{"id":23173,"date":"2023-12-11T07:00:42","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T04:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23173"},"modified":"2023-12-10T12:59:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-10T09:59:41","slug":"kurdistanli-yahudiler-ve-israile-goc-meselesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23173","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudiler ve \u0130srail\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 meselesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt kamuoyunda galat-\u0131 me\u015fhur (herkes\u00e7e bilinen yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi) kabilinden\u00a0<em>\u201cYahudi K\u00fcrtler\u201d<\/em>\u00a0tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Oysa do\u011fru tan\u0131m,\u00a0<em>\u201cK\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudiler\u201d\u00a0<\/em>veya\u00a0<em>\u201cK\u00fcrtle\u015fmi\u015f Yahudiler\u201d\u00a0<\/em>kavram\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011frudur: Babil\u2019deki uzun s\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6neminde Yahudi misyonerleri, Mezopotamya halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kendi dinlerini yaymaya koyulmu\u015f ve do\u011fal olarak baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt topluluklar\u0131 da bu s\u0131rada Yahudili\u011fi benimsemi\u015f olmal\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Yine de say\u0131lar\u0131 Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan bu yana<em>\u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrt Yahudileri\u201d\u00a0<\/em>denilemeyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Irak\/K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131nda kalanlar\u0131 ise \u00f6zellikle K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri ve beylerinin himayesine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n<p>Bunlara\u00a0<em>\u201cK\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudiler\u201d\u00a0<\/em>demek daha isabetli olur.<\/p>\n<p>Vikipedi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ansiklopedisindeki tan\u0131m \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n<p><em>K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki Yahudilerin (\u0130branice:\u00a0<\/em><em>\u05d9\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea<\/em>\u00a0<em>\u05db\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u05e1\u05ea\u05d0\u05df<\/em><em>, romanize: Yehudot Kurdistan) tarihi, eski\u00a0<\/em><em>\u00e7<\/em><em>a<\/em><em>\u011f<\/em><em>lardan beri\u00a0<\/em><em>\u0130<\/em><em>ran\u2019<\/em><em>\u0131<\/em><em>n bir k<\/em><em>\u0131<\/em><em>sm<\/em><em>\u0131<\/em><em>n<\/em><em>\u0131<\/em><em>, Kuzey Irak\u2019<\/em><em>\u0131<\/em><em>\u00a0(K<\/em><em>\u00fc<\/em><em>rdistan b<\/em><em>\u00f6<\/em><em>lgesi-FB), Ermenistan\u2019<\/em><em>\u0131<\/em><em>, Suriye\u2019de ya<\/em><em>\u015f<\/em><em>ayan Yahudileri kapsar. K\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve giyim tarzlar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman K\u00fcrtlere benzer.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Her durumda ansiklopediler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman<em>\u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudiler\u201d\u00a0<\/em>deyimini kullanmakla birlikte ara s\u0131ra<em>\u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrt Yahudileri\u201d\u00a0<\/em>tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 hususta<em>\u00a0\u201cMizrahi (Do\u011fulu) Yahudi Topluluklar\u0131\u201d\u00a0<\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015funlar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><em>Co\u011frafi bak\u0131mdan K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015famaktalar. Bu alan; \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131, Kuzey Irak, Suriye\u2019nin kuzeydo\u011fusu (Rojava-FB) ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerini kapsamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcrt Yahudileri, 1940-1950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Arap ve \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinden kovulana kadar di\u011fer etnik topluluklarla bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p><em>Yahudi K\u00fcrtler, Musevi dinine mensuplar ve Ortado\u011fu k\u00f6kenlidirler. Cemaat, Aramice-\u0130branice sentezinden olu\u015fan bir dil ile K\u00fcrt\u00e7eyi (Kurmanci leh\u00e7esini) yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131yor. Mizrahi Yahudiler tan\u0131m\u0131 ise sadece ayinlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ok say\u0131da K\u00fcrt Yahudisinin, bilhassa Irak k\u00f6kenli olanlar\u0131n Sefarad olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Yahudi cemaatiyle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p kayna\u015fmas\u0131 18\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise, K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130srail Devleti\u2019ne g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu cemaat de; di\u011fer cemaatler gibi ya Arap \u00fclkelerinden tehcir edilmi\u015f veya ana topluluktan kopup gelerek Aliya (Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u0130srail\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7en Yahudiler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u0130branice deyim) olan topluluklardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><em>(Wikipedia \u0130ngilizce,<\/em><em><br \/>\n\u201cHistory of the Jews in Kurdistan\u201d<br \/>\n(K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudilerin Tarihi)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re: Milattan \u00f6nce 8\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Asurlular\u0131n \u0130srail Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131yla K\u00fcrdistan b\u00f6lgesine s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u0130srail o\u011fullar\u0131ndan bir grup, daha sonra Asur\u2019un ba\u015fkentine yerle\u015ftirildiler. Milattan \u00f6nce 1\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015fkenti Arbela (Erbil) olan Adiabene hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yahudili\u011fe ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n<p>Kimilerine g\u00f6re bu hanedan mensuplar\u0131 K\u00fcrt idiler.