Lozan Konferans\u0131, T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrdler i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 de\u011feri ifade etmemektedir. T\u00fcrkler, Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tapusu olarak de\u011ferlendirmektedirler. Lozan Konferans\u0131 K\u00fcrdler i\u00e7in ise k\u00f6lelik getirmi\u015ftir. Asuri\/S\u00fcryani gibi halklar i\u00e7in de durum ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ili\u015fkileri \u015fu \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirebiliriz: 1922 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren, ba\u015fta B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya olmak \u00fczere Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 galibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 Devletler, art\u0131k tamam\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden vazge\u00e7erek; Erzurum ve Sivas kongrelerinden sonra, bir oldu-bitiyle Ankara\u2019da y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7iren BMM (B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi) H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Daha iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 1920\u2019de, Sevr\u2019de temsil edilen K\u00fcrdler ise Lozan\u2019a \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131. 1920 Nisan ay\u0131nda, Ankara\u2019da bu meclisin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedenlerinden biri, \u0130ngilizlerin, bir ay \u00f6nce son Osmanl\u0131 Meclis-i Mebusan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131d\u0131r. Oradan ayr\u0131lan mebuslar BMM\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
O s\u0131rada, K\u00fcrdlerin \u00e7o\u011funluk h\u00e2linde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu egemenli\u011findeki K\u00fcrd co\u011frafyas\u0131, G\u00fcney\u2019de S\u00fcleymaniye, Kuzey\u2019de Kafkaslara, Bat\u0131\u2019da F\u0131rat nehrinin bat\u0131s\u0131na, Do\u011fu\u2019da Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn do\u011fusuna kadar uzan\u0131yordu. Bu co\u011frafya, T\u00fcrklerin \u00e7o\u011funluk h\u00e2linde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyadan daha az de\u011fildi ve n\u00fcfusu da en az T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfus kadard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu s\u0131rada, BMM ad\u0131na, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u201d eklenerek T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM) ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Lozan\u2019a kadar, TBMM H\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ortada bir devlet yoktu, sadece bir meclis h\u00fck\u00fcmeti vard\u0131. Lozan\u2019da, Anadolu\u2019nun tamam\u0131, Ermenistan ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, bu meclis h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00fczerine tapulan\u0131nca, \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra (Ekim 1923) T\u00fcrkiye Devleti kuruldu. Ad\u0131na cumhuriyet eklense de hi\u00e7bir demokratik yan\u0131 olmayan bu devlet kurulup tan\u0131n\u0131rken K\u00fcrdler i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir stat\u00fc belirlenmedi. Bunun sebebini metni ileriki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde iki ana maddede a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Temel Sorun Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fcrd\/K\u00fcrdistan konusunda temel sorun, K\u00fcrdlerin, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n, b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, par\u00e7alanmas\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Ortado\u011fu\u2019da, Kuzey Mezopotamya\u2019da olu\u015fturulmu\u015f en \u00f6nemli s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Her par\u00e7ada,K\u00fcrdlere, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131, K\u00fcrdleri ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden, dillerden ve tarihlerden silme politikas\u0131 uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, kararl\u0131, istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir politikad\u0131r. Bu uygulamalar, zaman zaman azalsa da \u00f6rne\u011fin tek parti d\u00f6neminde tavizsiz s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra, Araplar da b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ama, Araplar ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 devletler olu\u015fturarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bug\u00fcn, Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nden Fas\u2019a kadar, Filistinli Araplar da dahil, 22 Arap devleti vard\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6nden K\u00fcrdlerin ve Araplar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin, par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sykes-Picot Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Nisan 1916 da d\u00f6nemin emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7leri B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ve Fransa aras\u0131nda, gizli Sykes- Picot antla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gizli antla\u015fmaya daha sonra \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131 da kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gizli antla\u015fma, 1917\u2019de, Ekim Devrimi\u2019nde Tro\u00e7ky taraf\u0131ndan de\u015fifre edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra, Bol\u015fevikler bu gizli antla\u015fmadan \u00e7ekilmi\u015flerdir. Buna ra\u011fmen \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra, bu gizli antla\u015fmay\u0131 ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irmeye gayret etmi\u015flerdir. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun Kuzey Mezopotamya\u2019daki ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki topraklar\u0131 (yani K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131), B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ve Fransa aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Irak, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Filistin manda y\u00f6netimleri kurulmu\u015ftur. Fransa\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Suriye, L\u00fcbnan manda y\u00f6netimleri kurulmu\u015ftur. Manda\u2019y\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge olarak anlamak, de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Buradaki \u00f6nemli soru kan\u0131mca \u015fu olmal\u0131d\u0131r: Neden K\u00fcrdistan kurulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Kald\u0131 ki, o d\u00f6nemde, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde \u015eeyh Mahmud Berzenci, \u0130ngilizlere \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: \u2018Ben K\u00fcrdistan kral\u0131y\u0131m. Beni K\u00fcrdistan Kral\u0131 olarak tan\u0131y\u0131n.\u2019 Emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7ler ise de\u011fil ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge K\u00fcrdistan bile tasarlamad\u0131lar. K\u00fcrdler, K\u00fcrdistan, emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7ler, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ve Fransa ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun iki k\u00f6kl\u00fc devletinin, T\u00fcrk, Arap ve Fars y\u00f6netimlerinin i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve g\u00fc\u00e7 birli\u011fiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc, par\u00e7aland\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te elbette, K\u00fcrdlerin zaaflar\u0131n\u0131, hatalar\u0131n\u0131 da dikkatlerden uzak tutmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n B\u00f6l\u00fcnme, par\u00e7alanma, payla\u015f\u0131lma konusunda \u015fu ili\u015fkileri de de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. Sykes-Picot Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ve Fransa aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, Behdinan- Barzan b\u00f6lgesinin, Suriye ile birlikte Fransa\u2019ya, S\u00fcleymaniye-Kerk\u00fck b\u00f6lgesinin ise B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019ya verilmesi s\u00f6z konusuydu. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin, par\u00e7alanman\u0131n, payla\u015f\u0131lman\u0131n nas\u0131l bir seyir izledi\u011fini daha iyi g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6nce Ba\u015fur, Bakur, Rojhilat, Rojava \u015feklinde b\u00f6l\u00fcnme olmu\u015f, daha sonra Ba\u015fur\u2019un kendi i\u00e7inde de bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini, payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye gayret edilmi\u015ftir. Ama yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonunda, Ba\u015fur\u2019un tamam\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019n\u0131n denetimine verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n K\u00fcrdlerle ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019la ilgili bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel planda ve fiili olarak, Uluslar\u0131n Kendi Geleceklerini Belirleme ilkesinin savunuldu\u011fu, ya\u015fama ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde, Lenin, Stalin, Trocky\u2019nin, ABD\u2019de Ba\u015fkan Wilsoon\u2019un, Uluslar\u0131n Kendi Geleceklerini Belirleme ilkesini yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde savunduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ama bu d\u00f6nemde Sovyetler Birli\u011fi hi\u00e7bir zaman K\u00fcrdlerin yan\u0131nda yer almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her zaman K\u00fcrdleri, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 b\u00f6lenlerin, par\u00e7alayanlar\u0131n, payla\u015fanlar\u0131n politikalar\u0131na destek vermi\u015ftir. Bu, Uluslar\u0131n Kendi Geleceklerini Belirleme Temel \u0130lkesi\u2019nin, ta o zamanlarda sakatland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. K\u00fcrd\/K\u00fcrdistan sorununu temelinde bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla, uluslararas\u0131 bir antla\u015fman\u0131n garantisi alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anti-K\u00fcrd s\u00fcre\u00e7 Milletler Cemiyeti d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrdlere\/K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bundan sonra, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fur, Bakur, Rojhilat, Rojava, alanlar\u0131nda yer yer ayaklanmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi b\u00f6lge devletlerinin kendi aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve g\u00fc\u00e7 birli\u011fiyle, emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin K\u00fcrdlere kar\u015f\u0131, s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen b\u00f6lge devletlerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131, askeri, siyasi, ekonomik yard\u0131mlarla bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Milletler Cemiyeti, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra, uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kurmak ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftu. Milletler Cemiyeti bunu ba\u015faramad\u0131, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engel olamad\u0131. Ama, uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kurma \u00e7abalar\u0131, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresince de devam etti.