Haziran 2023 ba\u015f\u0131nda Rudaw TV, bana baz\u0131 sorular y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. Bu yaz\u0131, \u0130BV\u2019de yap\u0131lan ve Rudaw TV\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan r\u00f6portaj\u0131n sorular\u0131n\u0131n ve cevaplar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f bir halini i\u00e7ermektedir:<\/p>\n
1- Sava\u015f tamamland\u0131ktan sonra sadece K\u00fcrtler devlet sahibi olamad\u0131. K\u00fcrtlerin devlet sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7en i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rler nelerdir?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra, d\u00fcnya siyasal bak\u0131mdan yeniden \u015fekillenirken, yeni devletler kuruldu. Sadece K\u00fcrdler devlet sahibi olamad\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f nedenleri vard\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 nedenler konusunda \u015funlar s\u00f6ylenebilir: K\u00fcrdler ad\u0131na siyaset yapanlar \u0130stanbul gibi metropollerde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da halk aras\u0131nda etkileri s\u0131n\u0131rlayd\u0131.<\/p>\n O d\u00f6nemde, Mustafa kemal \u2018\u0130slam esaret alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, Halife esirdir\u2019 propagandas\u0131 yap\u0131yordu. Mustafa Kemal Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde ve Sivas Kongresi\u2019nde bu konuyu dile getirten konu\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. K\u00fcrd a\u015firet reislerine, K\u00fcrd \u015feyhlerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplarda bu konuyu etrafl\u0131 bir \u015feklide dile getirdi. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in 15 civar\u0131nda K\u00fcrd a\u015firet reisine, \u015feyhine, b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahiplerine, onlara de\u011fer vererek, onlar\u0131 \u00f6verek mektuplar yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki \u015eeyh Mahmud Berzenci de 15 civar\u0131ndaki K\u00fcrd a\u015firet reislerinden biridir. K\u00fcrdlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu propagandan\u0131n etkisi al\u0131nda kald\u0131lar. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 esarette kurtarmak, Halife\u2019yi esirlikten kurtarmak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarfetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle bir propaganda da vard\u0131r: \u2018K\u00fcrdler e\u011fer Kuvay\u0131 Milliye\u2019ye destek olmazsa K\u00fcrdistan Ermenistan olacak. Emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131nda Ermenistan kuracaklar\u2019. Bu propaganda Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yo\u011fun, yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirildi. Bu propaganda da K\u00fcrdleri Mustafa Kemal\u2019e daha \u00e7ok yakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu do\u011frultuda \u0130ngilizlerle sava\u015fanlardan biri de, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde \u015eeyh Mahmud Berzenci\u2019dir.\u00a0 \u015eeyh Mahmud Berzenci\u2019nin \u0130ngilizlerle sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Mustafa Kemal de desteklemektedir. Hatta \u015eeyh Mahmud Berzenci\u2019ye silah yard\u0131m\u0131 da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu deste\u011fin nedeni, \u0130ngilizlerle sava\u015f\u0131n K\u00fcrdleri zay\u0131flataca\u011f\u0131 beklentisidir. Sava\u015flarda zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f K\u00fcrdlere isteklerini daha kolay bir \u015fekilde kabul ettirece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n \u015euras\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir: Mekke \u015eerifi H\u00fcseyin, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan kurtulmak i\u00e7in \u0130ngilizlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yaparken, K\u00fcrdlerin \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kurtarmak, Halife\u2019yi kurtarmak i\u00e7in \u0130ngilizlerle sava\u015fa tutu\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n D\u0131\u015f nedenler konusunda ise \u015funlar s\u00f6ylenebilir: Kan\u0131mca 1919-1920\u2019den beri Mustafa Kemal ile \u0130ngilizler aras\u0131nda Musul konusunda \u00e7eli\u015fki vard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7eli\u015fki siyasal, diplomatik bir \u00e7eli\u015fki olarak s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130ngilizler Musul Eyaletini, kurmay\u0131 tasarlad\u0131klar\u0131 Irak manda devletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine almay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. O d\u00f6nem Kerk\u00fck\u2019de petrol bulunmu\u015f, i\u015fletilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Petrol \u0130ngiliz Sanayii i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi. Mustafa Kemal ise, Musul Eyaleti bizimdir. Atalar\u0131m\u0131z 400 y\u0131l buralar\u0131 y\u00f6nettiler, diyordu. Musul Eyaleti Misak-\u0131 milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indedir, diyordu.