<\/p>\n<p>Bu tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin birka\u00e7 ayr\u0131nt\u0131ya de\u011finmeliyim. \u0130ncil\u2019de anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla olaylar \u015f\u00f6yle geli\u015fmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130srail Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n M\u00d6 722\u2019de Asur Kral\u0131 3. Salmanasar taraf\u0131ndan yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda bir k\u0131s\u0131m Yahudi, Med \u00fclkesi ile Mezopotamya\u2019ya yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/li>\n<li>Medler ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan 2. Nebukadnezar (Buhtunnasr) ise, Asurlular\u0131 yener ve pek \u00e7ok Yahudi\u2019yi Babil ve \u00e7evresine yerle\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<li>M\u0131s\u0131r-Babil \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde Yehuda Kral\u0131 Yehoyakim, Nebukadnezar\u2019a hara\u00e7 vermeyi keser ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda durur. Nebukadnezar bu ayaklanmalar\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131r. M\u00d6. 599 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc ku\u015fat\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bir y\u0131l sonra Yehoyakim ku\u015fatma esnas\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcr. Yerine \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan o\u011flu Yekoniya ge\u00e7er. \u015eehir \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra M\u00d6 597\u2019de d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/li>\n<li>Nebukadnezar, Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc ve Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 talan eder, b\u00fct\u00fcn ganimetleri Babil\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131r. Yekoniya, din adamlar\u0131, yerel halk ve zanaatk\u00e2rlardan olu\u015fan 10 bine yak\u0131n Yehudal\u0131 Yahudi s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir.<\/li>\n<li>Yahudiler Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Nebukadnezar, S\u0131dkiya\u2019y\u0131 y\u00f6netimin ba\u015f\u0131na koyar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0130lerleyen d\u00f6nemde, Ermeni Kral\u0131 II. Tigran (Dikran)\u2019\u0131n M\u00d6 83-71 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Filistin\u2019i i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok Yahudi Kuzey Mezopotamya\u2019ya yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca Hahamlar\u0131n misyonerlik faaliyetleri sebebiyle Yahudilik, yerel halklar aras\u0131nda h\u0131zla yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve geni\u015f kitle taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgedeki Yahudiler, \u0130srail Devleti 1948\u2019de kurulana dek varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te Yunan, Roma, Sasani, Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 idaresinde ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca, Irak Yahudileri, kendi benliklerini korumay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n Yahudi seyyahlar\u0131 Tudelal\u0131 Benjamin ve Regensburglu Petahiah\u2019\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re; 12\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00f6lgede Yahudilere ait 100 dolay\u0131nda yerle\u015fim birimi ve y\u00fckl\u00fc miktarda Yahudi n\u00fcfusu bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu seyyahlar, K\u00fcrdistan Yahudilerinin ticari ve ruhani merkezi olan Musul\u2019daki varl\u0131kl\u0131 Yahudi cemaatinden de bahsederler.<\/p>\n<p>Tudelal\u0131 Benjamin d\u00f6nemin Fars Kral\u0131na meydan okuyan mesihvari lideri David Alroy\u2019dan ve onun Yahudileri Kud\u00fcs\u2019e geri g\u00f6t\u00fcrme planlar\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z eder.<\/p>\n<p>Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinden korkan Suriye ve Filistin\u2019deki Yahudiler Babil ile K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a ka\u00e7arlar. O s\u0131ralarda Musul, Yahudilerin \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimindedir.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni \u00c7a\u011fda K\u00fcrtler ve Irak\u2019taki Yahudiler aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler; 16\u2019nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ile 17\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, birka\u00e7 K\u00fcrt a\u015firetinin Safevi h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u015eah Abbas taraf\u0131ndan \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kuzey s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 korumak \u00fczere Horasan b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015ftirilmesinde de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lgede bulunan Yahudiler de bu a\u015firetlerle birlikte b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Milattan sonra 1590-1670 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve Haham Samuel Barzani\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 olan Asenath Barzani Tora, daha sonra K\u00fcrdistan \u015fehri olan Amediye\u2019nin Haham\u0131 Jacob (Yakov) Mizrahi ile evlendi.<\/p>\n<p>Ondan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi Talmud ve Kabala bilgisi sayesinde \u00fcn kazand\u0131. Ye\u015fiva\u2019da (dini okul) \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapan kocas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle Tora, konusunda ba\u015f\u00f6\u011fretmen ilan edildi.