{"id":23152,"date":"2023-12-06T11:45:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23152"},"modified":"2023-12-06T11:45:59","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:45:59","slug":"misirdaki-arkeolojik-kazilarda-bulunan-kurd-tiplemesi-terakotasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23152","title":{"rendered":"MISIR\u2019DAK\u0130 ARKEOLOJ\u0130K KAZILARDA BULUNAN K\u00dcRD T\u0130PLEMES\u0130 TERAKOTASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ar\u015fiv taramas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 ve bir o kadar da gizemli kaynaklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yorum. \u00d6zelde kadim Bitlis\u2019e, genelde de K\u00fcrdlere dair ar\u015fiv \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmaktay\u0131m. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde matbu hale getirdi\u011fim birka\u00e7 kitap \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam ve de onlarca makalem bulunmakta. Bir o kadar da canl\u0131 yay\u0131n ve s\u00f6yle\u015fiye de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131, beni takip eden k\u0131ymetli tarih merakl\u0131lar\u0131 zaten bilmektedir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fim bu iz s\u00fcrme ser\u00fcveninde heyecanlanmama neden olan birka\u00e7 zirve an mevcuttur. Bu anlar bazen bir kaynak i\u00e7erisindeki bir c\u00fcmle olmu\u015ftur, bazen de hi\u00e7 daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6rseli ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan bir \u015feyin grav\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmamla olmu\u015ftur. Ya da fiziki olarak bir mek\u00e2n\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011fimde ki bu heyecanlardan bir tanesini daha hen\u00fcz bu yaz \u015eerif Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130talya\u2019daki mezar\u0131n\u0131 bulunca ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ancak 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir arkeoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 detaylar\u0131n\u0131 birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr s\u00fcrekli tekrardan g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmemi mecbur b\u0131rakan bir detay, yeni bir heyecan ya\u015famama neden oldu. Antik M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Memfis \u015fehrinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bir saray\u0131n harabelerinde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda, K\u00fcrd tiplemesine ait terakota heykel bulunmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Baran Zeydanl\u0131o\u011flu\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6zelde Britanyal\u0131lar\u0131n genelde ise Avrupa ve Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n 1700\u2019lerde ba\u015flayan \u015eark diyarlar\u0131na dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilinen bir olgudur. Bu konuda misyonerler, seyyahlar ve arkeologlar\u0131n tuttuklar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fckler, olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 ar\u015fivler ve matbu hale getirerek yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 eserler, tarihin ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 hususunda muazzam sayfalar a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu tarz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bildi\u011fim ve ismi zihnime kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan \u00fcnl\u00fc seyyah arkeolog Sir Austen Henry Layard\u2019d\u0131r ki kendisi Asur d\u00f6nenime ait o e\u015fsiz eserleri 1840\u2019lardaki kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u00a0Sir Layard, bu eserleri Londra\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek Britanya m\u00fczesindeki Mezopotamya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ki\u015fidir. Layard\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 her okudu\u011fumda, kaz\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Nineve\u2019de ona yard\u0131m eden K\u00fcrdler ve onlar\u0131n bu yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bir grav\u00fcr ile kendi kitab\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 o g\u00f6rsel akl\u0131ma gelir.<\/p>\n