<\/p>\n Bu \u00e7abalar sonras\u0131nda, 1945\u2019de Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Cemiyeti kuruldu. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in kurulmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n siyasal \u00e7ehresinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oldu. Fakat, K\u00fcrdlerin, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n durumunda hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131. K\u00fcrdlerin, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n, b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f, payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hali aynen devam etti. K\u00fcrdlere stat\u00fc verilmemesini, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki iki ana maddedeki ili\u015fkilerle de\u011ferlendirebiliriz:<\/p>\n 1-) TBMM\u2019nin T\u00fcrklerin ve K\u00fcrdlerin Meclisi Oldu\u011fu Yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131 Herkes, Lozan\u2019da temsil edilen TBMM H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin T\u00fcrklerin ve K\u00fcrdlerin ortak meclisi oldu\u011fu yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131na kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yan\u0131lg\u0131ya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki geli\u015fmeler sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n a-) TBMM H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ad\u0131na konferansa kat\u0131lan ba\u015f delege \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, K\u00fcrd k\u00f6kenli olsa da K\u00fcrdl\u00fckle bir ilgisi yoktur. Yine dan\u0131\u015fman olarak g\u00f6nderilen Diyarbekir Mebusu Z\u00fclf\u00fc Tigrel, \u00f6nce \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, sonra Kemalistlerin has adam\u0131, i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isidir. Zaten konferansta, konu\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131 ona geldi\u011finde, hastay\u0131m diye otelden \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f, konu\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye devretmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n b-) Konferansa, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan g\u00f6nderilen, \u201cT\u00fcrklerle beraberiz.\u201d \u015eeklindeki telgraflar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, b\u00f6lgedeki valiler taraf\u0131ndan organize edilerek g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Zaten, o s\u0131rada (1922 sonu), K\u00fcrdleri temsil edecek hi\u00e7bir K\u00fcrd \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, hatta yay\u0131n\u0131 yoktu. \u0130ki-\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kurulan K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti gibi K\u00fcrd \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ve\u00a0J\u00een<\/em>\u00a0dergisi gibi K\u00fcrd yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130ngilizlerin \u0130stanbul\u2019da oldu\u011fu bir s\u0131rada, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f, kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n c-) TBMM\u2019nin K\u00fcrdlerin ve T\u00fcrklerin ortak meclisi oldu\u011funa dair yan\u0131lg\u0131ya, meclisteki birka\u00e7 K\u00fcrd mebus kat\u0131lsa da K\u00fcrd ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00f6zellikle kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti mensuplar\u0131, bunun aldatmaca oldu\u011funu biliyorlard\u0131. Ancak seslerini duyuracak imkanlar\u0131 yoktu. Zaten \u00e7o\u011fu o s\u0131ralarda can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi nedeniyle ba\u015fka yerlere gitmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, ka\u00e7mak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131<\/p>\n d) Bu geli\u015fmelerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedenlerinden biri de 1878-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki 45 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n Ermeni meselesindeki yanl\u0131\u015f tutumlar\u0131yd\u0131. Sevr-Lozan aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Akdeniz\u2019den Karadeniz\u2019e, t\u00fcm Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u0131 (Vil\u00e2yat-\u0131 Sitte) da kapsayan B\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan Projesi g\u00fcndemdeydi. Vilayat-\u0131 Sitte (alt\u0131 vilayet) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, Erzurum, Sivas, Mamuret\u2019\u00fcl Aziz (Harput), Diyarbekir, Bitlis, Van vilayetlerini kaps\u0131yordu. Etrafta, \u201cK\u00fcrdistan Ermenistan olacak\u201d propagandas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek \u00e7ok \u015fey oluyordu. Bu durumda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman K\u00fcrdlerin, H\u0131ristiyan Ermenileri de\u011fil M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerle hareket etmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonu\u00e7tu.<\/p>\n 2-) \u0130ngilizlerle Kemalistlerin \u0130kili G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta konferans\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya (\u0130ngiltere) ba\u015f delegesi Curzon ve TBMM H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ba\u015f delegesi \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7ti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u00fcrdlerin durumu do\u011frudan g\u00fcndeme gelmese de \u201cMusul\u201d ve \u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131klar\u201d maddelerinde, K\u00fcrdlerin durumu da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131n\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcrkler, K\u00fcrdler beraberdir, birdir.