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6ylece kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenen\u00a0<em>\u201cTalmud bilgini\u201d\u00a0<\/em>anlam\u0131na gelen<em>\u00a0\u201cTanna\u2019it\u201d<\/em>\u00a0unvan\u0131 ad\u0131na eklendi.<\/p>\n<p>Tasavvuf ilmini almas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Tanna\u2019it Asenath\u2019\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gizli isimlerini bildi\u011fi de rivayet edilir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirleri ve \u0130brani dili \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumlar\u0131yla da \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Asenath\u2019\u0131n \u015fiirleri, kad\u0131n eliyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk modern \u0130branice eserlerin ender \u00f6rneklerindendir.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcrt Yahudileri, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Ka\u015fan b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu 1700 ve 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Anadolu\u2019nun k\u0131rsal alanlar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>O s\u0131rada bilhassa Gaziantep ile Malatya, yo\u011fun Yahudi n\u00fcfusa sahipti. Genellikle son derece gizli\/gizemli bir cemaat olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7evredeki di\u011fer topluluklarla ili\u015fkileri olumsuz de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcrdistan Yahudilerinin o tarihte<em>\u00a0\u201c\u0130srail Topra\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/em>\u00a0diye an\u0131lan b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6\u00e7meleri 16\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131la denk d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 Hahaml\u0131k Okulu \u00f6\u011frencileriyle birlikte Galile (Celil) ve Safad\u2019a (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130srail-L\u00fcbnan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fim yerleri-FB.) ula\u015f\u0131rlar ve ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015firler.<\/p>\n<p>Bu cemaatin geli\u015fip b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi 1660 y\u0131l\u0131nda durdu, ekonomisi geriledi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc D\u00fcrzi inan\u00e7l\u0131 topluluklarla b\u00f6lge denetimi konusunda \u00e7eki\u015fme ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7ine girmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n<p>20\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, siyasi Siyonist hareket i\u00e7inde aktif rol ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Ailesi 1920\u2019lerin sonunda g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp Kud\u00fcs \u015fehrine yerle\u015fen Mo\u015fe Barzani (1926-1947), Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta do\u011fmu\u015f ancak ailesi Barzan b\u00f6lgesine ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. 6 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ailesi Kud\u00fcs\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Barzani, Lehi (\u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131 devrinde Filistin\u2019de kurulan yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131\/illegal \u0130srail \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131-FB) hareketinin en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudi \u015fahsiyeti olarak \u00fcnlendi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hayli radikal ve Siyonist ba\u011fnaz\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fct say\u0131lan Lehi, daha \u00e7ok kurucusunun ad\u0131na atfen\u00a0<em>\u201cStern \u00c7etesi\u201d\u00a0<\/em>olarak bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u015fe Barzani, illegal \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn militan\u0131 olmas\u0131 hasebiyle tutuklan\u0131r. Hakk\u0131nda idam karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve Kud\u00fcs\u2019teki Merkez Hapishanesi\u2019nde infaz\u0131n\u0131 beklemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>O s\u0131rada bir ba\u015fka radikal \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-Siyonist \u00f6rg\u00fct olan Irgun mensubu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in idam cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilen Meir Feinstein ile birlikte gizlice i\u00e7eriye sokulan el bombas\u0131yla intihar eder.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10719\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10719 td-animation-stack-type1-2\" src=\"https:\/\/kovarabir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mossad-sefi-Meir-Amit-Molla-M.-Barzani-Israil-Cumhurbaskani-Zalman-Sazar-ve-Yaveri-Arie-Raz-300x200.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 437px) 100vw, 437px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kovarabir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mossad-sefi-Meir-Amit-Molla-M.-Barzani-Israil-Cumhurbaskani-Zalman-Sazar-ve-Yaveri-Arie-Raz-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kovarabir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mossad-sefi-Meir-Amit-Molla-M.-Barzani-Israil-Cumhurbaskani-Zalman-Sazar-ve-Yaveri-Arie-Raz-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kovarabir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mossad-sefi-Meir-Amit-Molla-M.-Barzani-Israil-Cumhurbaskani-Zalman-Sazar-ve-Yaveri-Arie-Raz-696x464.jpg 696w, https:\/\/kovarabir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mossad-sefi-Meir-Amit-Molla-M.-Barzani-Israil-Cumhurbaskani-Zalman-Sazar-ve-Yaveri-Arie-Raz-630x420.jpg 630w, https:\/\/kovarabir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mossad-sefi-Meir-Amit-Molla-M.