{"id":23255,"date":"2024-01-22T07:01:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T04:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23255"},"modified":"2024-01-21T09:11:21","modified_gmt":"2024-01-21T06:11:21","slug":"sultan-salahaddin-eyyubinin-anadoludaki-turk-devletleriyle-munasebetleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23255","title":{"rendered":"Sultan Sal\u00e2haddin Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee’nin Anadolu’daki T\u00fcrk Devletleriyle M\u00fcnasebetleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/b>\u00a0Selahaddin Eyyubi, Anadolu, T\u00fcrk Devletleri, Zengiler, \u0130slam, Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler, Tarih<\/span><\/div>\n
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Bir T\u00fcrk devleti olan Zeng\u00eeler\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Atabey N\u00fbredd\u00een Mahm\u00fbd \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra (1174), kumandanlar\u0131nda Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler Devieti\u2019ni kurdu. Daha sonra Abbas\u00ee halifesi el-Mustaz\u00ee (1170-1180), Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in Suriye ve Elcezire h\u00e2kimiyetini tan\u0131d\u0131. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een bununla ilgili haberi 12 \u015eevval 570\/6 May\u0131s 1175\u2019de ald\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Bu s\u0131rada Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131nda, zaman-zaman g\u00f6r\u00fclen, m\u00fccadelelerden biri oluyordu. H\u0131ristiyanlar tertibledikleri Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleriyle do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek burada krall\u0131k ve kontluklar kurmu\u015flard\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ise k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcn olmakla beraber siyas\u00ee ve otorite y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131k ve gev\u015feklik i\u00e7inde idiler. Bu da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nce Atabey N\u00fbredd\u00een Mahm\u00fbd ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ancak onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle Orta-do\u011fu\u2019daki \u0130slam birli\u011fi yeniden da\u011f\u0131lma tehlikesi ba\u015fg\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Bu tebli\u011fimizde Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u0130sl\u00e2m birli\u011fini yeniden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, H\u0131ttin Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi, Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrk devletleriyle m\u00fcnasebetlerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019nin \u0130sl\u00e2m birli\u011fini sa\u011flama yolundaki gayretleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, Artuklular, Ahlat\u015f\u00e2hlar ve Erbil Atabeyleri gibi T\u00fcrk devletleriyle m\u00fcnasebetleri oldu. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee Haleb\u2019i ku\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada, \u015fehir halk\u0131 biraz direndikten sonra Muharrem 572\/10 Temmuz-8 A\u011fustos 1176 tarihinde Sultan ile bir andla\u015fma yapt\u0131lar. Bu andla\u015fman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli maddelerinden biri de; Musullular, Artuklular, T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u2019n\u0131n andla\u015fmay\u0131 ge\u00e7erli kabul etmeleri ve yeniden anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karacak tarafa kar\u015f\u0131 di\u011ferlerinin ortak olarak harekete ge\u00e7ecekleri hus\u00fbsunda s\u00f6z vermeleri idi[1]. Bu anla\u015fmayla Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in ilk defa Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrk Devletleri ile m\u00fcnasebet kurdu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca Haleb\u2019in kuzeyindeki Ra\u2019ban, Tell-b\u00e2\u015fir gibi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan yerler de Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in h\u00e2kimiyetini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu sultan\u0131 II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1176\u2019da Myriokephalon sava\u015f\u0131nda Bizansl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131 ma\u011flup etmi\u015f ve \u00e7evredeki \u0130sl\u00e2m h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131na bu zaferini bildirmi\u015fti. Onun bu zaferi bildirdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar aras\u0131nda Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019nin de bulunmas\u0131 tabiidir[2].<\/span><\/div>\n