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Asur harabeleri \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131lar\u0131 okumas\u0131 i\u00e7in Sir Layard\u2019\u0131 iple sark\u0131tan K\u00fcrdler, 1849, Nineve.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Ba\u015fta Kahire M\u00fczesi olmak \u00fczere, Britanya\u2019daki m\u00fczeler ve \u00f6zel koleksiyoncular\u0131n da envanterlerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan di\u011fer ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fc bir arkeolog da W. M. Flinders Petrie\u2019dir. 1853 Londra do\u011fumlu olan Petrie, Britanya\u2019daki gen\u00e7 arkeologlar\u0131n yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in muazzam altyap\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f ve onlar\u0131n sahada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, \u00f6zellikle antik M\u0131s\u0131r odakl\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerindeki kaz\u0131larda yer almalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131roloji dal\u0131nda ad\u0131n\u0131 tarihe yazd\u0131ran Petrie, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ilk kez Kahire yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan piramitleri incelemek i\u00e7in 1880 y\u0131l\u0131nda gelir. \u00d6zellikle Keops piramidi \u00fczerinde birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Petrie, ilerleyen y\u0131llarda ise sahadaki kaz\u0131larda yer alacak kendi ekibini olu\u015fturup, Londra- Kahire aras\u0131 onlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flar. Zira kendisi ayn\u0131 zamanda da Londra\u2019daki \u00dcniversite Koleji\u2019nde M\u0131s\u0131rolog ve profes\u00f6r olarak ders vermektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ekip say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve kaz\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 zamanla art\u0131ran Profes\u00f6r Petrie, aralar\u0131nda Sina Yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki harabeler de olmak \u00fczere A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r Nil Delta\u2019s\u0131 boyunca bir\u00e7ok noktada kaz\u0131 sahalar\u0131 haz\u0131rlatt\u0131r\u0131r. Bunlardan iki tanesi olan Qurnch ve Menfis\u2019e dair detayl\u0131 dok\u00fcmantasyon ve g\u00f6rsel ar\u015fivi olu\u015fturur ki Menfis\u2019deki Apries Saray\u0131 kaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan objeler m\u00fcthi\u015f \u00f6nem arz etmektedirler.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

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Kral Apreis taraf\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 580\u2019lerde yapt\u0131r\u0131lan saray\u0131n kaz\u0131 \u00f6ncesi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, 1908<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Bir K\u00fcrd\u2019e ait oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ile envantere i\u015flenen terakota da yani pi\u015fmi\u015f topraktan yap\u0131lma bir b\u00fcst de 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olan bu arkeolojik kaz\u0131 katalo\u011funda 73 numaras\u0131 ile yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Asurlulardan, Perslere, Medlerden, Mittaniler, Urartular ve Babillere kadar t\u00fcm kadim toplumlar\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r co\u011frafyas\u0131 ile ticari, ekonomik ve siyasi m\u00fcnasebetlerinin oldu\u011fu a\u015fikard\u0131r. Bu zaman sarf\u0131nda da t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n, gezginlerin, asker, el\u00e7i, k\u00f6le ve ordular\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 ve ahalisi ile irtibatta olduklar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldikleri de tarih kaynaklar\u0131nda ge\u00e7er. Hatta saray\u0131n harabeleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir ta\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde Aramice yaz\u0131lar dahi bulunmu\u015ftur ki mesela Yunan as\u0131ll\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r krali\u00e7esi bile kendi dili olan Grek\u00e7eden ba\u015fka Latince, \u0130branice, K\u0131ptice, Fars\u00e7a ve Habe\u015fce biliyordu.<\/p>\n

Apries Saray\u0131, M.\u00d6. 580\u2019lerde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan 26. M\u0131s\u0131r Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 5. (baz\u0131 yerlerde 4.) Kral\u0131 Apries taraf\u0131ndan Memfis \u015fehrinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Apries, Firavun Psamtik II\u2019nin o\u011fludur. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Suriye, L\u00fcbnan ve Kud\u00fcs de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya h\u00fckmeden Apries, Asurlular ve di\u011fer Mezopotamyal\u0131lar ile s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelerek sava\u015fmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kral Apries\u2019in ismi Yunanl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7i Herodot\u2019un kitab\u0131nda\u00a0(Wahibre Haaibre<\/em>\u00a0olarak)\u00a0ve Tevrat\u2019ta (Hophra olarak) da ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

Arkeolog Petrie ve ekibinin Memfis\u2019deki saray kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 objeleri, k\u0131sa notlar ve foto\u011fraflar\u0131 ile birlikte yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 katalogda her bir obje numaraland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. 73 numaraya sahip ve K\u00fcrd bir erke\u011fe ait olan terakota g\u00f6rseli \u2018Memfis \u2013 Ecnebilerin Terakota Kafalar\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda 94. Sayfada yer almakta.<\/p>\n

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Ayn\u0131 sayfada 70 numara ile \u0130berli, 71 Karyal\u0131, 72 numara ile \u0130brani bir terakota da g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekte.<\/p>\n

Apries saray\u0131nda 1890\u2019lar \u2013 1900\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131na kadar devam eden kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dair notlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Profes\u00f6r Petrie taraf\u0131ndan \u2018The Palace of Apries (Memphis II) ad\u0131 ile 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u2019da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde her bir objenin k\u0131sa bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da bulunuyor. Bir K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fc tasvir eden terakota a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ise 17. Sayfada \u015fu \u015fekilde yer almakta:<\/p>\n

