellif hatt\u0131 S\u00fcleymaniye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi Nuruosmaniye 2998 numarada kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r)”\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>ad\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esindeki terc\u00fcmesinde\u00a0‘Mediya’\u00a0<\/em>\u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r:<\/p>\n

H\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015eerv\u00e2n dimekle ma’r\u00fbfdur. Farsis ile Irkanum denizi aras\u0131nda olup canib-i \u015fark\u00eesinde Herakniya ve Partiya ve garb\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck Arminiya ve Asurya ile mahd\u00fcddur. \u0130ki k\u0131sma taksim ol\u0131nur. K\u0131sm-\u0131 cen\u00fbb\u00ee ki ana b\u00fcy\u00fck Mediya dirler ve k\u0131sm-\u0131 \u015fim\u00e2li ki ana Atropatiya dirler bu k\u0131sm ziy\u00e2dece serd \u00fc so\u011fuk olma\u011fla \u00e7okluk ma’m\u00fbr de\u011f\u00fcld\u00fcr bunun \u015fehrleri bunlardur. Sumak\u0131ya Derbend Erez Senci Cavot o bir k\u0131sm\u0131 m\u00e2’m\u00fbrcadur anun ba\u015f \u015fehri Tevriz’d\u00fcr. Orones da\u011f\u0131nun dbinde bina ol\u0131nup Kaspiyum denizinden sekiz g\u00fcnl\u00fck yol ba’\u00eedd\u00fcr bu(nun) \u015fehr\u00fcn \u00e7evresi on alt\u0131 mild\u00fcr ve bu meyd\u00e2nda iki y\u00fcz bin \u015fehrl\u00fc oldu\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zann iderler ve bu \u015fehr m\u00fctekaddimm\u00fcn (kitaplar\u0131nda) Ehatana (Egbatana) yaz\u0131lur ki anda Furs p\u00e2di\u015f\u00e2hlar\u0131 yaz\u0131n otururlard\u0131 (..)<\/em><\/p>\n

(Ahmet \u00dcst\u00fcner, 2017, ss:991)<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Batlamyus\/Ptolemy’nin (M.S.108-168)\u00a0‘Geography’<\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinin 1482 tarihli matbuu bas\u0131m\u0131nda Media co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ahmet Refik Alt\u0131nay’\u0131n (1881-1937) 1328\/1911 tarihli 6 ciltlik\u00a0“B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Um\u00fbm\u00ee”<\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde, Medya haritas\u0131, C:1, ss:369.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

b) Med \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eimdiye kadar Med \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun ger\u00e7ek s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 tespit edilememi\u015ftir. Ancak Bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Arap ordular\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu’ya y\u00f6nelik ak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan hemen k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Sivas, b\u00f6lgesindeki K\u00fcrdlerden s\u00f6z edilmesi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle de R\u00fbm\u00ee Sel\u00e7\u00fbkler ile Osmanl\u0131 hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Anadolu’da \u00f6nemli K\u00fcrd \u015fahsiyetlerden s\u00f6z edilmesi; Osmanl\u0131 tahrir ve m\u00fchimme defterleri ile \u015eer\u00eeye sicillerinde Sivas, Konya, Sinop, \u0130zmir gibi illerde ‘K\u00fcrd’ mahallelerine y\u00f6nelik bilgilerin bulunmas\u0131 akla baz\u0131 sorular getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na gelince; \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi ortadad\u0131r. Erken d\u00f6nem \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle de tarih ve co\u011frafya kitaplar\u0131nda Xorasan, Afganistan K\u00fcrdlerine yer verilmesi ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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M.\u00d6. 560 y\u0131l\u0131nda Assur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Med ve Yeni Babil imparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131. M. H. Messchert, 1887, \u00a0pp:12.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Herbert George Wells’in (1886-1946)\u00a0“The Outline of History”<\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinin 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0“Cihan Tarihi’nin Umumi Hatlar\u0131”\u00a0<\/em>ad\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131ca \u00e7evirisinde Medya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu haritas\u0131. C:2, ss:44.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Herodotus’un (M.\u00d6. yakla\u015f\u0131k 484-425)\u00a0“Historiai”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0isimli eserinde ilk Med h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Deiokes’in sadece \u015fu Med kabilelerine h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir:<\/p>\n