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Sultan II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan da Anadolu\u2019nun birli\u011fini sa\u011flama yolunda faaliyetlerde bulunuyordu. Nitekim o 1178\u2019de Dani\u015fmendliler\u2019den Malatya\u2019y\u0131 ald\u0131. II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n elde etti\u011fi bu ha\u015fandan endi\u015felenen Artuklu Beyleri de Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019ye el\u00e7i g\u00f6nderip, himaye edilmelerini istediler[3]. Sultan II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n Anadolu birli\u011fini sa\u011flama yolundaki faaliyetleri Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ile aras\u0131nda bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesinin ba\u015flamas\u0131na sebep oldu. Nitekim Sultan II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019ye bir el\u00e7i g\u00f6ndererek Ra\u2019ban kalesi\u2019nin kendisine \u00e2it oldu\u011funu ve Atabey N\u00fbredd\u00een\u2019in kaleyi kendisinin izni olmadan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve o\u011flu Melik\u015f\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n buras\u0131n\u0131 kendisine geri verdi\u011fini iddia etti. Kale bu s\u0131rada Ba\u2019lebek sahibi \u015eemsedd\u00een b. el-Mukaddem\u2019in elinde idi ve orada naibleri bulunuyordu. Sultan Sel\u00e2haddin Ra\u2019ban kalesi hususunda II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n iste\u011fini reddetti. Bunun \u00fczerine II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu g\u00f6nderip kaleyi ku\u015fatmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee ona kar\u015f\u0131 ye\u011feni Takiyyedd\u00een\u2019i g\u00f6nderdi. Takiyyedd\u00een beraberinde bin ki\u015filik bir kuvvetle hareket etti. II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n kuvvetleri ise 20.000 ki\u015fiydi. S\u00fcryani Mihail\u2019in ifadesiyle (s. 302), \u201cHer iki taraf da T\u00fcrk ise de\u201d, yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta Sel\u00e7uklu ordusu Takiyyedd\u00een\u2019in kuvvetine ma\u011flup oldu (575\/1179-80). Bu olaydan sonra Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ad\u0131na Musul veziri M\u00fccahidd\u00een Kaymaz\u2019a bir mektup yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in gayesi ve tahakkuk ettirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m birli\u011fi\u2019ne ait fikirler burada kendini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015fl\u0131yordu. O bu mektubunda, \u201cMalumdur ki, biz \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n galip gelmesini, k\u00fcfr\u00fcn ma\u011flup olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyoruz. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n k\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131 kuvvetli olmas\u0131n\u0131, All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n \u00e2det etti\u011fi \u00fczere \u0130sl\u00e2m askerlerinin k\u00e2fir ordular\u0131na muzaffer olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyoruz. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan Rumlarla anla\u015fma yapt\u0131 (Myriokephalon sonras\u0131 yap\u0131lan andla\u015fma kastediliyor)… Allah bilir ya, onlar\u0131n (yani Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n) heybetini y\u0131kmak ve hatal\u0131 fikirlerinden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak istemedik.\u201d Diyordu[4].<\/span><\/div>\n
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Bu olaydan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ile K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan aras\u0131nda yeni bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. Bunun sebebi de Artuklular\u2019dan H\u0131sn Keyf\u00e2 hakimi N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed b. Kara Arslan idi. Sultan II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed ile evlendirmi\u015fti. Nureddin bir s\u00fcre sonra e\u015finden b\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve bir muganniye (\u015fark\u0131c\u0131)ye \u00e2\u015f\u0131k olmu\u015ftu. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n durumunu \u00f6\u011frenince Artuklu N\u00fbreddin\u2019e el\u00e7i g\u00f6ndererek ya evlilik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaleleri geri vermesini, ya da \u015fark\u0131c\u0131 kad\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mesini istedi. O iste\u011fi yerine gelmezse Artuklu \u00fclkesine y\u00fcr\u00fcyece\u011fini bildirdi. N\u00fbreddin bu tehditten korktu, Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019den yard\u0131m isteyerek onun himayesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n
Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ile II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan aras\u0131nda bu konuda el\u00e7iler ve mektuplar gelip gitti ise de, anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lamad\u0131. Nihayet Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Haziran 1180\u2019de Sel\u00e7uklular\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. O F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n kollar\u0131ndan G\u00f6ksu \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ordugah kurdu. Artuklu N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed de askerleriyle buraya geldi, \u00f6te taraftan Sultan II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan durumun ciddiyetini ve ufukta sava\u015f belirtilerini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman veziri Ihtiy\u00e2redd\u00een Hasan\u2019\u0131 bir anla\u015fma yapmak i\u00e7in Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in yan\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi. Vezir Ihtiy\u00e2redd\u00een Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in sava\u015f konusunda cidd\u00ee ve yan\u0131ndaki ordunun da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019i en can al\u0131c\u0131 yerinden yakalamas\u0131n\u0131 bildi. Sel\u00e7uklu veziri ona \u015fu \u015fekilde hitab etti,\u201d Sen sultanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck, en \u015fanl\u0131 en \u015f\u00f6hretlilerinden birisin. Halk\u0131n senin Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla anla\u015fma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve\u00a0cihad\u0131<\/i>\u00a0terkedip \u00fclkenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara itti\u011fini … b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara faydal\u0131 bir i\u015ften y\u00fcz \u00e7evirdi\u011fini … senin ve askerlerinin bir kahbe \u015fark\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in yollara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp masraflar etti\u011fini duymas\u0131 kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliyormusun?. Yar\u0131n Allah Taalaya ne mazeret beyan edeceksin?.