{"id":23115,"date":"2023-11-19T14:35:28","date_gmt":"2023-11-19T11:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23115"},"modified":"2023-11-19T15:02:01","modified_gmt":"2023-11-19T12:02:01","slug":"ii-abdulhamit-ve-hamidiye-alaylari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=23115","title":{"rendered":"II. Abd\u00fclhamit ve Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
Frans\u0131z devriminden y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra, Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 K\u00fcrt Dr. \u0130shak Sukuti, Malatyal\u0131 K\u00fcrt Dr. Abdullah Cevdet. Arnavutlu Dr. \u0130brahim Temo ve \u00c7erks Mehmed Re\u015fat taraf\u0131ndan 1889\u2019da \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi kuruldu. Zaman ilerledik\u00e7e Jon T\u00fcrkler parti y\u00f6netimini ele ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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II. Abd\u00fclhamit 31 A\u011fustos1876\u2019da Padi\u015fah olarak tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 23 Aral\u0131k 1876 da baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaparak I. Me\u015frutiyeti ilan etti. 18 Ocak 1877 de Meclisi toplad\u0131. Bosna \u2013 Hersek, Bulgaristan, S\u0131rbistan ve Karada\u011f sorunlar\u0131yla Tersane Konferans\u0131n g\u00fcndemi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stanbul da g\u00f6steriler ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00f6sterilerde, Rusya\u2019ya sava\u015f a\u00e7mak isteniyordu. Meclis Tersane Konferans\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nerilerini geri \u00e7evirdi. B\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin el\u00e7ileri \u0130stanbul dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ba\u015fbakan Mithat Pa\u015fa \u201c Millet Askeri\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi \u0130stanbullu g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc gen\u00e7lerden bir ordu kurmak istiyordu. II. Abd\u00fclhamit 5 \u015eubat 1877 g\u00fcn\u00fc Mithat Pa\u015fay\u0131 Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinden ald\u0131. Mithat Pa\u015fa, Padi\u015fah II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019i tehdit ederek saraydan ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

27 Nisan 1877 g\u00fcn\u00fc Rusya, Osmanl\u0131 devletine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ilan etti \u201c93 Harbi\u201d denilen, Osmanl\u0131 tarihinin b\u00fcy\u00fck seferberlik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden birine girildi. Bu sava\u015fta Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131. O g\u00fcnlerde Rumeli g\u00f6\u00e7menler \u0130stanbul\u2019un ya\u015fam dengesini bozdular. \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek 13 \u015eubat 1878 de meclis \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcresiz erteledi. Kararg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 Ye\u015fil K\u00f6y de kuran Rus Ordular\u0131 Ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 Grand\u00fck Nikola\u2019n\u0131n Rus Ordusunun 3 Mart 1878 de Ayastafanos Antla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Ruslar geri \u00e7ekildiler. 20 May\u0131s 1878\u2019de V. Murad\u2019\u0131 tekrar tahta \u00e7\u0131karmak amac\u0131yla Ali Suavi\u2019nin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u00c7\u0131ra\u011fan olay\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z devriminden y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra, Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 K\u00fcrt Dr. \u0130shak Sukuti, Malatyal\u0131 K\u00fcrt Dr. Abdullah Cevdet. Arnavutlu Dr. \u0130brahim Temo ve \u00c7erks Mehmed Re\u015fat taraf\u0131ndan 1889\u2019da \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi kuruldu. Zaman ilerledik\u00e7e Jon T\u00fcrkler parti y\u00f6netimini ele ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019da 100 kg. a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda saatli bomba haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilip l\u00fcks bir faytona yerle\u015ftirildi. 21 Temmuz 1905 g\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Haz\u0131rlanan plana g\u00f6re, Padi\u015fah camiden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p arabayla hareket etti\u011fi an, Saatli bomba s\u00fcsl\u00fc bir faytona yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti ve o an bomba\u00a0 infilak edecekti. Padi\u015fah camiden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca merdiven ba\u015f\u0131nda bir iki dakika birileriyle konu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in arabas\u0131na binmekte gecikiyor. O anda saatli bomba patlar. \u0130nsan ve hayvan cesetleri havaya savruldu. Herkes korkuya kap\u0131l\u0131rken, Padi\u015fah korkmad\u0131. Etraf\u0131ndakilere \u201cKorkmay\u0131n, korkmay\u0131n\u201d diyerek saltanat arabas\u0131na bindi. 26 asker ve sivilin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 58 ki\u015finin yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 20 at par\u00e7aland\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde ilk defa b\u00f6yle bir suikast d\u00fczenleniyordu.<\/p>\n