<\/p>\n Bu diplomatik, siyasal \u00e7eli\u015fki, kan\u0131mca 1923 sonlar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. O tarihte \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015ftu kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m. \u0130ngilizlerin Musul Eyaleti \u00fczerinde \u0131srarla durmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine, Mustafa Kemal \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015f olabilir: \u2018Biz Musul\u2019dan \u00e7ekiliyoruz, ama siz de \u0130ngiltere olarak, K\u00fcrdlerden gelen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00f6zerklik istemlerine kati surette yol vermeyin\u2019<\/p>\n Kan\u0131mca \u0130ngiltere Mustafa Kemal\u2019in bu \u00f6nerisine d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in isteklerinin de yerine getirmi\u015ftir. Bunu \u015fu geli\u015fmelerden anl\u0131yoruz: : B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya, \u00f6rne\u011fin Bostwana\u2019dan Gana\u2019ya kadar,<\/p>\n Hindistan\u2019dan, Kenya\u2019ya kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerini \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimler kurarak y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir. \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi, bu bak\u0131mdan Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netiminden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim kurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek alan K\u00fcrdistan\u2019d\u0131r. Bu da kan\u0131mca, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in isteklerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir.<\/p>\n 2- Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda az\u0131nl\u0131klardan ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmi\u015f fakat bu az\u0131nl\u0131klardan maksat kim? K\u00fcrtler devlet taraf\u0131ndan az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131 m\u0131?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda Hristiyan Rumlar ve Ermeniler az\u0131nl\u0131k kabul edilmi\u015flerdir. Yahudiler de az\u0131nl\u0131k kategorisindedir. Asuriler\/S\u00fcryaniler Hristiyan olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131nda yararlanamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019 nda K\u00fcrdler i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir h\u00fckm\u00fc yoktur. K\u00fcrdler yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00f6rmezlikten gelinmi\u015flerdir. Bu, K\u00fcrdlerin T\u00fcrk say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu tutum ta o \u00f6nemden K\u00fcrdlerin asimilasyonuna yol vermektedir.<\/p>\n 3- K\u00fcrtler konferansta neden herhangi bir rol ya da kat\u0131l\u0131ma sahip olamad\u0131?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye, Lozan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde K\u00fcrdlerin temsil edilmesine \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk delegasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, \u2018Biz ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrdleri de temsil ediyoruz\u2019, demi\u015ftir. \u2018K\u00fcrdlerle T\u00fcrkler karde\u015ftir. K\u00fcrdllerle T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m-gayr\u0131m yoktur\u2019,\u00a0<\/em>denmektedir.<\/p>\n Lozan\u2019da yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde en \u00f6nemli sorun, kan\u0131mca K\u00fcrdistan sorunudur. Ama Lozan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde K\u00fcrd temsilci yoktur. K\u00fcrdleril temsi ediyor diyerek T\u00fcrk delegasyonu i\u00e7inde yer alan Diyarbak\u0131r Mebusu Z\u00fclf\u00fc Tigrel, (1876-1940) konu\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131 kendisine geldi\u011finde, hastay\u0131m diyerek otelden \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f, benim yerime \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc konu\u015fsun, demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Lozan G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri daha \u00e7ok, \u0130ngiliz D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Lord Curzon ile T\u00fcrk delegasyonu ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Lord Curzon \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn veya T\u00fcrk delegasyonunu bu s\u00f6zlerine kanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Veya \u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. K\u00fcrd temsilci konusunda \u0131srarl\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den, Lozan\u2019a, K\u00fcrdlerin a\u011fz\u0131ndan \u2018Biz K\u00fcrdler, T\u00fcrklerden ayr\u0131lmak istemiyoruz\u2019 yollu telgraflar g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrd b\u00f6lgelerinde bu telgraflar\u0131n, \u00e7o\u011fu K\u00fcrdlerden habersiz bir \u015fekilde, valiler taraf\u0131ndan organize edildi\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n 4- Y\u00fcz y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra antla\u015fman\u0131n iptali sadece bir s\u00f6ylenti mi yoksa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir olas\u0131l\u0131k m\u0131?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonsuz bir anla\u015fmad\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri her zaman ge\u00e7erlidir. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalayan T\u00fcrkiye ile birlikte sekiz devlet vard\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya, Fransa, \u0130talya, Japonya, Yunanistan, Romanya, S\u0131rp-H\u0131rvat-Sloven Cumhuriyeti. Bel\u00e7ika, Portekiz ve Bulgaristan\u2019da baz\u0131 konular g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrken konferansa davet edilmi\u015fler, Lozan Konferans\u0131 ile ilgili baz\u0131 belgeleri imzalam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, ancak, bu devletlerin tekrar bir araya gelip Antla\u015fmay\u0131 iptal etmeleri ve yeni bir antla\u015fma yapmamal\u0131 ile sona erer.