-Barzani-Israil-Cumhurbaskani-Zalman-Sazar-ve-Yaveri-Arie-Raz.jpg 800w\" alt=\"\" width=\"437\" height=\"291\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10719\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mossad \u015fefi Meir Amit, Molla M. Barzani, \u0130srail Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Zalman \u015eazar ve Yaveri Arie Raz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudilerin kitlesel tehciri, 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu \u0130srail\u2019e gider. \u0130ran K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki Yahudilerin hemen hepsi, ayn\u0131 zaman dilimi i\u00e7inde \u0130srail\u2019de yerle\u015ftirilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Sadece sinagoglar\u0131 kal\u0131r K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da. Kimse kalmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen sinagoglar\u0131 tahkim edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130srail-K\u00fcrt \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ali Kerk\u00fckl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, manaz.net sitesinde yay\u0131nlanan 5 Mart 2015 tarihli makalesinde, \u0130srail-K\u00fcrt ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 bilgilere yer verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n<p><em>Hagai Eshed\u2019in \u2018One Man Mossed: Reuven Shiloah, Father of Israeli Intelligence\u2019 (Tek Adaml\u0131k Mossad: \u0130srail \u0130stihbarat\u0131n\u0131n Babas\u0131) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesine g\u00f6re Zoslanski; 1931-1934 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Irak gezileri s\u0131ras\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerle ili\u015fki kurmu\u015ftu.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0130srailli yazar Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi de \u2018The Israeli Connection: Who Israel Army and Why?\u2019 (\u0130srail \u0130rtibat\u0131: \u0130srail Kimi, Neden Silahland\u0131r\u0131yor?) isimli kitab\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u2018Irak\u2019taki K\u00fcrt isyanc\u0131lar, her zaman \u0130srail\u2019in ilgi alan\u0131 i\u00e7indeydi. Mossad\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrtlere deste\u011fi 1958\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130srailli askeri dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131n K\u00fcrtlere iletti\u011fi cephane ve silahlar\u0131 kapsayan geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli yard\u0131m\u0131n tarihi ise 1963 y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra da \u0130srailli askeri uzmanlar, Kuzey Irak\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinde e\u011fitim kamplar\u0131 olu\u015fturdular. Haziran 1966\u2019da Ba\u015fbakan Levi E\u015fkol, Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Hayfa \u00dcniversitesi akademisyeni Prof. Dr. Amatzia Baram, \u0130srail ve Irak\u2019taki K\u00fcrt Sorunu isimli kitab\u0131nda, \u2018Mossad\u2019\u0131n (\u015eah d\u00f6nemindeki) \u0130ran istihbarat te\u015fkilat\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla K\u00fcrtlere askeri uzman, doktor, ila\u00e7 ve silah g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini\u2019 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>ABD d\u0131\u015f politika uzman\u0131 Jack Anderson\u2019un Washington Post gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanan18 Eyl\u00fcl 1972 tarihli makalesine g\u00f6re ise: \u0130zleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te Mossad \u015fefi Zvi Zamir, Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyindeki da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgede askeri kamplarda ya\u015fayan Molla Mustafa Barzani\u2019yi ziyaret etmi\u015fti.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130ddialar b\u00f6yle! Biz eksik b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yahut yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hususlar\u0131 d\u00fczeltip tamamlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>Yahudiler ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli ili\u015fki, 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan ter\u00f6rist ilan edilen Yahudi Haganah \u00fcyesi, Mossad istihbarat te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u015fefi Reuven \u015eiloah (Zoslanski) taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu.<\/p>\n<p>Ben Gurion taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen ve ileride \u0130srail gizli servisi Mossad\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ecek olan \u015eiloah, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun siyasi ve demografik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 incelemek; potansiyel tehditler ve ittifak yap\u0131labilecek ki\u015fi ve gruplar hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplamak maksad\u0131yla Irak ve K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eiloah bu g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Irak\u2019\u0131 gezdi ve kuzeyindeki da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgede K\u00fcrtlerle tan\u0131\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 buldu. Arap olmayan ve Araplarla sorunlar\u0131 bulunan bu grupla ittifak\u0131n, \u0130srail Devleti i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olabilece\u011fi sonucuna vararak bu y\u00f6nde planlar haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eiloah b\u00f6lgede bir ajanlar a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturdu ve K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde ba\u011flant\u0131lar edindi. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n, Irakl\u0131 Yahudilerin Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinden T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran yolu ile Filistin\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek yerle\u015ftirilmesinde \u00e7ok faydas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1900-1926 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bin 900, 1935\u2019te ise 2 bin 500 Yahudi Filistin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130srail ve Irak\u2019taki K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli siyasi temas; 1964\u2019te \u015eimon Peres\u2019in Savunma Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 1940 ve 50\u2019lerde \u0130srail ile temas\u0131 olan Dr. Kamuran Ali Bedirhan Peres ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Bedirhan, Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6nemli temsilcisi Celal Talabani ile \u015e. Peres\u2019in bulu\u015fmas\u0131nda da arac\u0131 oldu. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, bir grup pe\u015fmergenin \u0130srail\u2019de e\u011fitim almas\u0131 i\u00e7in anla\u015fma sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1965\u2019te<em>\u00a0\u201cMerved (Hal\u0131) Operasyonu\u201d\u00a0<\/em>gere\u011fi bu pe\u015fmergeler \u0130srail\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek orada 3 ay e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irildi. Yine \u00fc\u00e7 askeri istihbarat\u00e7\u0131, Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine giderek pe\u015fmergeleri e\u011fitmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Molla Mustafa Barzani ile o\u011flu Mesut, 1968 ve 1973\u2019te iki kez \u0130srail\u2019i ziyaret etti. \u0130lk ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin \u0130srail Savunma Bakan\u0131 Mo\u015fe Dayan ile bulu\u015fan Barzani ikilisi, kendisine \u00f6zel bir K\u00fcrt han\u00e7eri hediye ettiler.<\/p>\n<p>Bu m\u00fcnasebetle Molla Mustafa Barzani, \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp \u0130srail\u2019e yerle\u015fmi\u015f bulunan \u00e7ocukluk arkada\u015f\u0131 olan bir aile reisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp hasret gidermi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Bu seyahatleri esnas\u0131nda, Siyonizm ve sosyalizmin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile olu\u015fturulan felsefi Kibbutizm (k\u0131rsal tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim kooperatifleri) turlar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131; aralar\u0131nda gazete edit\u00f6rleri ve Menahem Begin\u2019in de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikac\u0131larla bir araya geldi\u011fi ve bu ili\u015fkilerin tamamen gizli tutuldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Yine bu d\u00f6nemde, Mossad ve Savak\u2019\u0131n (\u015eah d\u00f6nemi istihbarat te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n), Barzani idaresindeki K\u00fcrtlere, \u201cParastin\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir K\u00fcrt istihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda destek verdi\u011fi de belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ili\u015fkiler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde isyanc\u0131 K\u00fcrtlere, teknik destek d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 500 bin dolarl\u0131k bir mali yard\u0131m yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Irak ile \u0130ran aras\u0131nda 1975\u2019de imzalanan Cezayir Antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu, \u0130ran y\u00f6netimi K\u00fcrtleri desteklemekten vaz ge\u00e7ip s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmi\u015f; b\u00f6ylece, K\u00fcrtlerin \u0130srail\u2019den yard\u0131m alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f ve \u0130srail-K\u00fcrt ili\u015fkilerinin etkin bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudilerin kutsal mek\u00e2nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Irak-K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131ndaki Aliku\u015f\u2019ta Peygamber Nahum\u2019un, Nabi Yunus\u2019ta Peygamber Yona\u2019n\u0131n ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019te peygamber Danyal\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcrbeleri vard\u0131r. Bunlar Yahudilerin K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki en \u00f6nemli an\u0131tlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Peygamber \u0130lyas\u2019\u0131n ziyaret etti\u011fine inan\u0131lan ma\u011faralar da Yahudiler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli mek\u00e2nlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Duhok vilayeti \u00e7evresinde g\u00f6r\u00fcp konu\u015ftu\u011fum Ezd\u00ee piri Mir Tahsin ile di\u011fer \u015feyhler, bana<em>\u00a0\u201cMusul\u2019daki Yunus peygamberin \u00a0asl\u0131nda K\u00fcrt olduklar\u0131n\u0131\u201d<\/em>\u00a0s\u00f6ylediler.<\/p>\n<p>Kutsanan t\u00fcrbeler aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemlileri; Yukar\u0131 Amediye\u2019de bulunan Hazan David ile Hazan Yusuf\u2019un mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Navi Yehezqel mezarlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>930\u2019larda ya\u015fayan bu kutsal \u015fahsiyetlerin mezarlar\u0131 b\u00f6lge Yahudilerince kutsal say\u0131lmakta ve ziyaret edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u015fahsiyetlerin Pers b\u00f6lgesinden geldikleri san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla 13\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda Amediye\u2019ye yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi, son y\u0131llarda \u015eirzad Omar Mamsani\u2019yi, Vak\u0131flar ve Dini Ayinler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesindeki Yahudi cemaatinin temsilcisi olarak atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak \u0130srail\u2019deki Cemaat, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da Yahudi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolunda bildirimde bulununca, \u015eirzad Oman Mamsani fiilen istifa etmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Her durumda K\u00fcrdistan d\u00e2hil Arap \u00fclkelerindeki Yahudilere, Hanuka (I\u015f\u0131k Bayram\u0131) bayram\u0131n\u0131n kutlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan malzemelerin el alt\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilmesi, asl\u0131nda hal\u00e2 orada kalan Yahudilerin var oldu\u011funu ama kimliklerini gizlediklerini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Eksik tarih ve belgeler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcrt Yahudiler b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer Yahudi topluluklar\u0131n tersine, yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve geli\u015fkin bir tarih b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sadece arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yard\u0131m\u0131 ile baz\u0131 bilgiler edinilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Ne yaz\u0131k ki, \u015fimdiye kadar K\u00fcrt Yahudileri \u00fczerine sa\u011flam ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgilere ula\u015f\u0131labilecek mezarl\u0131klar, kutsal alanlar veya K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki sinagoglarda bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015e\u00fcphesiz K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da Yahudi yerle\u015fkesi \u00e7ok eskidir. Bir ta\u015f at\u0131m\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktaki b\u00f6lgeden Talmud\u2019da hi\u00e7 bahsedilmemesi ise ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>12\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ve 13\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda Al Harizi\u2019nin b\u00f6lge hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6zlem ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda bu tarih biraz netle\u015fmi\u015f ve a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa da kesin ayr\u0131nt\u0131 ve bilgilere ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Musevi inan\u00e7l\u0131 Alman etnograf Erich Brauer, b\u00f6lgedeki Yahudi cemaatinin baz\u0131 mensuplar\u0131yla r\u00f6portajlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Asistan\u0131 Raphael Patal, \u00fcstad\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130branice yay\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0<em>\u201cYehud\u00ea Kurdistan: Mehqar ethnograpy\u201d\u00a0<\/em>ad\u0131yla Kud\u00fcs\u2019te bas\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise \u0130ngilizce \u00e7evirisi yay\u0131mland\u0131.<br \/>\n\u0130srailli din ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Modechai (Mordehay) Zaken, y\u00fcksek lisans tezinde bu r\u00f6portajlara da yer verdi.<\/p>\n<p>Kitapla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma daha \u00e7ok ar\u015fivler ile s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131mlara dayal\u0131 olup, Yahudiler ile K\u00fcrt efendilerinin ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Zaken, 56 K\u00fcrt Yahudi ile toplu halde y\u00fczlerce s\u00f6yle\u015fi ve r\u00f6portaj yapt\u0131. Amac\u0131, s\u00f6yle\u015fi yap\u0131lanlar\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n kaybolup gitmemesiydi.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp dinledi\u011fi K\u00fcrtlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Irak K\u00fcrdistan b\u00f6lgesindeki Zaho, Akra, Amediye, Duhok, S\u00fcleymaniye ve \u015eino gibi kasaba ve \u015fehirlerden gelmi\u015f Yahudilerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca Bahdinan b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan onlarca k\u00f6y ile b\u00f6lgedeki K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerinin himayesindeki Yahudilerle de y\u00fcz y\u00fcze sohbet-anlat\u0131m-s\u00f6yle\u015filer ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Raporlar ve rivayetlerin derlemesinden olu\u015fan bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 o zamanki K\u00fcrt toplumu ve a\u015firetlerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fine de \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Akademik tez halinde sunulan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ilgili komisyon (kurul) taraf\u0131ndan okunup onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Arap\u00e7a, \u0130ngilizce ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7enin Sorani ve Kurmanci leh\u00e7elerine \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130srail\u2019de K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudilerin n\u00fcfusu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bilindi\u011fi gibi 1948\u2019de \u0130srail devleti ilan edildi. 1950-1952 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ezra ve Nehemia Operasyonlar\u0131 ile aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n da oldu\u011fu 25 bin K\u00fcrt Yahudi K\u0131br\u0131s ve \u0130ran \u00fczerinden hava yoluyla \u0130srail\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bunlar daha \u00e7ok Kud\u00fcs\u2019te g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir topluluk olarak ya\u015famakta olsalar da \u0130srail\u2019in her taraf\u0131nda varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n<p>Say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 1988 rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 180 bine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen bu toplulu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u0130srail Devleti kurulduktan sonra \u0130srail\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka kaynakta ise s\u00f6z konusu operasyonlar (Irakl\u0131 ve K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudilerin farkl\u0131 yollarla \u0130srail\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 olay\u0131) neticesinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 bin ki\u015finin g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildi\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>30 Eyl\u00fcl 