Bu kabileler aras\u0131nda Buslar, Paretakenler, Strukhatlar, Arizantlar, Budiler ve Maglar yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

(ss:56)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Kyros’un Astyages ile sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in kimi Pers kabilelerini bir araya gelmelerini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131rken, Pers kabilelerinin \u015fu adlar\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:\u00a0\u00e7ift\u00e7ilik yapan Maraphlar, Maspial\u0131lar, Pasargadlar (Pasargadlardan do\u011fan Akhaimenidler), Panthalial\u0131lar, Derusiailer, Germaniler ile ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan Daolar, Mardiler, Dropikler ve Sagartlar (ss:66).<\/em><\/p>\n

1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere ve T\u00fcrkiye’den delegelerin saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131na dayanarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olan\u00a0“Cemiyet-i Akv\u00e2m T\u00fcrkiye-Irak Hud\u00fbdu Meselesi”<\/em>\u00a0raporunda\u00a0“Haymeni\u015fin K\u00fcrd”\u00a0<\/em>a\u015firetine yeterince yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu a\u015firet ad\u0131 ile ‘Akhamenid’ birbirine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

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Ammianus Marcellinus’un (M.S.330-390) Latince olarak yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu\u00a0“Res Gestae”\u00a0<\/em>isimli tarih kitab\u0131n\u0131n Charles Duke Yonge (1812-1891) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130ngilizce \u00e7evirisinde\u00a0‘da\u011fl\u0131 ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131’<\/em>\u00a0olarak nitelendirdi\u011fi Medlere dair kullanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ifadeler\u00a0(London-1894; ss:335).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0130lk d\u00f6nem \u0130sl\u00e2m co\u011frafyac\u0131 ve tarih\u00e7ilerinin Pers devletlerinin y\u00f6netim merkezlerinin bulundu\u011fu\u00a0‘F\u00e2rs \u0130klimi’ndeki K\u00fcrd ‘Z\u00fbm\/zom\/gom\/xom’<\/em>lar\u0131na alt ba\u015fl\u0131k olarak yer verdiklerini biliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Acaba\u00a0‘Achamenid’\u00a0<\/em>hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu K\u00fcrd a\u015firetinin k\u00f6kenleri miydi?<\/p>\n

Amaselia’l\u0131 Strabon (M\u00d6 64-MS 23\/24)\u00a0“Geographika”<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 eserinin on be\u015finci kitab\u0131nda\u00a0“Persia”<\/em>dan s\u00f6z ederken\u00a0“Bu \u00fclkede isk\u00e2n eden kabileler Pateiskhoreis, Akhaimenides ve Maglar olarak an\u0131lan kabilelerdir. Bu sonuncusu a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler Kurtiiler ve Mardiler h\u0131rs\u0131zlard\u0131r geri kalanlar ise \u00e7ift\u00e7idirler (\u00d6zge Acar, 2016, ss:203)”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Strabon, \u015fu ifadeleri de kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Ariana ismi de Persia’n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Media’y\u0131 ve Baktria ve Sogdia’n\u0131n kuzeyini kapsayacak kadar geni\u015ftir; zira bu halklar neredeyse ayn\u0131 dili konu\u015fur (\u00d6zge Acar, 2016, ss:193)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nearkhos’a g\u00f6re Karmania’n\u0131n sakinlerinin geleneklerinin pek \u00e7o\u011fu ve dilleri Perslerin ve Medlerinkine \u00e7ok benzer (\u00d6zge Acar, 2016, ss:201).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Heredotos’un Med kabilesi i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ‘Mag’lar Strabon’a g\u00f6re ‘Persia’ co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015famaktayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Peki F\u00e2rs\/F\u00fcrs\/Pars co\u011frafyas\u0131nda K\u00fcrdler ya\u015f\u0131yor muydu?<\/p>\n

Fars co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bulunan K\u00fcrdler hakk\u0131nda 700-1500 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ilk d\u00f6nem \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklarda bolca bilgi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle\u00a0“Mes\u00e2lik\/Mem\u00e2lik”\u00a0<\/em>ile\u00a0“Bilad\/B\u00fcldan”\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0“Acaib\u00fc’l-Mahluk\u00e2t”<\/em>\u00a0kitaplar\u0131nda Fars co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrd a\u015firetlerine ve onlar\u0131n\u00a0‘Z\u00fbm\/R\u00fbmum\/Kom\/Kon\/Ax\u00fbr’<\/em>lar\u0131ndan ve say\u0131lar\u0131 binleri bulan asker\u00ee varl\u0131klar\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hatta K\u00fcrtler Fars b\u00f6lgesinde h.448-688\/m.1057-1290 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 240 y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan\u00a0“\u015eeb\u00e2nk\u00e2re”<\/em>\u00a0devletini kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