II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in g\u00fcvendi\u011fi asker Arnavut \u015eemsi pa\u015fad\u0131r. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, Makedonya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam ederken, \u015eemsi Pa\u015fa Makedonya\u2019ya geldi\u011fi zaman, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar k\u00f6\u015fe bucak saklanarak gruplar halinde ayr\u0131 kahvelerde kalabal\u0131\u011fa kar\u0131\u015farak saklan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Rag\u0131p isminde bir te\u011fmen, Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Avni\u2019nin yan\u0131na gider. \u00a0Bana iki tane tabanca ver der. H\u00fcseyin Avni diyor tabancay\u0131 ne yapacaks\u0131n, Rag\u0131p diyor \u015eemsi pa\u015fay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fim. H\u00fcseyin Avni diyor sen delirmi\u015f misin? Rag\u0131p diyor ba\u015fka \u00e7aremiz kalmad\u0131. H\u00fcseyin Avni tabancas\u0131n\u0131, Te\u011fmen Rag\u0131p\u2019a veriyor. Arnavut \u015eemsi Pa\u015fa Manast\u0131r\u2019a gider durumun berkemal oldu\u011funu II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019e telgraf \u00e7ekerek bildirir. \u015eemsi Pa\u015fa ve grubu merdivenlerden inerken, te\u011fmen Rag\u0131p arkadan, \u015eemsi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya iki el ate\u015f eder. \u015eemsi Pa\u015fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde \u00f6l\u00fcr. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, \u015eemsi Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ikinci bir telgrafla Padi\u015fah\u2019a bildirilir.<\/p>\n

Arnavut \u015eemsi Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle, II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in umudu tamamen kesildi. Saltanat\u0131 d\u00f6neninde dokuz defa Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini K\u00fcrt Sait Pa\u015fa\u2019ya veren II. Abd\u00fclhamit, bir daha K\u00fcrt Sait Pa\u015fa\u2019ya diyor \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunu bul. Sait Pa\u015fa, Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015faha diyor ask\u0131ya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n anayasay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koy. Bunun \u00fczerine, Osmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yeniden yani 23 Temmuz 1908 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle ikinci me\u015frutiyet ilan edildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131yla \u0130ttihat ve Terakki partisinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00f6steriler, mitingler ve i\u015f yerlerinde grevler ba\u015flad\u0131. 20 Mart 1909 olaylar\u0131 bunlar\u0131n en etkilisidir. 6 Nisan 1909 g\u00fcn\u00fc Serbesi gazetesinin ba\u015fyazar\u0131 K\u00fcrt Hasan Fehmi\u2019nin bir \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin fedaisi taraf\u0131ndan Galata k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi barda\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ran son damla oldu.\u00a0 31 Mart vakas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan eylemler ba\u015flad\u0131. Selanik\u2019ten gelen harek\u00e2t ordusu taraf\u0131ndan 24 Nisan\u2019a kadar s\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131\u00a0II. Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6neminde 1890\u2019da K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesinde Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131 ya da Hamidiye Hafif S\u00fcvari Alaylar\u0131 kurmu\u015f. 1891 y\u0131l\u0131nda fiilen kurulmu\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131 birlikleridir. Kurulan birlikler \u00e7o\u011funlukla S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtlerden olu\u015fmu\u015f birliklerdir.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin 13 Haziran 1878’de\u00a0Berlin Konferans\u0131\u2019na “Ermenistan’a ili\u015fkin rapor” sunmas\u0131 ve bu projenin olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131ndan sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devletine g\u00f6re, Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan Ermeniler ter\u00f6r ve katliam eylemlerine giri\u015feceklermi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131, Ermenilere ve Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 kendisine g\u00f6re \u00f6nlem almak i\u00e7in S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrt A\u015firetlerinden Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131n\u0131 kurdu. Ruslar\u00a0“\u015eark Vilayetlerine\u201d y\u00f6nelik emellerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etmekteydi ve i\u015fgal haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. II. Abd\u00fclhamit, do\u011fu meselesi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda, Avrupal\u0131 devletler taraf\u0131ndan istenilen reformlar\u0131n, Hristiyan tebaa i\u00e7in \u00f6nce \u00f6zerklik sonra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k; Osmanl\u0131 Devleti i\u00e7in de zay\u0131flama ve par\u00e7alanma anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. B\u00f6lgede “asayi\u015fin temini, Ermenilere ve Rus i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131” K\u00fcrt halk\u0131ndan silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler olu\u015fturmay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sebeple, 1890 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Do\u011fu Anadolu’da Ermeni devletinin kurulu\u015funu engellemek amac\u0131yla K\u00fcrtlerden olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in emri ile alaylar, \u0130brahim ve Kerim pa\u015falar taraf\u0131ndan kurulmaya, alt yap\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, T\u00fcrk tarihinde ilk gayrinizami harp usullerini uygulayanlar \u0130brahim ve Kerim pa\u015falar olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Daha sonra resmi stat\u00fcde yap\u0131lan yeni d\u00fczenleme ile 1891 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. 1896 ve 1910 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yasal d\u00fczenlemelerden ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta alay say\u0131s\u0131 50 civar\u0131nda iken ge\u00e7en zaman i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrtlerden kurdu\u011fu alay say\u0131s\u0131 artarak 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda 65\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Te\u015fkilat b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Vilayet-\u0131 Sitte\u2019nin Erzincan, Bitlis, Diyarbak\u0131r, Van ve Erzurum illerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Sivas vilayetinde bir alay kurulmu\u015ftur. Kurulan alaylardan d\u00f6rt tanesi Be\u015finci Ordu, di\u011ferleri ise D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Ordu m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

