{"id":22848,"date":"2023-06-06T07:00:01","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T04:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22848"},"modified":"2023-05-28T17:51:17","modified_gmt":"2023-05-28T14:51:17","slug":"tarihte-kerkuk-sehri-ve-kurtler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22848","title":{"rendered":"TAR\u0130HTE KERK\u00dcK \u015eEHR\u0130 VE K\u00dcRTLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kerk\u00fck tarihine k\u0131saca bir bakal\u0131m; Arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar sonucunda Kerk\u00fck\u2019te 28 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Neandertallerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eehir bir \u00e7ok medeniyet taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Eski\u00a0Asur\u00a0ba\u015fkenti\u00a0Arrapha\u00a0b\u00f6lgesinde\u00a0yer alan Kerk\u00fck, 5000 y\u0131ll\u0131k harabeleri \u00fczerinde, Khasa nehri yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Arrapha,\u00a0M\u00d6 10\u00a0ve 11. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Asurlular d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6neme kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Stratejik ve co\u011frafik \u00f6nemi nedeniyle\u00a0\u015fehir, \u00fc\u00e7 imparatorluk i\u00e7in adeta bir sava\u015f meydan\u0131yd\u0131;\u00a0Asur\u00a0imparatorlu\u011fu,\u00a0Babil\u00a0ve\u00a0Med\u00a0imparatorluklar\u0131, ki hepsi \u015fehri belirli zamanlarda y\u00f6netmi\u015ftirler.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6 2150 Gutians (Gutiler) Kerk\u00fck \u015fehrini ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Bat\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda Gutiler i\u00e7in \u2018\u2019Za\u011fros Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Sakinleri\u2019\u2019 denilir. Gutiler uzun s\u00fcre Kerk\u00fck ve civar\u0131nda hakimiyet sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Gutilerin hakimiyetini, S\u00fcmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ele ge\u00e7irerek \u015fehre hakim olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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Akad alfabesi\u00a0ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir Guti Tableti (M.\u00d6.2130)<\/strong>
\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u00fcmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fen Hurri ve Mittaniler, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk kurarak Arrapkha ( Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fc ) S\u00fcmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fundan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015f sonucu alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zagros\u00a0Da\u011flar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan antik halk. Gutiler hakk\u0131nda\u00a0S\u00fcmerler,\u00a0Babiller\u00a0ve uzun y\u0131llar sonra\u00a0Asurlular\u00a0birbirleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fmeden, Zagros da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n Orta ve Kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinde\u00a0Guti\u00a0ya da\u00a0Qurti\u00a0ad\u0131nda halk\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fclkelerine de\u00a0Gu-ti-um<\/strong>\u00a0dendi\u011fini yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7i Mehrad izady\u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrtler\u00a0Bir El Kitab\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131nda Gutiler\u2019in modern\u00a0Girdi a\u015fireti olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve son kral\u00a0Tirigan\u00a0isminin yine K\u00fcrt a\u015fireti olan\u00a0Tirikan\u2019lardan geldi\u011fini aktarmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gutiler \u00f6zellikle sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir halk olarak bilinirler. Sava\u015f stratejisi olarak \u2018vur-ka\u00e7\u2019 tekni\u011fini uygularlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tarih Kronolojisi\u2019ne\u00a0g\u00f6re Gutiler 1500 y\u0131l Mezopotamya\u2019ya etki etti.Asur\u00a0kral\u0131 Shalmaneser,\u00a0Mitanniler\u2019e sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve Mitanniler\u2019i y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Mitanniler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 zaferini Gutiler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 zafer olarak kabul etmi\u015f ve demi\u015ftir ki; \u201cArarat\u00a0s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan\u00a0Tur \u00c2bidin\u2019e kadar bu \u00fclke i\u00e7inde su gibi Guti kan\u0131 akt\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mezopotamya\u2019da bir \u00e7ok medeniyetin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kerk\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u2018\u2019Siyasi\u2019\u2019 bir boyut kazanm\u0131\u015fken, Kerk\u00fck tarihinde \u2018\u2019K\u00fcrtlerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u2019\u2019 iddia etmek trajikomik bir durumdur.<\/p>\n