‘F\u00e2rs \u0130klimi’<\/em>ne dair m\u00fcstakil bir eser yazm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130bn\u00fc’l-Belh\u00ee (\u00f6.12.yy),\u00a0“F\u00e2rsn\u00e2m”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde hem Sasaniler d\u00f6neminde K\u00fcrtlerin ordudaki konumlar\u0131na hem de F\u00e2rs iklimindeki\u00a0‘z\u00fbm\/kom\/kon’<\/em>lar\u0131na geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Fars\u00e7a’dan \u00e7evirisi yap\u0131larak Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine 989\/1580 y\u0131l\u0131nda aktar\u0131lan\u00a0“Terc\u00fcme-i Tevarih-i Yezd\u00ee”<\/em><\/strong>de; Hz. \u00d6mer’e K\u00fcrdler hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u015fikayetlerden bahsedilirken\u00a0“Ahv\u00e2zdan ve Pars taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrdler vardur ki (\u2026)”<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>denilerek konu edinilmi\u015ftir (Melek K\u00fclc\u00fc, 2013, ss:421-2).<\/p>\n

Herodotus’un (M.\u00d6. yakla\u015f\u0131k 484-425)\u00a0“Historiai”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde\u00a0‘Pers’\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0‘Media’\u00a0<\/em>isimlerine dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na bakmak gerekiyor:<\/p>\n

Perslere eskiden Hellenler Kephen derlerdi. Persler de kendilerine Artai ismini verirlerdi. Kom\u015fular\u0131 da ayn\u0131 ismi kullan\u0131rlard\u0131. Danae ve Zeus’un o\u011flu Perseus, Belos’un o\u011flu Kepheus’un yan\u0131na gelerek k\u0131z\u0131 Andromeda ile evlenmi\u015fti. Do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na Perseus ismini koymu\u015flard\u0131. Perseus, erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmayan Kepheus’un yerine ge\u00e7ecekti. \u0130\u015fte Persler de yeni isimlerini bu olaydan sonra alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (Eski Yunanca’dan \u00c7ev: Furkan Akderin, Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2017, ss:424)”, \u00a0“Medler eskiden Arianlar diye bilinirlerdi. Ancak Kolhisli Medeia, Atina’dan kovulduktan sonra Arianlar \u00fclkesine gelmi\u015f ve Medler de daha sonradan bu ismi alm\u0131\u015flar.<\/em><\/p>\n

(Eski Yunanca’dan \u00c7ev: Furkan Akderin, Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2017, ss:424)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

1480’li y\u0131llarda Thur\u00f3czy taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla\u00a0‘Thur\u00f3czy Kroni\u011fi’\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>olarak da bilinen ve J\u00e1nos Horv\u00e1th taraf\u0131ndan Latince’den Macarca’ya terc\u00fcme edilen\u00a0“Chronica Hungarorum”<\/strong><\/em>da Hz. Nuh’un ikinci o\u011flu Yefesin o\u011flu Madai’den dolay\u0131 Medlerin kendi adlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131 bilgisi bulunmaktad\u0131r (Mesude \u015eenol; 2018, ss:9).<\/p>\n