2013 tarihli The Times of Israil isimli sa\u011fc\u0131 gazeteye g\u00f6re; \u0130srail\u2019de ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudi say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 bin ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n<p>Yar\u0131ya yak\u0131n\u0131 Kud\u00fcs\u2019te ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. \u0130srail topraklar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde, bu cemaat taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f olan tar\u0131m k\u00f6ylerinin say\u0131s\u0131 30 dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla say\u0131lar\u0131 300-400 bin olarak tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Irakl\u0131 Yahudilerin \u0130srail\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde; tarihi vatana d\u00f6nme \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fc ile \u0130srail\u2019in kurulmas\u0131yla giderek artan Arap-\u0130srail gerginli\u011fi ve akabinde geli\u015fen Arap-\u0130srail sava\u015flar\u0131 sonucunda Yahudilerin bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 ve hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n tehlikede olmas\u0131 da etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7e\u015fitli Yahudi antropologlar ve sosyologlar 1930-1950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda K\u00fcrt Yahudilerinin tarihi, s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u015fiiri, m\u00fczik gelenekleri, dilleri ve halk edebiyatlar\u0131 \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>1948\u2019de \u0130srail\u2019in kurulmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan n\u00fcfus ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re: 187 K\u00fcrt Yahudi kabilesi bulunmakta idi. Bunlardan 146\u2019s\u0131 G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da, 19\u2019u \u0130ran, 11\u2019i T\u00fcrkiye ve di\u011fer 11\u2019i Rojava b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>O y\u0131llar\u0131n emin olunmayan say\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki Yahudiler tahminen 30 bin civar\u0131nda bir n\u00fcfusa sahiptiler.<\/p>\n<p>Daha \u00e7ok Hewler, Musul, Kerk\u00fck, Duhok, Zaxo, S\u00fcleymaniye ve Diyala \u015fehirlerinde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131lar. Bu istatistikler ve bilgiler Yahudi Ansiklopedisi\u2019ne dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Hakk\u00e2ri\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrklerin egemenli\u011finde ya\u015famak istemeyen Yahudi K\u00fcrtlerin en eski kabilelerinden Nirwa ve Tchalla (\u00c7alla\/\u00c7illa) ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7o\u011fu g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n<p>Zaten o d\u00f6nemde Yahudilerin b\u00f6lgede herhangi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ve etkileri yoktu. Bu etkisizlik ve b\u00f6lgedeki s\u00fcrekli kriz \u00f6b\u00fcr az\u0131nl\u0131klar gibi, K\u00fcrt Yahudileri de s\u00fcrg\u00fcne mecbur etti.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6ylece Mezopotamya\u2019y\u0131 tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan var eden topluluklar etkisizle\u015ftirilerek g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildi. Gittikleri ve yerle\u015ftikleri \u0130srail\u2019de de etkisiz kalan ve asimile olan K\u00fcrt Yahudiler b\u00f6lgenin kaderini payla\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Antropolog Prof. Dr. Suavi Ayd\u0131n,\u00a0<em>\u201cDiyarbekirlilik\u2019te kesi\u015fen \u00c2detler, Tatlar, Sesler, Dokular\u201d\u00a0<\/em>isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 belirtiyor:<\/p>\n<p><em>Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n 1927 say\u0131m\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re vil\u00e2yet sath\u0131nda (k\u00f6yler d\u00e2hil) Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 2 bin 490, Katolik ve Protestanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 402, Yahudilerin say\u0131s\u0131 ise 392 idi. Az say\u0131daki S\u00fcryani n\u00fcfus, Ermenilerin i\u00e7inde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcrt Yahudileri de denilen Diyarbekir Yahudileri, \u00c7ermik Yahudileri ile birlikte, 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130srail Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte \u015fehri terk ettiler.<\/p>\n<p>Genelde \u0130srail\u2019de \u00f6zelde Kud\u00fcs\u2019te etkili, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 sahiplenen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir K\u00fcrt Yahudi toplulu\u011fu var. \u0130\u00e7lerinden biri, Cizre-\u015e\u0131rnak k\u00f6kenli Mickey Levi \u0130srail Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n<p>Levi, 2015\u2019te Rudaw\u2019a verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda k\u00f6keniyle \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu:<\/p>\n<p><em>K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fcm ve K\u00fcrt olmaktan gurur duyuyorum. Annem ve babam K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131. Atalar\u0131m Cizreli. Eskiden evde hep K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015furduk!