\u201d Sultan Vez\u0130r\u2019e \u201cSen hakl\u0131s\u0131n. Fakat himayeme giren birini yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmam do\u011fru olmaz. N\u00fbredd\u00een \u0130le konu\u015fup anla\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f.\u201d dedi. B\u00f6ylece iki m\u00fcsl\u00fcman h\u00fck\u00fcmdar aras\u0131nda bir sava\u015f ve bo\u015f yere kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi \u00f6nlenmi\u015f oldu. Neticede iki taraf aras\u0131nda bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re de, N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed bir y\u0131l sonra Muganniyeden vazge\u00e7erek kar\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc[5].<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00d6te taraftan Birecik emin Artuklular\u2019dan \u0130ly\u00e2s\u2019m \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle (570\/ 1174-5)> yerine o\u011flu \u015e\u0131habedd\u00een Muhammed (Mahm\u00fbd) ge\u00e7ti. Ancak \u015e\u0131habedd\u00een\u2019in Mardin Artuklu h\u00fck\u00fcmdan II. \u0130lgaz\u00ee\u2019yi tan\u0131mayarak Musul atabeyi tzzedd\u00een Mes\u2019ud\u2019a t\u00e2bi olmas\u0131 ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden kan\u015fmas\u0131na sebeb oldu. II. \u0130lgaz\u00ee bu durumda Birecik\u2019i ku\u015fatt\u0131. \u015e\u0131habedd\u00een ise 577\/1181- 2\u2019de Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019ye ba\u015fvurarak ona tabi oldu\u011funu bildirdi ve yard\u0131m istedi. Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar ile sava\u015f durumunda bulundu\u011fundan yard\u0131m iste\u011fini yerine getirememi\u015f, fakat II. \u0130lgaz\u00ee\u2019ye ku\u015fatmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015fti. II. tlgaz\u00ee buna uymayarak ku\u015fatmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc ise de bir sonu\u00e7 alamad\u0131[6].<\/span><\/div>\n
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Daha sonraki olaylar sebebiyle G\u00fcney-do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in lehine yeni geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Ba\u015fta Harran h\u00e2kimi MuzalTer- edd\u00een G\u00f6kb\u00f6ri olmak \u00fczere, Artuklu N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed, Birecik emici \u015e\u0131h\u00e2bedd\u00een ve Seruc hakimi \u0130bn M\u00e2lik Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yaparak onu Musul \u00fczerine bir sefer te\u015fvik ettiler. Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een bunun \u00fczerine \u201cBirinci Do\u011fu Seferi\u201dne \u00e7\u0131karak Anadolu\u2019ya girdi. O \u00f6nce Birecik ve \u2018Amk\u2019\u0131 ald\u0131. Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een bundan sonra etrafdaki beylere ve emirlere mektuplar yazarak kendisine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Ayr\u0131ca o bu mektuplar\u0131nda esas gayesi olan k\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0cihad\u0131<\/i>\u00a0de belirtmekten geri kalm\u0131yor,” Kim daveti kabul eder, itaatini bildirirse ve k\u00e2firlerle\u00a0cihad<\/i>\u00a0esnas\u0131nda askeri yard\u0131mda bulunmay\u0131 kabul ederse \u00fclkesinin masun kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d bildiriyordu. Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in Birecik\u2019ten ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan biraz sonra Artuklu N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed itaati kabul etti\u011fini, kuvvetleriyle yard\u0131ma gelece\u011fini bildirdi. N\u00fbredd\u00een buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, kendisine d\u00fc\u015fman olan \u00c2mid (Diyarbekir) h\u00e2kimine kar\u015f\u0131 Sultan\u2019dan yard\u0131m istiyordu. Sultan da onun da bu \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti[7].<\/span><\/div>\n
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Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ve Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee ordusu Birecik\u2019den sonra Urfa\u2019ya vararak \u015fehri ku\u015fatt\u0131. Neticede \u015fehrin h\u00e2kimi Fahredd\u00een Mes\u2019ud can\u0131 ve mal\u0131n\u0131 dokunulmamak \u015fart\u0131yla Urfa\u2019y\u0131 teslim etti. Sultan buran\u0131n idaresini Muzafferedd\u00een G\u00f6kb\u00f6ri\u2019ye verdi. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een buradan sonra Rakka, Habur, Nusaybin gibi m\u00fcstahkem \u015fehir ve kaleleri ald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece b\u00fct\u00fcn Elcezire b\u00f6lgesini i\u015fgal eden Sultan ve Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee ordusu 10 Kas\u0131m 1182\u2019de Musul\u2019u ku\u015fatt\u0131. Ancak Sultan, \u015fehrin m\u00fcstahkem olmas\u0131 ve halifenin de bu ku\u015fatmay\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rmemesi sebebiyle, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ulamayarak Sincar \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Sincar\u2019da bulunan Musul askerleri Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee ordusunun ikmal yolunu kesmi\u015flerdi[8].<\/span><\/div>\n