\u201d propagandas\u0131na kan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Lozan\u2019da, her zaman T\u00fcrklerin K\u00fcrdlerle birli\u011finden s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir. Lord Curzon\u2019un, K\u00fcrdlerle ilgili ifadeleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hep b\u00f6yle konu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Fakat, \u0130ki y\u0131l bile ge\u00e7meden, 1925\u2019de \u015eeyh Said direni\u015fi d\u00f6neminde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan herkesin T\u00fcrk oldu\u011funu, sadece T\u00fcrklerin etnik haklar isteyebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyecektir.<\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi, 11 Kas\u0131m 1922\u2019de ba\u015flayan konferans 4 \u015eubat 1923\u2019e kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131, T\u00fcrk Heyeti Ankara\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Hemen ard\u0131ndan 17 \u015eubat 1923\u2019te \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi topland\u0131, kapitalizm tercih edildi, yabanc\u0131 sermayeye imtiyazlar tan\u0131nd\u0131. 1 Nisan 1923 tarihinde, g\u00f6rece olarak daha demokratik olan 1. Meclis da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131 ve Lozan\u2019a onay verecek, 2. Meclis se\u00e7melerine ba\u015fland\u0131. 23 Nisan 1923 tarihinde tekrar toplanan konferans, \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra, 24 Temmuz 1923 tarihinde anla\u015fmayla sona erdi. Antla\u015fmay\u0131, Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan atanan 2. Meclis mebuslar\u0131 onaylad\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu son \u00fc\u00e7 ayda (23 Nisan 1923-24 Temmuz 1923) yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler hakk\u0131nda kamuoyuna \u00e7ok az bilgi yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arada (4 \u015eubat 1923-23 Nisan 1923) yap\u0131lan \u0130ngiliz-T\u00fcrk ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri hakk\u0131nda ise hi\u00e7 bilgimiz yok. As\u0131l sorun da bu. D\u00fcne kadar anla\u015famayan, has\u0131m olan \u0130ngilizler ve T\u00fcrkler, \u015fiddetle tart\u0131\u015fan Curzon ve \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, nas\u0131l anla\u015ft\u0131lar? Bu antla\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7inde en ba\u015fta K\u00fcrdlerin durumu, Musul konusu (sonraya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n), petrol konusu oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u015eartlar\u0131n Uygun oldu\u011fu bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, neden K\u00fcrdistan kurulmam\u0131\u015f, neden Sevr\u2019de K\u00fcrdlere tan\u0131nan stat\u00fc de Lozan\u2019da ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/p>\n Bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6ylenebilir: O d\u00f6nem, Irak \u00fc\u00e7 vilayetten olu\u015fuyordu. Musul, Ba\u011fdat, Basra. Musul, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi, Hewler, S\u00fcleymaniye, Duhok ve Kerk\u00fck de dahil olmak \u00fczere, \u015eengal\u2019den Xanekin\u2019e kadar K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131 kaps\u0131yordu. B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya, Musul\u2019u, yeni kurmay\u0131 tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Irak\u2019a ba\u011flamak istiyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1908\u2019de Kerk\u00fck\u2019te petrol bulunmu\u015ftu ve petrol \u0130ngiliz sanayisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ham maddeydi.<\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal ise, \u2018Atalar\u0131m\u0131z 400 y\u0131l buralar\u0131 y\u00f6nettiler, buralar, bizimdir, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nindir\u2019 diyerek, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019n\u0131n bu tasar\u0131m\u0131na \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Bu konuda \u0130ngilizlerle Mustafa Kemal aras\u0131nda siyasal, diplomatik bir \u00e7eli\u015fki vard\u0131. 1923 sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru bu diplomatik ve siyasal \u00e7eli\u015fkinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015ftu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019ya \u015funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015f olabilir: \u2018Biz Musul\u2019da \u00e7ekilece\u011fiz. Ama siz de K\u00fcrdlerden gelen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00f6zerklik taleplerine kat\u2019i surette yol vermeyin\u2019. \u015euras\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir: B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya, \u00f6rne\u011fin Bostwana\u2019dan Gana\u2019ya kadar, Hindistan\u2019dan, Kenya\u2019ya kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerini \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimler kurarak y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir. \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi, bu bak\u0131mdan Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netiminden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim kurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek alan K\u00fcrdistan\u2019d\u0131r. Bu da kan\u0131mca, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in isteklerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir.<\/p>\n Irak K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/p>\n 2003\u2019de ABD Irak\u2019a silahl\u0131 m\u00fcdahalede bulundu. Bu m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131nda Irak\u2019ta 2005\u2019de yeni bir anayasa yap\u0131ld\u0131. 2005 tarihli Irak Anayasas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi kuruldu. K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi elbette bir stat\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ama bu stat\u00fc, K\u00fcrdlerin, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, \u0130slam Konferans\u0131 gibi uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerde temsili i\u00e7in yeterli olmamaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr kurumlarda ancak devletlerin temsil edildi\u011fi yak\u0131ndan bilinmektedir. O bak\u0131mdan, bu yap\u0131n\u0131n devletle\u015fmesi gerekmektedir. Devletle\u015fme i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u015fartlar da uygundur. Referandumla, halktan % 90\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerinde onay al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n K\u00fcrdler i\u00e7in devletle\u015fme s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, baz\u0131 K\u00fcrdler aras\u0131nda, \u2018Devlet k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr. K\u00fcrdlere devlet gerekmez\u2019 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, K\u00fcrdlerin de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye Devleti, Irak Devleti, \u0130ran Devleti, Suriye Devleti veya genel olarak, K\u00fcrdleri s\u00f6m\u00fcrge stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde tutmak isteyenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu devletlerin,\u00a0kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini K\u00fcrdlere s\u00f6yletmesi, K\u00fcrdler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, bu devletler i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131 ve kazan\u00e7t\u0131r. E\u011fer devletiniz yoksa hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin, hi\u00e7bir siyasi iradenin, hi\u00e7bir kurumun sahibi olamazs\u0131n\u0131z. M\u00fcze bile kuramazs\u0131n\u0131z, mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bile koruyamazs\u0131n\u0131z. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde, K\u00fcrdlerin bu kurumlara, bu niteliklere, ancak, K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi d\u00f6neminde yani \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim d\u00f6neminde sahip olabildikleri bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 ve \u0130stem<\/strong><\/p>\n Y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla K\u00fcrdler tarihi bir haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n devletsiz en b\u00fcy\u00fck halklar\u0131ndan biri durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, K\u00fcrdistan par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek devletlerararas\u0131 bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrge h\u00e2line getirilmi\u015ftir. Bunun telafisi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamakla birlikte, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, uluslararas\u0131 toplum, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Cemiyeti, K\u00fcrdler i\u00e7in bir \u015feyler yapmak zorundad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin egemenli\u011findeki Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan (Bakur), \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n egemenli\u011findeki Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan (Rojhilat), Suriye\u2019nin egemenli\u011findeki G\u00fcney- Bat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan (Rojava) ve Azerbaycan-Ermenistan egemenli\u011findeki Kafkas K\u00fcrdistan\u0131\u2019nda, K\u00fcrd halk\u0131 hi\u00e7bir ulusal hakka sahip de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi, h\u00e2len Irak devleti egemenli\u011findeki G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan (Ba\u015fur), federatif bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Acil olarak G\u00fcney\u2019deki bu federal yap\u0131n\u0131n devletle\u015fmesi, G\u00fcney-Bat\u0131\u2019daki yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zerkle\u015fmesi gerekir. Suriye\u2019nin egemenli\u011finde ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u015fgalindeki G\u00fcney-Bat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da verilen m\u00fccadele bir belirsizlik i\u00e7indedir. \u0130ran egemenli\u011findeki Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da, K\u00fcrd halk\u0131 \u0130slami bir rejimin bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, her g\u00fcn K\u00fcrd gen\u00e7leri idam edilmektedir. K\u00fcrdlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ise K\u00fcrdler acil olarak ulusal-demokratik haklar\u0131na kavu\u015fma m\u00fccadelesi vermektedirler.<\/p>\n Takdir edersiniz ki, K\u00fcrdlerin bu durumda olmas\u0131nda, o d\u00f6nemdeki uluslararas\u0131 toplumun (Milletler Cemiyeti) ve Lozan\u2019da yap\u0131lan antla\u015fman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcrdler, be\u015f par\u00e7ada verdikleri m\u00fccadelede, bu d\u00f6nemin uluslararas\u0131 toplumunu yanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6rmek istemektedirler. Bu, uluslararas\u0131 toplum i\u00e7in, d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in K\u00fcrdlere \u00f6denmesi gereken bir bor\u00e7tur\u2026<\/p>\n