II. Abd\u00fclhamit, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 canl\u0131 kalkan olarak K\u00fcrtleri kullanarak 65 tana Hamidiye ismi ile s\u00fcvari ve piyade alaylar\u0131n\u0131 kurdu. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtimali dikkate alarak, K\u00fcrt A\u015firet Reislerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130stanbul Kabata\u015f Lisesinde okuttu. Bunun anlam\u0131 \u015fu idi: Ben sizlere silah ve cephane verdim. Size verdi\u011fim silahlar\u0131 yar\u0131n bana kar\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z avcumun indedirler haberiniz olsun. Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131 kendisine g\u00fcveni olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l tav\u0131r tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

II. Abd\u00fclhamit<\/strong><\/p>\n

31 A\u011fustos 1876’da tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.\u00a031 Mart Vakas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, 27 Nisan 1909’da, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi taraf\u0131ndan tahttan indirilerek aile bireyleriyle beraber Selanik\u2019te cezaevinde tuttular. \u00dc\u00e7 sene sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilerek Beylerbeyi Saray\u0131nda hapis hayat\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatt\u0131lar. Tam 33 y\u0131l ve 26 g\u00fcn Padi\u015fah olarak Osmanl\u0131 Devletini y\u00f6netti. Dokuz y\u0131l hapis hayat\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0 10 \u015eubat 1918\u2019de hapiste \u00f6ld\u00fc<\/p>\n

Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eaban Aslan -Nerina Azad<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Frans\u0131z devriminden y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra, Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 K\u00fcrt Dr. \u0130shak Sukuti, Malatyal\u0131 K\u00fcrt Dr. Abdullah Cevdet. Arnavutlu Dr. \u0130brahim Temo ve \u00c7erks Mehmed Re\u015fat taraf\u0131ndan 1889\u2019da \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi kuruldu. Zaman ilerledik\u00e7e Jon T\u00fcrkler parti y\u00f6netimini ele ge\u00e7irdiler. II. Abd\u00fclhamit 31 A\u011fustos1876\u2019da Padi\u015fah olarak tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 23 Aral\u0131k 1876 da baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaparak I. Me\u015frutiyeti …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[1616],"class_list":["post-23115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23115"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23117,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23115\/revisions\/23117"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}