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Sultan Sincar\u2019\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131. O bu ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce ge\u00e7en olaylar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Halife en-N\u00e2s\u0131r (1180-1225\/3 bir mektup g\u00f6nderdi (\u015eaban 578\/Aral\u0131k 1182). Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een bu mektubda da Musullular\u2019\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan ve \u0130sl\u00e2m birli\u011finden s\u00f6z etmektedir. O \u00f6nce, Maksad\u0131m\u0131z Musul\u2019daki dine ayk\u0131n \u015feyleri ve haks\u0131zl\u0131ktan ortadan kald\u0131rmakd\u0131. Zira onlar \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a ayk\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunarak h\u0131ristiyanlardan yard\u0131m istediler. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 pe\u015fin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 vadeli bir mebla\u011f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Franklan \u015eam hudutlanna sefer yapma\u011fa te\u015fvik ettiler\u201d diyerek Musullulardan \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een daha sonra \u201cSincar fethedilmeden buradan aynlmamaya kararl\u0131y\u0131z. Maksad\u0131m\u0131z, zul\u00fcm karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m ad\u00e2let sabah\u0131yla ayd\u0131nlatmak, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlan birle\u015ftirmek…\u201d diyor ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n birli\u011finden bahsediyor. Sultan aynca \u201chadiminizin Magrib\u2019de de askerleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu askerlerin fethi Afrika\u2019n\u0131n uzak m\u0131nt\u0131kalanna kadar ilerlemi\u015ftir ve o memlekederde \u0130sl\u00e2m dini tekrar canlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d diyerek \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor[9]. Sincar ku\u015fatmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ahlat\u015fahlar\u2019\u0131n ileri gelenlerinden Seyfedd\u00een Begtimur el\u00e7i s\u0131fat\u0131yla gelerek Sincar ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in arac\u0131 olduysa da Ahlat\u015fahlar\u2019\u0131n bu dile\u011fi kabul edilmedi[10]. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Musul em\u00eeri \u0130zzedd\u00een\u2019in karde\u015fi ve Sincar hakimi Em\u00eer-i Emir\u00e2n \u015eerefedd\u00een Hindu b. Mevdud kurtulu\u015f \u00fcmidini kesmi\u015f bu sebeble askerleri ve mallar\u0131yla birlikte Musul\u2019a gitmesine izin verilmi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylece Sincar Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019e t\u00e2bi oldu (578 Ramazan \/ 8 Ocak – 6 \u015eubat 1182). Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een buradan Dara\u2019ya hareket etti. Dara h\u00e2kimi Artuklular\u2019dan \u015eemsedd\u00een Behr\u00e2m ona t\u00e2bi oldu. Bu s\u0131rada k\u0131\u015f mevsiminin ortalar\u0131na gelindi\u011finden, Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een k\u0131\u015f\u0131 Har-ran\u2019da ge\u00e7irmeye karar verdi ve Zilkade 578\/\u015eubat-Mart 1183 tarihinde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u015fehre geldi[11]. O buradan Hilafet divan\u0131\u2019na bir mektup g\u00f6nderdi. Sultan bu mektubunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tevazuyla \u00f6nce Halife\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu, \u201cHadiminiz, Divan el-Hilafe\u2019nin emirlerini memleketinde tatbik eder. Sizin siyah bayraklar\u0131n\u0131z alt\u0131nda\u00a0cihad<\/i>\u00a0eder. Ma\u015fr\u0131k\u2019da ve Magrib\u2019de sizin bayraklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 dalgaland\u0131r\u0131r…”. O daha sonra h\u0131ristiyanlar ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Musullular\u2019dan \u015fikayet etmektedir[12].<\/span><\/div>\n
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Sultan Harran\u2019da k\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Ahlat\u015fahlar\u2019dan S\u00f6kmen, Musul emici \u0130zzedd\u00een\u2019e mektup yazarak ittifaka davet etti. Bu ittifaka Mardin Artuklular\u0131\u2019ndan II. \u0130lgaz\u00ee ve Dilma\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan Devlet\u015f\u00e2h da kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu m\u00fcttefik kuvvetleri Mardin\u2019in Harzem (K\u0131z\u0131ltepe) denilen mevkiinde bir araya geldiler (Zilhicce 578\/Mart 1183). Onlar\u0131n maksad\u0131 Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019i El-cezire\u2019den atmakt\u0131. Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ve Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee ordusu bu m\u00fcttefikler \u00fczerine harekete ge\u00e7ti. Ancak m\u00fcttefik kuvvetleri da\u011f\u0131larak yerlerine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ise Harzem\u2019e kadar ilerleyerek burada birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn konaklad\u0131[13]. B\u00f6ylece Anadolu beyliklerinin Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri ittifak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f oldu. Sultan Harzem\u2019de iken, Halife\u2019den Amid \u015fehrine sahip olmas\u0131 hususunda izin veren men\u015fur geldi. B\u00f6ylece Amid \u015fehrinin ele ge\u00e7irilmesine karar verildi.