Hanyev\u00ee Mehmet \u00c2t\u0131f’ da 1289\/1872 tarihinde Osmanl\u0131ca olarak yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0“H\u00fcl\u00e2sat\u00fc’t-tev\u00e2rih (\u0130stanbul, Muhib Matbaas\u0131)”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0isimli kitab\u0131nda Mad Devleti’nden s\u00f6z ederken\u00a0‘Mad’\u00a0<\/em>ad\u0131na\u00a0“Mad vil\u00e2yet\u00ee Yafes’in o\u011flu M\u00e2d\u00e2yin z\u00fcrriyetiyle mesk\u00fbn ve me’m\u00fbr (ss:114)”\u00a0<\/em>olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu adla an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sip\u00e2h\u00eez\u00e2de Mehmed’in (\u00f6.1589) 1570 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap\u00e7a olarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yine 1572 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendisi taraf\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131caya da terc\u00fcme edilen\u00a0“Evzahu’l-Mes\u00e2lik il\u00e2 Ma’rifeti’l-B\u00fcld\u00e2n ve’l-Mem\u00e2lik\/Es\u00e2m\u00ee-i B\u00fcld\u00e2n”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>isimli eserinde\u00a0“F\u00e2rs”<\/em>\u00a0co\u011frafyas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilirken\u00a0“F\u00e2rs bin Arem bin S\u00e2m bin N\u00fbh ile tesmiye olunm\u0131\u015fdur d\u00earler (Gamze Karg\u0131 \u0130nce, 2016, ss:214)”\u00a0<\/em>bilgisiyle s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u015fah\u0131s isminden geldi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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Hanyev\u00ee Mehmet \u00c2t\u0131f’\u0131n 1289\/1872 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0“H\u00fcl\u00e2sat\u00fc’t-tev\u00e2rih (\u0130stanbul, Muhib Matbaas\u0131)”\u00a0<\/em>isimli eserinde\u00a0‘Madi Devleti’<\/em>\u00a0ile ilgili bilgilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 sayfas\u0131, C:1.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Pehlevilerin \u00dclkesi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130bn Hurdazbih (\u00f6.912) 846 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Kitabu’l-Mes\u00e2lik ve’l-Mem\u00e2lik”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde\u00a0“Pehlev\u00eelerin \u00dclkesi”<\/em>ini\u00a0“Rey, \u0130sfahan, Hemedan, Dinever, Nih\u00e2vend, Mihric\u00e2nkuzak, M\u00e2sebez\u00e2n ve Kazvin (Murat A\u011far\u0131, 2008, ss:56)”\u00a0<\/em>olarak s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zekeriyy\u00e2 b.Muhammed Kazv\u00een\u00ee’nin (\u00f6. 682\/1283) Arap\u00e7a olarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“Ac\u00e2’ib\u00fc’l-Mahl\u00fbk\u00e2t ve Gar\u00e2’ib\u00fc’l-Mevc\u00fbd\u00e2t”\u00a0<\/em>adl\u0131 eseri, Fars\u00e7a’ya ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin \u00c7a\u011fatayca ve Osmanl\u0131ca versiyonlar\u0131na \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

15’nci as\u0131r m\u00fcelliflerinden R\u00fckneddin Ahmed’in terc\u00fcme-telif kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u00a0“Ac\u00e2ib\u00fc’l-mahl\u00fbkat”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0isimli eserinde\u00a0“Bil\u00e2d-\u0131 Pehleviyye”\u00a0<\/em>\u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Pehleviyye \u015fehirleri \u00e7okdur. \u00c2zirb\u00e2yic\u00e2n ser-haddinde t\u00e2 F\u00e2rs vil\u00e2yat\u0131nun \u00e2hirine de\u011fin ve t\u00e2 S\u00eest\u00e2n’a de\u011fin M\u00e2-ver\u00e2’en-nehr’e de\u011findir. Kutb-\u0131 bil\u00e2d-\u0131 Pehleviyye Kahist\u00e2n’dur ve Hemed\u00e2n’dur Qutup ve F\u00e2ris ve Istaxar’dur ki bu ek\u00e2bir yirid\u00fcr (\u2026)<\/em><\/p>\n

(Bekir Sar\u0131kaya, 2010, ss:144)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

R\u00fckneddin Ahmed ayr\u0131ca \u015fu bilgileri verir:<\/p>\n

\u0130klimler \u0131rklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yere g\u00f6re Arab, Habe\u015f, Hind, T\u00fcrk, Cinn\u00eeler, Ye’c\u00fbc ve Me’c\u00fbc olmak \u00fczere; b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re ise Serendib, Serendib’ten Habe\u015f’e kadar, Su’ud’dan Fars’a de\u011fin, B\u00e2bil’den Afrika’ya kadar, R\u00fbm Hazar Konstantiniyye, Efrenc ve T\u00fcrkler olmak \u00fczere yediye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N\u00fbh peygamber yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc H\u00e2m, S\u00e2m ve Y\u00e2fes adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011fluna taksim eder. Efr\u00eed\u00fbn adl\u0131 \u00cer\u00e2n mill\u00ee destan\u0131n\u0131n kahraman\u0131 da yeri \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011fluna taksim eder. 24 bin fersah olan \u00e2lemin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tutan karalar\u0131n 8 bin fersah\u0131n\u0131 R\u00fbmlar, 3 bin fersah\u0131n\u0131 Farslar, bin fersah\u0131n\u0131 da Araplar tutar.<\/p>\n