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015faktan 24 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Dodi;\u00a0<em>\u201cBen K\u00fcrt ve K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131y\u0131m. Ailem Zaxo\u2019dan gelmi\u015f. Kud\u00fcs bir K\u00fcrt \u015fehri de say\u0131labilir. Kime sorsan\u0131z K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgesini ve K\u00fcrd\u00fc bilir\u201d<\/em>\u00a0diyerek m\u00fcthi\u015f bir sahiplenme g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<p>Nitekim \u0130srail\u2019deki \u00a0Katamom b\u00f6lgesi ile Rashbag Caddesi Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan\u0131 gibidir. \u00c7o\u011funluk k\u00f6kenini de unutmam\u0131\u015f. Mahalle ve sokak isimleri K\u00fcrt ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7eyi (K\u00fcrti, Kud\u00fcs Manahue gibi) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yan\u0131lm\u0131yorsam 1990\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda Ya\u015far Kaya,\u00a0<em>\u201cS\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki K\u00fcrt Parlamentosu Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u201d<\/em>\u00a0s\u0131fat\u0131yla \u0130srail\u2019deki K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudiler derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan davet edilmi\u015f; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u015fiddetli itiraz\u0131 \u00fczerine \u0130srail y\u00f6netimi, bu geziye izin vermemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>Diyarbak\u0131r Sur Belediyesi\u2019nin eski ba\u015fkan\u0131 Abdullah Demirba\u015f, belediyecilik faaliyetleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde iki kez \u0130srailli K\u00fcrtlerle bulu\u015fmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n<p>Bitirmeden \u00f6nce bir iki noktaya de\u011finmeliyim:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130srail-K\u00fcrt ili\u015fkileri resmi de\u011fil gayriresmi olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. \u0130li\u015fkiler Irak K\u00fcrdistan b\u00f6lgesi \u00fczerinden gizlice veya kamuoyuna pek a\u00e7\u0131klanmayan yan\u0131yla devam etmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130srail\u2019de ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudiler baba yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret ederken, g\u00fcneyli K\u00fcrtler de \u0130srail\u2019i ziyaret etmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>Molla Mustafa Barzani\u2019nin soyunun Yahudi inan\u00e7l\u0131 bir aileye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolundaki iddia, s\u00f6ylenti ve rivayetler hem ger\u00e7ekd\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r hem de art niyetlidir.<\/li>\n<li>Bilhassa T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc-\u0130slamc\u0131 kesimler, bu yolla hem Yahudi ve K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklemek hem de her ikisiyle T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131na nifak sokma niyetindeler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Faik Bulut-indyturk.com<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><sup>Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/sup><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><sup>http:\/\/www.slis.indiana.edu\/faculty\/meho\/meho-bibliography-2001. \u201cIsrail\u2019deki Kurt Yahudileri cemaati.\u201d<br \/>\n2. Encyclopedia Judaica, Jerusalem 1972.<br \/>\n3. Encyclopaedia Judaica\u2019da \u201cIrbil\/Arbil\u201d maddesi.<br \/>\n4. History of the Jewsin Kurdistan, Wikipedia.<br \/>\n5. Ora Schwartz-Be\u2019eri, The Jews of Kurdistan: Daily Life, Customs, Arts and Crafts, UPNE publishers, 2000.<br \/>\n6. Mordechai Zaken, \u201cJewish Subjects and their tribal Chieftains in Kurdistan: A study in Survival\u201d, Jewish Identities in a Changing World, 9 (Boston: Brill Publishers, 2007).<br \/>\n7. Erich Bauer-Raphael Pati, The Jews of Kurdistan, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1993.<br \/>\n8. Asenath Barzani, \u201cAsenath\u2019s Petition\u201d, First published in Hebrew by Jacob Mann, Hebrew Union College Press, Cincinnati, 1931.<br \/>\n9. Yona Sabar, The Folk Literature of the Kurdistani Jews, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.<br \/>\n10. Ariel Sabar, My Father\u2019s Paradise: A Son\u2019s Search for His Jewish Past in Kurdish Iraq.<br \/>\n11. Mahir \u00dcnsal Eri\u015f, K\u00fcrt Yahudileri -Din, Dil, Tarih, (Kurdish Jews) In Turkish, Kalan Publishing.<br \/>\n12. Dr. Serkan Yenal, \u201cYahudi ve Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrt \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Tarihsel Analizi\u201d, \u0130srailiyat: \u0130srail ve Yahudi \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Dergisi, say 2, Yaz 2018.<br \/>\n13. Nissim Rejwan, \u201cThe Last Jews in Baghdad: Remembering a Lost Homeland\u201d, University of Texas, Austin, ABD-2004.<br \/>\n14. https:\/\/www.manaz.net\/kurtler-ve-israil-arasindaki-gizli-iliskiler, Ali Kerk\u00fckl\u00fc, 5 Mart 2015.<br \/>\n15. \u0130smet Y\u00fcce, \u0130srail\u2019deki K\u00fcrt Yahudiler, R\u00fbdaw sitesi, 11 \u015eubat 2020.<br \/>\n16. https:\/\/www.cermikgazetesi.com\/yahudi-kurtler-diyarbakiri-ne-zaman-terk-etti, 30 Haziran 2023.<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt kamuoyunda galat-\u0131 me\u015fhur (herkes\u00e7e bilinen yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi) kabilinden\u00a0\u201cYahudi K\u00fcrtler\u201d\u00a0tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Oysa do\u011fru tan\u0131m,\u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 Yahudiler\u201d\u00a0veya\u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrtle\u015fmi\u015f Yahudiler\u201d\u00a0kavram\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011frudur: Babil\u2019deki uzun s\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6neminde Yahudi misyonerleri, Mezopotamya halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kendi dinlerini yaymaya koyulmu\u015f ve do\u011fal olarak baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt topluluklar\u0131 da bu s\u0131rada Yahudili\u011fi benimsemi\u015f olmal\u0131lar. Yine de say\u0131lar\u0131 Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan bu yana\u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrt Yahudileri\u201d\u00a0denilemeyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23173"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23175,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23173\/revisions\/23175"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}