<\/p>\n 5- Vatans\u0131z diplomasi\u2026 Vatans\u0131z bir halk olarak K\u00fcrtlerin diplomasi alan\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir y\u00f6ntem izlemesi iyi olur?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce K\u00fcrdler bir vatan sahibi olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, K\u00fcrdlere k\u00f6le muamelesi yapan bir anta\u015fmad\u0131r. Stat\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, K\u00fcrdlerin ad\u0131 bile yoktur. K\u00fcrdler Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalayan devletlerin temsilcileriyle, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde K\u00fcrdlere, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a yap\u0131lan haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 dile getirmek durumundalar. K\u00fcrd ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, siyaset\u00e7iler, bas\u0131n mensuplar, yazarlar vs. bat\u0131l\u0131 gazetecilerle, bat\u0131l\u0131 akademisyenlerle bat\u0131l\u0131 sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle vs. yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde yine onlar\u0131n devletlerinin K\u00fcrdleri, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 b\u00f6len, par\u00e7alayan payla\u015fan tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmeye gayret etmelidir.<\/p>\n 6- T\u00fcrk devletinin Lozan\u2019\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131p Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee\u2019yi yeniden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymaktan s\u00f6z etmesi ne kadar ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye ile birlikte, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya, Japonya, Yunanistan, Romanya, S\u0131rp-H\u0131rvat-Sloven devleti taraf\u0131ndan imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, Bo\u011fazlar konusu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrken g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/p>\n Bulgaristan, Bo\u011fazlar, Trakya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrken g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Portekiz, Bel\u00e7ika, ticaret, yerle\u015fme konular\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrken g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 ABD g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin her a\u015famas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri izlemi\u015f ama g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere g\u00f6zlemci olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7ok taraftar\u0131 olan uluslararas\u0131 bir anla\u015fmaya ihlal etmek h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lmak kolay de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n 5 Haziran 1926\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye-\u0130ngiltere Irak aras\u0131nda, , \u2018T\u00fcrk-Irak S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ve \u0130yi Kom\u015fuluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019 imzaland\u0131. Bu antla\u015fman\u0131n 14. Maddesi \u015fu h\u00fckm\u00fc i\u00e7eriyordu. \u2018Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, antla\u015fman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren 25 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle Kerk\u00fck petrol gelirlerinin %10\u2019unu T\u00fcrkiye H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne \u00f6deyecektir.\u2019 1926\u2019da ba\u015flayan \u00f6demelerin 1950\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hesab\u0131n kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir defada 500.000 sterlin alarak hesab\u0131 kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da dile getiriliyor. Bu konuda etrafl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bk. \u00a0Edit\u00f6r: Bask\u0131n Oran,\u00a0T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131<\/em>,\u00a0Cilt I, 1919-1980, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan Bug\u00fcne Olgular Belgeler, Yorumlar,\u00a0<\/em>s. 267-268)<\/p>\n Kovarabir.com’dan al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Haziran 2023 ba\u015f\u0131nda Rudaw TV, bana baz\u0131 sorular y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. Bu yaz\u0131, \u0130BV\u2019de yap\u0131lan ve Rudaw TV\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan r\u00f6portaj\u0131n sorular\u0131n\u0131n ve cevaplar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f bir halini i\u00e7ermektedir: 1- Sava\u015f tamamland\u0131ktan sonra sadece K\u00fcrtler devlet sahibi olamad\u0131. K\u00fcrtlerin devlet sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7en i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rler nelerdir? Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra, d\u00fcnya siyasal bak\u0131mdan yeniden \u015fekillenirken, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":23005,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1539],"tags":[2845,4531,1616,3189,6216],"class_list":["post-22947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-roportaj","tag-ismail-besikci","tag-lozan","tag-manset","tag-rudaw","tag-rudaw-tv"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22947"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22947\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}