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Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde tarih\u00e7iler Kerk\u00fck i\u00e7in neler s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc seyyah Evliya \u00c7elebi 1650\u2019lerde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Seyahatname\u2019sinde, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan s\u00f6z ederken Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fc de K\u00fcrdistan vilayetleri i\u00e7inde sayar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cK\u00fcrdistan; Erzurum, Van, Diyarbekir, Cizire, Ciziri ibn \u00d6mer, \u0130madiye, Musul, \u015earezor (Kerk\u00fck) ve Ardelan vilayetlerinden olu\u015fur.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

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KERK\u00dcK K\u0130M\u0130N \u015eEHR\u0130?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da oldu\u011funu ve 4\/3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn K\u00fcrd oldu\u011funu, ilk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ansiklopedi Kamus-i A\u2019lam\u2019\u0131n yazar\u0131 \u015eemseddin\u00a0Sami<\/strong>..<\/p>\n

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\u015eemseddin Sami\u2019nin 1889-1898 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ansiklopedi olan Kamus\u00fcl-Alem\u2019de Kerk\u00fck n\u00fcfusu \u015f\u00f6yle tespit edilmi\u015f:
\n\u201cHalk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc K\u00fcrd, geriye kalanlar\u0131 da T\u00fcrkmen, Arap vs. 760 Yahudi ve 460 Keldani de vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

1889\u2019da \u015eemseddin Sam\u00ee K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 tarif etmi\u015f..<\/p>\n

\u015eemseddin Sami, 1 Haziran 1850\u2032de Arnavutlukta do\u011fmu\u015f 5 Haziran 1904\u2032te \u0130stanbul\u2019da vefat etmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 yazar, ansiklopedist ve s\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kamus\u2019\u00fcl A\u2019l\u00e2m adl\u0131 6 ciltlik ansiklopedisinin yaz\u0131m\u0131na 1889\u2032da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f; Kamus-u T\u00fcrk\u00ee adl\u0131 L\u00fcgat\u2019\u0131n\u0131 ise 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitap: KAM\u00dbS-U T\u00dcRK\u00ce<\/strong>
\nYazar: \u015eemseddin Sam\u00ee<\/strong>
\nShf. 1156 \u2013 1157<\/strong><\/p>\n

KURD<\/strong>: Irak-\u0131 Arab ile Irak-\u0131 Acem aras\u0131nda ve Cez\u00eere\u2019nin \u015fark-\u0131 \u015fimalinde, yani hudud-u \u0130ran\u00eeyenin iki cihetinde sakin, ma\u2019ruf bir kavim efrad\u0131ndan olan adam.<\/p>\n

KURD\u0130STAN<\/strong>: Memalik-i Osman\u00eeye\u2019de hudud-u \u0130ran\u00eeyenin iki cihetinden ve Cez\u00eere\u2019nin \u015fark-\u0131 \u015fimal taraflar\u0131ndan ibaret yer.<\/p>\n

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Yak\u0131n tarihimide Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn demografik durumu;<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 BAAS rejimi d\u00f6neminde Saddam taraf\u0131ndan Kerk\u00fck ve Musul\u2019un demografik yap\u0131s\u0131 sava\u015flarla de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. K\u00fcrdler, Kerk\u00fck\u2019ten g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilerek yerlerine Araplar yerle\u015ftirildi. K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusunun eritildi\u011fi Kerk\u00fck\u2019te daha sonra \u201dT\u00fcrkmen\u201d ve \u201dArap \u015fehri\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131 yarat\u0131ld\u0131. Bug\u00fcn, Kerk\u00fck\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Havice ( \u0130\u015e\u0130D kontrol\u00fcnde) bulunuyor. Havice, Saddam d\u00f6neminde kuruldu ve araplar yerle\u015ftirilerek Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn n\u00fcfusuna m\u00fcdahale edildi. 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda Kerk\u00fck\u2019te bulunan K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusu %65-70 civar\u0131ndayken g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde n\u00fcfus oran\u0131 %50-51 seviyesindedir.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7em\u00e7emal, Xurmat\u00fb ve Germiyan il\u00e7eleri o d\u00f6nemde Kerk\u00fck vilayetine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.S\u00f6zkonusu ar\u015fivde, Erbil\u2019in o d\u00f6nem genel n\u00fcfusunun 240 bin ve bunun 218 binin K\u00fcrd oldu\u011fu belgeleniyor.Belgelerde, S\u00fcleymaniye vilayetinde 222 bin ki\u015finin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n %100 K\u00fcrd oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor.\u0130ngiltere ar\u015fiv belgelerine g\u00f6re, \u2018K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi \u0130daresi D\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Kalan K\u00fcrd B\u00f6lgeleri\u2019 Xaneq\u00een, Mendel\u00ee, Se\u00eediye, Celavle ve Beledruz vilayetlerinde o d\u00f6nem 56 bin ki\u015fi ya\u015f\u0131yor ve bunlar\u0131n 45 bini K\u00fcrd.<\/p>\n

