K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafik konumu itibariyle Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en yo\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve en \u00e7ok tahrip edilen sahalardan biri oldu. Bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6y haritalardan ve baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri<\/b> neredeyse tamamen tarihten silindi. Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019tan Xaneq\u00een\u2019e, Mukri\u2019den Erzincan ve Antep<\/b>\u2019e kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar, Ruslar, Ermeniler, Farslar, \u0130ngilizler, Frans\u0131zlar ve Araplar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sava\u015f korkun\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131m do\u011furdu.<\/p>\n
Sava\u015fla ge\u00e7en 4 y\u0131l\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1918<\/b>\u2019e gelindi\u011finde zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f bir K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7i merkezine ra\u011fmen K\u00fcrtler, sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi Osmanl\u0131<\/b> ile geldikleri tats\u0131z durum ve sava\u015fta Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle b\u00f6lgedeki yeni iki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcce, \u0130ngilizlere ve Ruslara y\u00f6nlerini \u00e7evirdiler. 1917\u2019de Bol\u015feviklerin devrim yapmas\u0131 ile sava\u015ftan \u00e7ekilen Ruslar o noktadan itibaren stabil bir stratejiye y\u00f6neldiler. Oysa \u0130ngilizler oyun kurucu olarak Almanya, Avusturya-Macaristan<\/b>, Osmanl\u0131 ve Acemistan \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131na son vermi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eski Stockholm sefiri K\u00fcrt \u015eerif Pa\u015fa<\/b>, hen\u00fcz 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngilizlere \u00e7e\u015fitli tekliflerle gitmi\u015f, \u0130ngilizlerin K\u00fcrtlerle ilgili tasavvurlar\u0131na dair resmi bir belge talebinde bulunmu\u015f, \u0130ngilizlerin mali kaynaklar\u0131n denetimine dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapacaklar\u0131 bir sistem ile bir K\u00fcrdistan<\/b> devleti<\/b> kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in projeler haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yeni Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun mimar\u0131 Sir Percy Cox, bu zeki adam\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcne hayran kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun \u00f6nerdi\u011fi teklif, ancak Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n<\/b> sonunda mandac\u0131l\u0131k ad\u0131yla Milletler Cemiyeti taraf\u0131ndan baz\u0131 \u00fclkelere yetki olarak verildi. Bu sistemde b\u00fcy\u00fck devletler, az geli\u015fmi\u015f kabul edilen \u00fclkeleri, kendi kendilerini y\u00f6netecek bir d\u00fczeye eri\u015ftirip, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturuncaya kadar Milletler Cemiyeti ad\u0131na y\u00f6netirler. Nitekim Suriye, Irak, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Tanganika, Ruanda, Kamerun ve Namibya<\/b> bu tarihlerde manda y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7tiler. T\u00fcrkiye ise \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131zlarla sava\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle Amerika<\/b> mandas\u0131na girmeyi \u00f6nermi\u015fti. \u0130\u015fte bundan y\u0131llar \u00f6nce \u015eerif Pa\u015fa, asl\u0131nda \u0130ngilizlerin Araplar i\u00e7in uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 modeli K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in istemi\u015f fakat ger\u00e7ekte hi\u00e7bir zaman \u0130ngilizler ona arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u0131 vermemi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
\u015eerif Pa\u015fa faaliyetlerine Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131<\/b>\u2019nda K\u00fcrt delegesi<\/b> oluncaya kadar \u0131srarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Fakat bu diplomatik giri\u015fimi, Damat Ferid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fta oldu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, bir Nak\u015fibendi \u015feyhi olan ve \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde ailesi \u00fczerinde yeterince durdu\u011fum K\u00fcrt Teali Cemiyeti<\/b> Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nehrili Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir<\/b> ve beraberindekileri \u015eeyh\u00fclislam Haydarizade \u0130brahim Efendi, Abuk Pa\u015fa ve Avni Pa\u015fa ile manip\u00fcle etmesi \u00fczerine ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. K\u00fcrt Teali Cemiyeti, \u015eerif Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 delegelikten azletti ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet kabinesinin K\u00fcrdistan meselesini Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6zme teklifinin a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu manip\u00fclasyondaki tarikat ba\u011f\u0131na de\u011finmekte fayda vard\u0131r. \u015eeyh\u00fclislam Haydarizade \u0130brahim Efendi, Erbil K\u00fcrtlerindendir<\/b>. Ulemadan babas\u0131 As\u0131m Efendi gibi Nak\u015fibendi\u2019dir. Nitekim Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminde \u00e7\u0131kan Tasavvuf dergisi i\u00e7in Mewlana Xalid\u2019in Rab\u0131tay\u0131 Sufiye\u2019sini \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. Her ne kadar Erbilli Nak\u015fibendilerin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu Harir Ekol\u00fc ile K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Nehri Ekol\u00fc<\/b> aras\u0131nda farklar olsa da Seyid Abd\u00fclkadir ve di\u011fer ekol\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken Esad Efendi\u2019nin \u00f6zellikle Cemiyeti Suffiye \u00e7evresiyle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi bilinmektedir. \u015eerif Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n azli i\u00e7in Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6nderilen telgraflarda Arvasiler<\/b>, \u015eemdinlili Seyid Taha ve Van nak\u0131b\u00fcle\u015fraflar\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok\u00e7a Nak\u015fibendi isme rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda tam da bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir Ermenistan kurma karar\u0131 sebebiyle dini duygular\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7mesinin ve cihat \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle K\u00fcrt siyasetinin iki kutba b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Daha \u00f6nce fazla belirgin olmayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ve entegrasyoncu \u00e7izgiler tam da bu d\u00f6nemde g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karlar. \u0130kisi de K\u00fcrt damar\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen biri K\u00fcrtleri<\/b> Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc<\/b> politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kurgulam\u0131\u015f ve \u0130slam \u00fcmmetinin birli\u011fi meselesi \u00fczerinden antiemperyalist ve dahi Ermeni kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir tutum al\u0131r. Di\u011fer hat ise T\u00fcrklerin boyunduru\u011fundan kurtulmak i\u00e7in kendileriyle asl\u0131nda kader birli\u011fi yapan Ermenilerle bir noktada uzla\u015fmay\u0131 ve yeni haritalar \u00e7izen emperyalistlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim Nak\u015fibend\u00ee<\/b> ekol\u00fcn\u00fc bu noktada J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler ya da \u0130ttihat ve Terakki ile onca gerginliklerine ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n
O y\u0131llarda bir Ermeni<\/b> devletinin kurulma ihtimali T\u00fcrkleri yeni bir politikaya sevk eder. T\u0131pk\u0131 II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in Ruslar\u0131n Ermeni kart\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k K\u00fcrtleri desteklemesi ve Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131<\/b> ad\u0131yla K\u00fcrtleri silahland\u0131rmas\u0131 gibi T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcler de bir Ermeni devletinin kurulmas\u0131 durumunda dengeleyici bir unsur olarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrt devletinin kurulmas\u0131 fikrini ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye<\/b> ilhak\u0131na benzer bir strateji izler T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcler. Buna g\u00f6re K\u00fcrtler \u00f6nce bir devlet kurmal\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 vermelidirler. \u0130\u015fte bu sebeple yeniden Kadiri ve Nak\u015fibendi K\u00fcrtlerle oturan h\u00fck\u00fcmet, onlar\u0131 ikna etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Nitekim T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fclerin faaliyetlerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kurulan K\u00fcrt Kul\u00fcb\u00fc ve daha sonraki Vilayeti \u015earkiye M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti<\/b> \u00e7evresinde Ermeni katliam\u0131nda rol alan K\u00fcrtler ile \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 K\u00fcrtler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tarikat\u00e7\u0131 K\u00fcrtler de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir bile\u015fen olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Urfal\u0131 Kadiri postni\u015fini \u015eeyh Savfet\u2019den (Yetkin) daha sonra Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde K\u00fcrtler ad\u0131na delege olan Nak\u015fibendi postni\u015fini \u015eeyh Fevzi Efendi\u2019ye (Baysoy) kadar olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir isim listesinden bahsedilebilir. Qasimlo\u2019nun aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re K\u00fcrt Teali Cemiyeti ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan ve 1925\u2019te \u015eeyh Said<\/b> ile birlikte as\u0131lacak olan Nehrili Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir, bu d\u00f6nemde Mardin\u2019de \u0130ngiliz kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir direni\u015fin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi i\u00e7in \u0130dare Meclisi \u00dcyesi \u015eevket Bey ile birlikte faaliyetler geli\u015ftirmi\u015f ve K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerini \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f fakat K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri onu dinlememi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda burada olan \u015fey bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131-Rus<\/b> \u00e7eki\u015fmesinde Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 Ruslar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alan bir ekol\u00fcn, Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ngiliz \u00e7eki\u015fmesinde de \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer almas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ayastefanos ve Berlin antla\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki siyasal rekabetinde fark\u0131nda olmadan Ruslara yana\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan K\u00fcrtler, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda da bu e\u011filimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Neticede sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda Almanya, Avusturya-Macaristan ve Osmanl\u0131 oyundan diskalifiye edildi\u011finde geriye \u00f6zellikle Bo\u011fazlar konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere yine \u0130ngiliz ve Ruslar\u0131n d\u00fcnya b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kavgas\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu durum bir anlamda \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 da tetiklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gereken bir nokta daha vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin Irak Cephesi komutanlar\u0131ndan ve Ermeni-H\u0131ristiyan katliam\u0131n\u0131n faillerinden Ali \u0130hsan Pa\u015fa<\/b> (Sabis) kararg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 kurdu\u011fu Nusaybin\u2019de devlet ad\u0131na K\u00fcrtlerle pazarl\u0131klar yapm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130ngiliz kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir hat kurma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarikatlarla dirsek temas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde Ali \u0130hsan Pa\u015fa, K\u00fcrtleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ikna etme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f, ikmal hatlar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmemesi i\u00e7in Suru\u00e7 ve Viran\u015fehir b\u00f6lgesiyle \u00f6zellikle ilgilenmi\u015ftir. Daha \u00f6nce Edirne\u2019nin Bulgarlar<\/b> taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un d\u00fc\u015fme ihtimali \u00fczerine bir K\u00fcrt konfederasyonu i\u00e7in anla\u015fan Berazi ve Milli a\u015firetleri devlet taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ali \u0130hsan Pa\u015fa o s\u0131rada bir K\u00fcrt devleti kurmak su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla cezaevinde olan Karake\u00e7ili a\u015firetinin reisi Abd\u00fclkadir D\u0131r\u2019\u00ea ve Milli a\u015firetleri reisi \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu Mahmut\u2019u cezaevinden sal\u0131verir. Ali \u0130hsan Pa\u015fa, Mahmut\u2019a \u0130ngilizleri<\/b> Urfa<\/b> b\u00f6lgesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na s\u00fcrmeleri ko\u015fuluyla b\u00f6lgenin miri olarak tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc verir. Bad\u0131ll\u0131 ve D\u00fbger\u00ee a\u015firetleri ile Berazilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da bu ittifakta yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu arada Berazilerin<\/b> bir kolu olan K\u00eatik\u00ee a\u015firetinden Besravi<\/b> (Murat Karay\u0131lan\u2019\u0131n dedeleri) bu ittifak\u0131 onaylamaz ve \u0130ngilizlerle anla\u015f\u0131r. Ali \u0130hsan Pa\u015fa silahland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerini K\u00eatik\u00ee a\u015firetinin \u00fczerine sald\u0131rt\u0131r. Hapisten sal\u0131verilen Abd\u00fclkadir de liderlik s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn Mahmut\u2019a verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine amcazadesi Mustafa ile birlikte tekrar T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 faaliyetlere ba\u015flar ve neticede tekrar hapsedilir. Bu arada 30 Ekim 1918\u2019de Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin imzalanmas\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiilen son bulur ve K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in yeni bir d\u00f6nem a\u00e7\u0131lmak zorunda kal\u0131r; art\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 yoktur ve d\u00fcnya \u0130ngilizlerin egemenli\u011fine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131: \u0130brahim Halil Baran\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafik konumu itibariyle Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en yo\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve en \u00e7ok tahrip edilen sahalardan biri oldu. Bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6y haritalardan ve baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri neredeyse tamamen tarihten silindi. Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019tan Xaneq\u00een\u2019e, Mukri\u2019den Erzincan ve Antep\u2019e kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar, Ruslar, Ermeniler, Farslar, \u0130ngilizler, Frans\u0131zlar ve Araplar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sava\u015f korkun\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":22992,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084,25],"tags":[3601,6226,1616,254,6227,228,5757],"class_list":["post-22991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","category-tarih","tag-berzenci","tag-kadiri","tag-manset","tag-mir","tag-naksibendi","tag-rus","tag-seyh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/55"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22991"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22991\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}