{"id":22873,"date":"2023-06-11T07:26:11","date_gmt":"2023-06-11T04:26:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22873"},"modified":"2023-06-01T22:37:09","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T19:37:09","slug":"1918de-kurd-diline-dair-yayinlanmis-onemli-bir-eser-mukaddimetul-irfan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22873","title":{"rendered":"1918\u2019de K\u00fcrd diline dair yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli bir eser: Mukaddimet\u2019\u00fbl \u0130rfan-1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mukaddimet\u2019\u00fbl \u0130rfan<\/em>[1]<\/a>, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u201c\u0130rfan\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 mahiyetindedir. Bu risalede\u00a0Mukaddimet\u2019\u00fbl \u0130rfan<\/em>, K\u00fcrd dil bilimine giri\u015f manas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130rfan, Arap\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli bir kelime olup bilim, bilme, \u00f6\u011frenme ve usul anlam\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131caya ge\u00e7mi\u015f.\u00a0Mehmed Mihri Bey\u2019in, K\u00fcrd dili ve leh\u00e7elerine dair, b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fiveler aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131, ses de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve kelime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerini konu alan \u201c<\/span>Mukaddimet\u2019\u00fbl \u0130rfan\u201d adl\u0131 bu de\u011ferli eseri, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde K\u00fcrd dili \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer kapsar.<\/p>\n

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Mukadimet \u00fbl \u0130rfan<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Mukaddimet\u2019\u00fbl \u0130rfan\u2019<\/em>da K\u00fcrd dili leh\u00e7elerine dair tespit edilen hususiyetler, ses de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde maddeler halinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f ve yek\u00fbn olarak 140 maddeden olu\u015fan bir eser ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n deyimiyle eser\u00a0ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak, \u201cK\u00fcrd dilinin harflere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131 ve anlamlar\u0131yla beraber kelimelerin de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne dair m\u00fchim d\u00fcst\u00fbrlar\u0131 (prensipleri) vazetmek ve sa\u011flam kurallar temelinde okurlar\u0131n dikkatine arz edilecektir. Bu kaidelere hakk\u0131yla (ger\u00e7ekten) vak\u0131f olanlar maddeten birlik, tarz ve \u015fivece bir par\u00e7a muhtelif olan kabileler lugat-\u0131 (dili) ve K\u00fcrd a\u015firetlerinin dilini iyi bir \u015fekilde anlayabilirler.\u201d[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mehmed Mihri bu konuda ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla birlikte, K\u00fcrd dilinin sarf ve nahiv kaidelerine dair daha \u00f6nceleri Bat\u0131 ve \u015eark alimleri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve ortaya konulmu\u015f eserleri de hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r. \u201cK\u00fcrd dilinin nahiv ve sarf kaidelerine dair say\u0131s\u0131z eserler vard\u0131r. Bu eserlerin pek \u00e7o\u011fu Garp (Bat\u0131) alimlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve y\u00fcce eserleri ile insanl\u0131k himmetkaraneleri (\u00e7abalar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131) ve bilgi birikimleridir. Asgari k\u0131sm\u0131 ise; K\u00fcrd edip ve ulemas\u0131n\u0131n fikirsel neticesi ile milli te\u015febb\u00fcs mahsul\u00fcn\u00fcn birikimidir.\u201d[3]<\/a>\u00a0Ancak \u201cBu eserlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve istifade etmeye uygun de\u011fildir. Lakin i\u015fitti\u011fime g\u00f6re \u201cBeni Erdelan h\u00fck\u00fcmdarzadelerinden \u0130ran Maliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Hac\u0131 Fahr\u00fb\u2019l Memal\u00eek taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrd dilinin kaideleri ve dilbilgisine dair m\u00fckemmel bir kitap yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitap do\u011fumumdan otuz sene evvel tab edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da tek bir n\u00fcshas\u0131na bile tesad\u00fcf edemedim ve onun hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi de\u011filim. Fakat her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda Hac\u0131 Fahr\u00fb\u2019l Memal\u00eek gibi milletperver bir asilzadenin alimce te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcte\u015fekkir ve memnun olmak gerekli bir vazifedir.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yazar tarihsel bele\u011fi hat\u0131rlatmakla birlikte, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi de ele\u015ftirel bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla de\u011ferlendirerek, bundan \u00f6nceki K\u00fcrd bilginleri, alimleri ve m\u00fcnevverlerinin toplumsal ve ulusal sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fini yeterince yerine getirmedi\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131p, \u201cBizim eserlerimiz bizi g\u00f6sterir\u201d diyerek\u00a0mevcut \u00e7ok k\u0131t ko\u015fullarda kendisinin bu na\u00e7izane \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla bu alan\u0131n ilklerinden ve \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden biri oldu\u011funu dile getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Mukaddimet\u00fb\u2019l- \u0130rfan<\/em>\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u0130fade\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki k\u0131sm\u0131nda yazar, fikir, edebi tabiat\u0131n benzerli\u011fi, tarz\u0131 ve basiret y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u201cK\u00fcrd ediplerinin tac\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0Mele Hedr\u00ee Nal\u00ee\u2019yi kendine rehber edindi\u011fini, her selefin bir halefi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek, kendisini de \u201cNal\u00ee\u201dnin halefi olarak tan\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/strong>\u015eu fani d\u00fcnyada herkes gidicidir ve her gidici i\u00e7in bir halef ve onun yolunu izleyen laz\u0131md\u0131r. Ben acizaneleri de b\u00fct\u00fcn fikir ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn ilim ve basiret sahipleri meyan\u0131nda K\u00fcrd ediplerinin tac\u0131 ve belki \u015fiir aleminin yegane \u00fcstad\u0131 olan merhum Mele Hedr\u00ee Nal\u00ee\u2019yi kendime rehber edindim. \u2026<\/p>\n