\u2018K\u00fcrd (73), Orta Asya ve K\u00fcrd \u0131rk\u0131na ait olan ancak Sami halklara ait olmayan \u00e7apraz ba\u011flama tarz\u0131 bir sar\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bay Hogarth bana, bu y\u00fcz tipinin, Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan tarihte Karduchi olarak iyi bilinen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz modern K\u00fcrdlerinkine benzedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Bu obje, t\u00fcm teracota kafalar aras\u0131nda en iyi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f modelleme par\u00e7as\u0131; hatlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki incelik, t\u00fcrban\u0131n \u00f6ne do\u011fru bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kulak detay\u0131 ve kula\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndaki k\u0131vr\u0131mlar ve ifadenin ruhunu yans\u0131tmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, onu \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2019<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f olan bu terakotalar\u0131n ve di\u011fer objelerin tam olarak hangi d\u00f6nem ve y\u00fczy\u0131la ait olduklar\u0131, Petrie\u2019nin katalo\u011funda belirtilmemekte. Objeler aras\u0131nda Antik Yunanistan\u2019dan \u0130rani toplumlar olan \u0130skitlere, Perslere ve oradan S\u00fcmerlerin Mezopotamya\u2019s\u0131na kadar bir\u00e7ok toplulu\u011fa ait y\u00fcz\u00fc tasvir eden terakota mevcut. Ancak saray\u0131n M. \u00d6. 580\u2019lerde veya ona yak\u0131n y\u0131llarda in\u015fa edildi\u011fi, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve belirli bir zaman sonras\u0131nda da sava\u015flar ve saray ahalisi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eki\u015fmeler nedeni ile y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik kaynaklarda ge\u00e7mekte. Hem baz\u0131 objelerin hangi d\u00f6neme ait olduklar\u0131 ve i\u00e7erdikleri maddelerin analizini yapmak, hem de Apries saray\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla o d\u00f6neme dair bilinmeyenlere \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmak amac\u0131 ile bir tak\u0131m bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan bir tanesi Kopenhag \u00dcniversitesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Danimarkal\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f. O bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n analizleri ve saray harabelerinden baz\u0131 objeleri g\u00f6rmek isteyenler bu linke t\u0131klayabilirler:\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/heritagesciencejournal.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40494-018-0170-9<\/a><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda belirtti\u011fim ve bahse konu olan terakota i\u00e7in, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k 2500 sene \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan bir K\u00fcrd\u2019e ait oldu\u011funu not d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f arkeolog Petrie. Bu objenin tam olarak hangi m\u00fcze veyahut kurumun envanterinde bulundu\u011funu hen\u00fcz \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f de\u011filim. Ancak b\u00f6ylesine m\u00fcthi\u015f bir objenin kesinlikle bilimsel bir deneye ve analize tabi tutularak, t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fckemmel olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 olarak bu objenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131yla vererek en az\u0131ndan arkeoloji ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, ilgilenenleri haberdar etmeyi kendime g\u00f6rev bilirim.<\/p>\n

Profes\u00f6r Petrie\u2019nin kaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan di\u011fer birka\u00e7 objenin de g\u00f6rsellerini payla\u015farak, sizleri Antik M\u0131s\u0131r d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bir seyr\u00fcseferle ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Baran Zeydanl\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 2 Aral\u0131k 2023<\/p>\n

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Baran Zeydanl\u0131o\u011flu -Bitlisname.com<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ar\u015fiv taramas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 ve bir o kadar da gizemli kaynaklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yorum. \u00d6zelde kadim Bitlis\u2019e, genelde de K\u00fcrdlere dair ar\u015fiv \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmaktay\u0131m. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde matbu hale getirdi\u011fim birka\u00e7 kitap \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam ve de onlarca makalem bulunmakta. Bir o kadar da canl\u0131 yay\u0131n ve s\u00f6yle\u015fiye de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131, beni takip eden k\u0131ymetli tarih merakl\u0131lar\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23153,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084],"tags":[6320,589,6319,117,1616,6318],"class_list":["post-23152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","tag-arkeoloji","tag-bitlis","tag-kahire","tag-kurtler","tag-manset","tag-misir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23152"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23154,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23152\/revisions\/23154"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23153"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}