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een \u00c2mid konusunda Artuklu N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed\u2019e s\u00f6z vermi\u015fti. Bu s\u0131rada Amid m\u00fcstahkem bir \u015fehirdi ve \u0130nalo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan Mahm\u00fbd b. \u0130lald\u0131\u2019n\u0131n elinde idi. Ancak as\u0131l idareyi y\u00fcr\u00fcten Nisano\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan vezir Mes\u2019ud idi. Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een beraberinde N\u00fbreddin Muhammed oldu\u011fu halde \u00c2mid \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ve Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee ordusu 17 Zilhicce 578\/13 Nisan 1183 tarihinde \u015fehri ku\u015fatt\u0131. \u0130ki taraf aras\u0131nda \u015fiddetli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar oldu. Bir s\u00fcre sonra \u015fehir halk\u0131 savunmay\u0131 gev\u015fetti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar \u0130bn Nisan\u2019\u0131n idaresinden b\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131ndan zulm\u00fcnden \u015fikayet ediyorlard\u0131. Neticede \u0130bn Nisan yard\u0131ms\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kendisini terketti\u011fini anlay\u0131nca kurtulu\u015fu anla\u015fmada buldu ve \u015fehri Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019e teslim etti. \u0130bn Nisan \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde alabildi\u011fi kadar mal ve e\u015fyayla \u015fehirden ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u015eehir teslim edilince, Sultan\u2019a \u201c\u00c2mid\u2019deki mallar\u0131n de\u011feri bir milyon dinar\u0131 a\u015far. Bu mallar N\u00fbredd\u00een ile var\u0131lan anla\u015fman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131na dahil de\u011fildir. Onlar\u0131 al\u0131p devletin i\u015flerinde harca. N\u00fbredd\u00een sadece \u015fehirle yetinir\u201d denildi. Sultan bunu kabul etmedi ve \u015fehri b\u00fct\u00fcn zenginlikleriyle Artuklu N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed\u2019e ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayarak\u00a0c\u00f6mertli\u011finin ve s\u00f6z\u00fcne sad\u0131k kalman\u0131n g\u00fczel bir<\/i>\u00a0\u00f6rne\u011fini verdi. Sultan\u2019\u0131n c\u00f6mertlik ve ilme g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi sayg\u0131yla ilgili bir \u00f6rnek de, \u015fehirdeki 1.040.000 cildlik k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi veziri Kad\u0131 F\u00e2z\u0131l\u2019a ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamas\u0131yd\u0131. Aynca bu olaylar \u201cSultan\u2019\u0131n nazar\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011ferinin hi\u00e7li\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir\u201d[14].<\/span><\/div>\n
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Bu fetihten sonra \u00e7evredeki emirlere ve Halife\u2019ye mektuplar g\u00f6nderildi. Bu mektuplardan biri Ba\u011fdat\u2019da S\u00e2hib Mecdedd\u00een\u2019e yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Burada da Musul\u2019un \u0130sl\u00e2m birli\u011fini engelleyen zorluklar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi. Aynca 579 y\u0131l\u0131 Muharrem ay\u0131nda (26 Nisan-25 May\u0131s 1183) Hilafet Divan\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6nderilen mektupta \u00c2mid\u2019in fethinin bildirilmesi yan\u0131s\u0131ra ba\u015fl\u0131ca konu yine Musul\u2019dur ve bu \u015fehrin \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fini engelledi\u011fi vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Yine bu mektubda\u00a0\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fi<\/i>\u00a0sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn fethedilece\u011fi ve Mescid el-Aksa\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131sa zamanda Franklar\u2019dan temizlenece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/span><\/div>\n
Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed\u2019e \u00c2mid\u2019i teslim ettikten sonra ondan sadakat g\u00f6sterece\u011fine ve kendisine isyan etmeyece\u011fine dair sa\u011flam bir yemin ald\u0131. Sultan\u2019\u0131n bu yemin s\u0131ras\u0131nda isteklerinden birisi de,\u00a0h\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131 gazalarda<\/i>\u00a0N\u00fbredd\u00een Muhammed\u2019in askerleriyle yard\u0131ma gelmesi idi[15].<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00c2mid\u2019in zabt\u0131ndan sonra Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019e itaatini bildiren Anadolu h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan birisi de Mardin Artuklu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 II. \u0130lgazi idi. II. ilg azi de \u201cAskerlerini cihad an\u0131nda Sultan\u2019\u0131n hizmetine vermeyi kabul etmi\u015fti[16]. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een daha sonra Ayntab \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Buran\u0131n h\u00e2kimi Nas\u0131hedd\u00een Muhammed b.Humartegin de Sultan\u2019a itaatini bildiriyor ve yerinde b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu (18 Muharrem 579\/13 May\u0131s 1183)[17].<\/span><\/div>\n
Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in bundan sonraki hedefi Haleb idi ve 21 May\u0131s 1183\u2019de ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u015fehri ku\u015fatt\u0131. Neticede Haleb h\u00e2kimi II. \u0130m\u00e2dedd\u00een Zengi yap\u0131lan gizli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden sonra Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ile anla\u015fmay\u0131 kabul etti. \u0130ki taraf aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re II. \u0130m\u00e2dedd\u00een Zengi Haleb\u2019i teslimine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Anadolu\u2019daki Sincar, Habur, Seme ve Nusaybin\u2019i al\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca o da Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan gazalarda askerlerini Sultan\u2019\u0131n emrine vermeyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 (12 Haziran 1183) [18].<\/span><\/div>\n
Haleb\u2019in Sultan taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmesinden en fazla zarara u\u011frayan taraf Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar idi. Bu \u015fehrin zabt\u0131yla Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapabilecek m\u00fcsl\u00fcman muhalefet ortadan kalk\u0131yor ve Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019e Kud\u00fcs yolu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu. Nitekim Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u2019dan \u00f6nce Antakya Princepsi III. Bohemond durumu anlam\u0131\u015f ve Sultan\u2019a el\u00e7i g\u00f6ndererek bar\u0131\u015f istemi\u015fti. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Antakya\u2019n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f iste\u011fini kabul etti. Onun as\u0131l hedefi b\u00fcy\u00fck darbeyi Kud\u00fcs K\u0131rall\u0131\u011fma indirmekti[19]. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een i\u00e7in \u201cArt\u0131k, Filistin\u2019e ve Suriye sahillerine h\u00fckmetmeleri \u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitmekte olan bir leke, bir haysiyetsizlik te\u015fkil eden yabanc\u0131 sald\u0131rganlan (yani Ha\u00e7hlan) dize getirmek zaman\u0131 gelip \u00e7atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[20]. Nitekim Haleb\u2019in zabt\u0131yla \u00e7evre h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlara g\u00f6nderilen mektublarda, Sultan hedefini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtiyordu. Nitekim o Zabid h\u00e2kimi Hutluaba\u2019ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektubda “… \u015eimdi cihad i\u00e7in ba\u015fka taraflardan da asker toplamak, All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n bizi d\u00fc\u015fmanlara muzaffer k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair verdi\u011fi v\u00e2di tahakkuk ettirmek, Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc fethederek \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n murad\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek gerekiyor.\u201d diyordu. Yine H\u00e2rim\u2019in fethinden sonra \u00e7evre h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlara g\u00f6nderilen mektuplarda i\u015flenen konu;\u00a0cihad<\/i>\u00a0d\u0131r[21].<\/span><\/div>\n
Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in Anadolu ile ilgili olaylarda bir ara Harran ve Urfa h\u00e2kimi Muzafferedd\u00een G\u00f6kb\u00f6ri ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebebi; G\u00f6kb\u00f6ri\u2019nin Sultan Musul\u2019a y\u00fcr\u00fcrken vermeyi va\u2019d etti\u011fi 50.000 dinar\u0131 \u00f6dememesi idi. Ancak Salah\u00e2dd\u00een Elcezire halk\u0131n\u0131n kendisine itaatten ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in G\u00f6kb\u00f6ri\u2019yi serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131. Urfa ve Harran tekrar onun idaresine verildi[22].<\/span><\/div>\n
Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een bundan sonra 4 Nisan 1185 tarihinde \u0130kinci Do\u011fu seferine \u00e7\u0131kararak Musul\u2019u ku\u015fatt\u0131 ise de; G\u00fcney-do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019daki olay ku\u015fatman\u0131n yanda kalmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Bu s\u0131rada Ahlat\u015fahlar\u2019dan II. S\u00f6kmen \u00f6ld\u00fc. Sultan 21 Temmuz\u2019da ku\u015fatmay\u0131 kald\u0131rarak Ahlat\u2019a do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ahlat\u2019daki taraftarlar\u0131ndan davet mektubu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sultan bu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nce Meyyafarikin\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek arkas\u0131n\u0131 emniyete almak istedi. Meyyafarikin hakimi bu s\u0131rada Esededdin Yaranku\u015f idi. O kaleyi korumak i\u00e7in manc\u0131n\u0131klar kurup haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nitekim Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een bir aydan fazla ku\u015fatmayla me\u015fgul oldu. Neticede Esededd\u00een Cabalc\u00fbr (Capak\u00e7ur)\u2019un kendisine verilmesi \u015fart\u0131yla Meyyafarikin\u2019i Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019e teslim etti. (29 A\u011fustos 1185)[23]. Sultan Meyyafarikin ile me\u015fgul olup zaman harcarken, Azerbaycan Atabeyi Pehlivan\u2019\u0131n Ahlat\u2019a sahip olmak istedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Atabey Pehlivan da askerleriyle Ahlat \u00f6n\u00fcne gelmi\u015fti. Ancak bu s\u0131rada II. S\u00f6kmen\u2019in meml\u00fbklerinden Begtimur Ahlat\u2019da duruma h\u00e2kim oldu. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ve Atabey Pehlivan Begtimur\u2019un Ahlat \u00fczerindeki h\u00e2kimiyetini ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131malar\u0131yla \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yeni bir sava\u015f\u0131 ve \u00e7eki\u015fmeyi \u00f6nlemi\u015flerdi. B\u00f6ylece Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een ve Pehlivan \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nd\u00fcler[24].<\/span><\/div>\n