Abd\u00ee-z\u00e2de H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin Efendi\u00a0“Amasya Tarihi”<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0isimli eserinde \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n (K\u00fcrd es-Seyyid) biyografisinde, K\u00fcrdlerin \u00a0Amasya’da bulunan Pehliv\u00e2nlu a\u015firetine mensup oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir (Latinize: Mesut Ayd\u0131n-G\u00fcler Ayd\u0131n, Amasya Belediyesi, 2004, C:6, ss:68).<\/p>\n

Acaba bu a\u015firetin, S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u00a0‘Pehleviyye’<\/em>\u00a0denilmesiyle bir alakas\u0131 var m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Kavramlar Aras\u0131nda Buharla\u015fan Hakikat:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yunan\/Litin kaynaklar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en\u00a0‘Medler’ ‘Persler’<\/em>\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ne anlama geliyordu?<\/p>\n

Bunlar etnik, co\u011fraf\u00ee, hanedan, a\u015firet, aile veya devlet adlar\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/p>\n

Mesela M.\u00d6. 472’de sahnelenmi\u015f olan\u00a0“Persler (\u03a0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9)”\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>isimli tiyatronun yazar\u0131 Aiskhlos’un (M.\u00d6. 525-456) kendisi ya da bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan mezar ta\u015f\u0131 epigram\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re (Marm. Par. A48; Vit. Aesch. 4,11), Aiskhylos Marath\u014dn’da ‘Medler’e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

‘Medler’<\/em>e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok sonradan Roma\/Bizans m\u00fcellifi Prokopius (500-565)\u00a0“Anekdota”\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0“Sava\u015flar Tarihi”<\/em>nde ‘Sassaniler’ ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan sava\u015flarda da yazacak.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde daha \u00e7ok\u00a0‘Safevi (1501-1736)’<\/em>\u00a0ad\u0131yla adland\u0131r\u0131lan\u00a0‘Sof\u00ee’\u00a0<\/em>devleti; ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Bat\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda\u00a0‘Persia’<\/em>, \u00e7ok az kaynakta da\u00a0‘Media’\u00a0<\/em>olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Erdebil merkezli tarikat\u0131n y\u00f6netici soyundan ve Safevi devletinin kurucusu \u015eah \u0130smail’in\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd’\u00a0<\/em>k\u00f6keninden geldi\u011fi\u00a0“Sefwetu’s-Sefa”<\/em>\u00a0gibi kaynaklarla sabittir.<\/p>\n

Yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde K\u00fcrd oldu\u011fu bilinen\u00a0‘Zend’<\/em>\u00a0ve T\u00fcrkmen Ka\u00e7arlar ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Bat\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6rsel\/harita-grav\u00fcr kaynaklar\u0131nda\u00a0‘Persia’<\/em>\u00a0olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Oysa her \u00fc\u00e7 hanedan\/devlet ad\u0131 kendi Fars\u00e7a kaynaklar\u0131nda\u00a0“Mem\u00e2lik-i Mahruse\/Korunmu\u015f Memleket”<\/strong><\/em>; Osmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131nda ise\u00a0“Mem\u00e2lik-i Acem”<\/em>\u00a0veya\u00a0“Mem\u00e2lik-i \u00ceran”\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0olarak ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lgin\u00e7 olan\u0131 ise Selahaddin’in\u00a0“Devlet\u00fc’l-Ekrad\/Eyyubiler (1171-1250)”<\/em>\u0131 ve onunla hemden olan\u00a0“Rum\u00ee Sel\u00e7\u00fbk\u00eeler”\u00a0<\/em>de kimi zaman Bat\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda\u00a0‘Persia’\u00a0<\/em>tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na maruzdur.<\/p>\n