Muhterem edibin sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zellikler; vicdan sahibi, marifet ve y\u00fcce himmetinin hazinesinden \u00e7\u0131kan bir-iki beyitleriyle ifadesi kabildir. Zaten her kesin mesle\u011fi ve tarz\u0131 eserlerinde ruh gibi n\u00fcfuz eder, \u0131\u015f\u0131k gibi a\u00e7\u0131k ve alenidir.<\/p>\n

Nal\u00ee, \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca g\u00fczel fikir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle \u00f6nc\u00fc olup, bo\u015f ve yersiz s\u00f6zlerden ka\u00e7\u0131narak, belki de lezzetlerden vazge\u00e7erek alakas\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta yiyecek ve i\u00e7eceklerden de fazlaca nefsini k\u0131sarak zay\u0131f, natevan (yetersiz) kalarak ve dolays\u0131yla dostlar\u0131n yak\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131n hedefi olmu\u015ftur\u2026..\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Yazar, \u201c\u0130rfan\u201d nam\u0131yla isimlendirilen (adland\u0131r\u0131lan) eserin konusunun diller ve \u0130slam l\u00fbgat\u0131ndan ibaret, bu diller aras\u0131nda bilhassa T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7eden bahs olunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131r. \u201cEserin Mevzusu\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ise, bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak bu kitab\u0131n, K\u00fcrd dilinin harflere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131 ve anlamlar\u0131yla beraber kelimelerin de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne dair m\u00fchim d\u00fcst\u00fbrlar\u0131 vazetmek ve sa\u011flam kurallar temelinde okurlar\u0131n dikkatine arz edilece\u011fini belirtir. Ondan sonra da K\u00fcrd dilinin diyalektleri ve \u015fivelerine dair k\u0131sa bir tasnif yaparak, s\u00f6zkonusu diyalekt ya da \u015fiveleri konu\u015fan a\u015firet ve topluluklar\u0131n K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fim yerleri, yay\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 alanlar\u0131 belirtmekte. Bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 diyalekt ve \u015five \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda tespit etti\u011fi fonemleri ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri, K\u00fcrd dilinin fonetik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak \u00fczere, bu kaideleri 140 madde halinde s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Se\u00eed Veroj-Rudaw<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a>\u00a0M. M.,\u00a0Muqeddimet\u2019\u00fbl \u0130rfan<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span>Na\u015firi: Arvasizade Seyyid Mehmed \u015eefik,\u00a0Necm\u00ee \u0130stikbal Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, Hicri 1336-Mali 1334 (1918)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a>\u00a0M. M.,\u00a0Muqeddimet\u2019\u00fbl \u0130rfan<\/em>, s. 4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a>\u00a0Kurdistan<\/em>, Say\u0131: 2, Pazar 9 \u015eubat 1335, s. 21-22<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a>\u00a0Kurdistan<\/em>, Say\u0131: 4, Necm-i \u0130stikbal Matbaas\u0131, 15 Mart 1335 (15 Mart 1919), \u0130stanbul, s. 42<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mukaddimet\u2019\u00fbl \u0130rfan[1], ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u201c\u0130rfan\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 mahiyetindedir. Bu risalede\u00a0Mukaddimet\u2019\u00fbl \u0130rfan, K\u00fcrd dil bilimine giri\u015f manas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130rfan, Arap\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli bir kelime olup bilim, bilme, \u00f6\u011frenme ve usul anlam\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131caya ge\u00e7mi\u015f.\u00a0Mehmed Mihri Bey\u2019in, K\u00fcrd dili ve leh\u00e7elerine dair, b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fiveler aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131, ses de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve kelime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerini konu alan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":22874,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084],"tags":[5769,1616,6181,3189,6180],"class_list":["post-22873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","tag-kurt-dili","tag-manset","tag-mele-hedri-nali","tag-rudaw","tag-seit-veroj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22873"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22873\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}