Daha sonra Musul\u2019un da al\u0131nmas\u0131yla \u201cTunus\u2019dan Hemedan\u2019a kadarki \u0130sl\u00e2m topraklan Sultan\u2019\u0131n y\u00fcksek h\u00e2kimiyetini tan\u0131yor, N\u00fbredd\u00een Mahm\u00fbd\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle par\u00e7alanan \u0130sl\u00e2m birli\u011fi daha da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olarak yeniden kurulmu\u015f oluyordu\u201d[25]. Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een bu olaylardan sonra daha rahat bir ortam i\u00e7inde Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar ile m\u00fccadeleye devam etti. O \u0130sl\u00e2m birli\u011fini sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir sonucu olarak Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi. Ancak Sultan Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in bu sonucu elde etmesindeki en \u00f6nemli zaferi 25 Rebi II. 583\/3 Temmuz 1187\u2019da H\u0131ttin\u2019de kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Erdo\u011fan Mer\u00e7il-https:\/\/belleten.gov.tr\/tam-metin\/2145\/tur<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
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* Bu tebli\u011f 7-9 Mart 1988 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Kahire\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen \u201cNedve H\u0131tt\u00een\/H\u0131tt\u00een Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019 konulu sempozyumda okunmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/div>\n
D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/span><\/h5>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    el-Bund\u00e2r\u00ee, Sana’l-Bark el-\u015e\u00e2mi, n\u015fr. R. \u015ee\u015fen, I, Beyrut 1971, s.217.; R. \u015ee\u015fen, \u201c\u0130m\u00e2d Al-Din Al-K\u00e2tib Al-\u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin Eserlerindeki Anadolu Tarihiyle ilgili Bahisler\u2019. SA D, III. Ankara 1971, s.265.; Ayn\u0131 mlf., Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Devrinde Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler Devleti (Hicr\u00ee 369-589\/ Milad\u00ee 1174-1193), \u0130stanbul 1983, s.45.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    J.B.Chabot, Chronique de Muhille Syrien Patriarche Jacobut\u0131 d’Antioche, Paris 1905, III, s.372-3.; O.Turan, Sel\u00e7uklular Saman\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130stanbul 1971, s.210.: M.A. \u00c7ay, Anado\u00aclu’nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesinde D\u00f6n\u00fcm Noktas\u0131… \u0130stanbul 1984, s. 142.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Bk. Turan, ayn\u0131 eser, s.211.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Bk. Sana\u2019l-Berk, s.331-2; \u015ee\u015fen, “Anadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler\u201d, 266-7.; \u0130bn el- Es\u00eer, el-K\u00e2mil fi\u2019t-Tarih (n\u015fr. C.J.Tomberg), Beyrut 1966, XI, s-458\/Trk. trc. A. \u00d6zayd\u0131n, \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi El-K\u00e2mil Fi\u2019t-T\u00e2rih Terc\u00fcmesi, \u0130stanbul 1987, XI, s.366.; \u015ee\u015fen, Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een, s.46.; Turan, ayn\u0131 eser, s.211-12.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Sana \u2019l-Berk, 344-347.; \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler\u2019, 268-70.; \u0130bn el- Es\u00eer, XI, 5.464-466\/^11. trc., XI, s.370-71.; Gregory Ab\u00fb\u2019l-Farac (Bar Hebraeus), Ab\u00fb’l\u00b7 Faroe Tanhi (T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7vr. \u00d6.R.Do\u011frul), Ankara 1987′, II, s.425-6.; \u015ee\u015fen, Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een, s.46.; Turan, ayn\u0131 eser, s.212.; Ayn\u0131 mlf., Do\u011fu Anadolu T\u00fcrk Devletleri Tarihi, \u0130stanbul 1973, 168-169.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Turan, Do\u011fu Anadolu, s. 167-168. Turan bu eserinde 570 tarihinde \u015eih\u00e2bedd\u00een Muhammed\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve yerine o\u011flu Muinedd\u00een\u2019in ge\u00e7ti\u011fini zikrediyor. Ancak \u015ee\u015fen (Ana\u00acdolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler, s.274 n.85) 570 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130lyas\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve yerine o\u011flu \u015eihabedd\u00een Muhammed\u2019in ge\u00e7ti\u011fini belirtiyor. \u015ee\u015fen ba\u015fka bir eserinde (Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een, s.48) bu \u015fahs\u0131 \u015eih\u00e2bedd\u00een Mahm\u00fbd olarak g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    Bk. \u0130m\u00e2d el-D\u00een el-\u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee, El-Bark El-\u015e\u00e2m\u00ee (n\u015fr. R. \u015ee\u015fen) Be\u015finci Cild, \u0130stanbul 1979, s.8-9.; \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler”, 274-75.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    el-Brrk el-\u015e\u00e2m\u00ee, 9-14.; \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler”, 273-78.; Ibn el- Es\u00eer, XI, s.482-84\/Trk. trc., XI, s. 383-4; \u015ee\u015fen, Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een, 49.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler\u201d, s.283-285.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  10. \n