O zaman akla \u015fu soru geliyor:\u00a0En eski Yunan kaynaklar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, Latin ve 8’nci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri verilmeye ba\u015flanan \u0130ngilizce, Frans\u0131zca, Almanca, Macarca, Polonca, \u0130spanyolca, Portekizce, \u0130talyanca vb. Avrupa dillerinde ‘Persia’ kavram\u0131 ‘metinsel kurgu’ muydu yoksa \u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan devletlerin genel ad\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/em><\/p>\n

Daha da \u00f6nemlisi 800’nc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra \u0130slam\u00ee literat\u00fcrdeki ‘P\u00ea\u015fdad\u00ee’, ‘Keyan\u00ee’, ‘E\u015fkan\u00ee’ ve ‘Sassan\u00ee’ \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi \u0130ran tarihi de kendine g\u00f6re bir ‘metinsel kurgu’ mu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu?<\/em><\/p>\n

Peki bu \u015fekilde sonradan adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan devletler\/hanedanlar kendisini nas\u0131l tan\u0131ml\u0131yordu?<\/em><\/p>\n

1700’den itibaren yap\u0131lan arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan ve eski kaynaklar\u0131n yeniden literat\u00fcre dahilinden elde edilen bilgiler ve bulgular acaba bilin\u00e7li veya bilin\u00e7siz bir \u015fekilde ‘metinsel kurgu’ya m\u0131 uyduruldu ve tahrifatlar m\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/em><\/p>\n

Co\u011fraf\u00ee ve siyas\u00ee ili\u015fki a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu d\u00f6rt a\u015famayla da ili\u015fki i\u00e7erisinde bulunmu\u015f olan ‘Sanskrit\/Hind’ ve ‘\u015e\u00een\/\u00c7\u00een’ kaynaklar\u0131 neden kullan\u0131lm\u0131yor ve Bat\u0131 merkezli tarih tasar\u0131m\u0131ndan ‘\u0130ran Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi’ olu\u015fturuluyor?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130ran’da hi\u00e7bir devlet ne kendi kaynaklar\u0131nda, ne de d\u0131\u015f kaynaklarda, kendisini kuran etnik grubun ad\u0131yla tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Oysa bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran devletinin asli unsuru olarak kendisini g\u00f6ren ve\u00a0‘Fars’<\/em>\u00a0olarak tan\u0131mlayan bir etnik grup \u0130ran’da kurulmu\u015f olan b\u00fct\u00fcn devletlere kendisini varis g\u00f6stererek\u00a0‘ge\u00e7mi\u015f’<\/em>i yeniden dizayn etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu dizaynda ise 150 y\u0131ld\u0131r ‘K\u00fcrd’ler ‘tarihsiz’ b\u0131rak\u0131lmakta, b\u00fct\u00fcn madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee unsurlar\u00a0‘Acem’<\/em> \u0131rk\u0131na hasredilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Nurullah Alka\u00e7-indyturk.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 19 Kas\u0131m 2020 tarihinde \u0130ndyturk.com da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Giri\u015f: K\u00fcrtlerin k\u00f6kenlerine dair anlat\u0131mlar, 700’den sonra yaz\u0131lan ilk d\u00f6nem \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklardan beri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Gerek tarih\u00ee \u015fahsiyetler, gerekse\u00a0‘Dehh\u00e2k Efs\u00e2nes\u00ee’\u00a0\u00fczerinden olu\u015fturulan bu kurgu, 1800’lerden sonra Bat\u0131l\u0131 seyyah, diplomat ve akademisyenlerin dahiliyle yeni bir a\u015famaya evrilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k bu zaman zarf\u0131nda\u00a0‘K\u00fcrd’\u00a0kelimesinin etimolojisine y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla da geni\u015fletilen bu literat\u00fcre, maalesef siyas\u00ee ve ideolojik nedenlerle \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli zeminsiz …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084],"tags":[2467,5828,1371,1187,3006,108,117,1616,3419,5838,6352,6567,5827,615,5580,6167],"class_list":["post-23423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","tag-anadolu","tag-farslar","tag-gutiler","tag-iran","tag-kerkuk","tag-kurdistan","tag-kurtler","tag-manset","tag-med","tag-medler","tag-musul","tag-persler","tag-sumerler","tag-turkiye","tag-turkler","tag-turkmenler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23423"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23425,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23423\/revisions\/23425"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}