    el-Berk el-\u015e\u00e2mi, s.29, 62; \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler\u201d, 295-6.; Ibn el- Es\u00eer, s.488-89\/Trk.trc., 388. Kr\u015f. Turan, Do\u011fu Anadolu, s.98.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  11. \n
    el-Berk el-\u015e\u00e2m\u00ee, 21-23 ve 341 \u015ee\u015fen\u00b7 \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler\u201d, 287-290; \u0130bn el-Esir, XI, s. 487-88\/Trk. trc., 387-88.; Ebu\u2019l-Ferec, 429-30.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  12. \n
    \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle ilgili Bahisler”, s.291-2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  13. \n
    el-Berk el-\u015e\u00e2m\u00ee, 62-65.; \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle ilgili Bahisler”, 295-297.; ibn el- Es\u00eer, XI, s.489\/Trk.trc\u201e XI, s.388-89.; Ebu\u2019l Ferec, 430. Kr\u015f. Turan, Do\u011fu Anadolu, s. 98, 198.; \u015ee\u015fen Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een, 48-49.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  14. \n
    el-Berk el-\u015e\u00e2mi, 66-80; \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler”, s.293-302.; Ibn el- Es\u00eer, XI, s.493-94\/Trk.trc., XI, 5.391-392.: Ebu\u2019l-Ferec, 430-1.; Turan, Do\u011fu Anadolu, 99, 170-173.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  15. \n
    el-Berk el-\u015e\u00e2mi, s.8o-8[.; \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler”, 304-6.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  16. \n
    el-Berk el-\u015e\u00e2m\u00ee, s.97.; \u015ee\u015fen, ayn\u0131 eser, 308.; Ayn\u0131 mlf., Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een, 49.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  17. \n
    el-Berk el-\u015e\u00e2mi, s. 100; \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler\u201d, 309.; Ibn el-Esir, XI, s.495\/ Trk.trc., XI, s.393.; Ebu\u2019l-Ferec, s.431.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  18. \n
    el-Berk el-\u015e\u00e2m\u00ee, s.101-110.; \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler”, s.309-313, 315.; \u0130bn el-Es\u00eer, XI, s.496-498\/Trk.trc.,XI, s.393-5.; Ebu\u2019l-Ferec, 431-433.; \u015ee\u015fen, Sal\u00e2haddin, 49-50.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  19. \n
    R.\u015ee\u015fen, Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee ve Devlet, \u0130stanbul 1987, s.81-82.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  20. \n
    S.Runciman, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferim Tarihi (\u00e7vr. Fikret I\u015f\u0131ltan), Ankara 1987, II cild, s.365.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  21. \n
    el-Berk el-\u015e\u00e2m\u00ee, s. 112-113.; \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler”, s.314.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  22. \n
    \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler\u201d, 329-31, 343.; tbn el-Es\u00eer, XI, 5.511\/ Trk.trc., XI.s.404., Ebu\u2019l-Ferec, 435.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  23. \n
    \u015ee\u015fen, \u201cAnadolu Tarihiyle \u0130lgili Bahisler\u201d, 338-41.; \u0130bn el-Es\u00eer, XI, s.515-16\/ Trk.trc., XI, s.407-408.; EbuTFerec, 436.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  24. \n
    \u015ee\u015fen, ayn\u0131 eser, s.340-41.; EbuTFerec, s.436. Kr\u015f. Turan, Do\u011fu Anadolu, 100, 113.; \u015ee\u015fen, Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fcbi ve Devlet, s.83.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  25. \n
    \u015ee\u015fen, Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbbi ve Devlet, s.84.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0Selahaddin Eyyubi, Anadolu, T\u00fcrk Devletleri, Zengiler, \u0130slam, Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler, Tarih Bir T\u00fcrk devleti olan Zeng\u00eeler\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Atabey N\u00fbredd\u00een Mahm\u00fbd \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra (1174), kumandanlar\u0131nda Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler Devieti\u2019ni kurdu. Daha sonra Abbas\u00ee halifesi el-Mustaz\u00ee (1170-1180), Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een\u2019in Suriye ve Elcezire h\u00e2kimiyetini tan\u0131d\u0131. Sal\u00e2hadd\u00een bununla ilgili haberi 12 \u015eevval 570\/6 May\u0131s 1175\u2019de ald\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23256,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084],"tags":[6178,1616,6398],"class_list":["post-23255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","tag-eyyubiler","tag-manset","tag-salahaddin-eyyubi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23255","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23255"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23255\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23257,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23255\/revisions\/23257"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23255"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}