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Tarihte Dr. Rauwolff\u2019un , J. S. Buckingham, J.B. Fraser, \u0130ngiliz Subay\u0131 Major Fredrick Millengen gibi seyyahlar Kerk\u00fck ziyaretlerinde Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn bir T\u00fcrkmen veya Arap \u015fehri oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z etmemi\u015flerdir. Kerk\u00fck\u2019e ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren b\u00fct\u00fcn seyyahlar Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn bir K\u00fcrt \u015fehri oldu\u011funu ve n\u00fcfus olarak K\u00fcrtlerin yo\u011funlukta ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

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27 Haziran 1918 London Illustrated gazetesi\u00a0Kerk\u00fck<\/strong>\u2018\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir K\u00fcrd ve K\u00fcrdistan \u015fehri oldu\u011funu yaz\u0131yor\u2026\u00a0Kerk\u00fck<\/strong>\u00a0tarih boyunca K\u00fcrtlerin yo\u011funlukla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fehirdir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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1946 \u2013 1952 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda\u00a0Kerk\u00fck<\/strong>\u00a0n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu K\u00fcrtlerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 1968\u2019de Irak\u2019ta \u201cBirlik, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, Sosyalizm\u201d slogan\u0131yla kurulu\u015funu ilan eden Baas Partisi,\u00a0Kerk\u00fck<\/strong>\u00a0n\u00fcfusunu sistematik bir \u015fekilde d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem Araplar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirerek de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cBu tarihlerde Musul ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019te T\u00fcrkmen yok.\u201d<\/p>\n

1049, Hezbaniye ve Humeydiye K\u00fcrtleri Musul emiri Karva\u015f aras\u0131nda anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Humeydiye K\u00fcrtlerinin Musul civar\u0131nda kaleleri vard\u0131. Erbil kalesi ve oraya ba\u011fl\u0131 kasaba ve k\u00f6yler de Hezbaniye K\u00fcrtlerine aitti.<\/p>\n

\u201cHumeydiler, Erbil\u2019i karde\u015fi Ebu\u2019l Hasan\u2019dan almas\u0131 i\u00e7in ona yard\u0131m ettiler, o da buray\u0131 zapt etti ve kalenin h\u00e2kimini esir ald\u0131.\u201d \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l Esir, el- K\u00e2mil fi\u2019t-Tarih, c. 9, s. 417<\/p>\n

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1800 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130sve\u00e7li Bilim \u0130nsan\u0131 Daniel Djurberg taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7izilmi\u015f K\u00fcrdistan haritas\u0131. Bitlis\u2019den\u00a0Kerk\u00fck<\/strong>\u2019e \u00e7izilmi\u015f hat.. Diyarbak\u0131r, Mardin ve Cizre B\u00f6lgesi \u201cEl Cezire\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u2026<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Haz\u0131rlayan Bitlisname.com Kaynak g\u00f6sterilmeden yay\u0131mlanamaz\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bitlisname.com<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kerk\u00fck tarihine k\u0131saca bir bakal\u0131m; Arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar sonucunda Kerk\u00fck\u2019te 28 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Neandertallerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eehir bir \u00e7ok medeniyet taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir.     Eski\u00a0Asur\u00a0ba\u015fkenti\u00a0Arrapha\u00a0b\u00f6lgesinde\u00a0yer alan Kerk\u00fck, 5000 y\u0131ll\u0131k harabeleri \u00fczerinde, Khasa nehri yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Arrapha,\u00a0M\u00d6 10\u00a0ve 11. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Asurlular d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6neme kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Stratejik ve co\u011frafik \u00f6nemi nedeniyle\u00a0\u015fehir, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":22849,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1084],"tags":[5597,5497,3006,6166,1616,6167],"class_list":["post-22848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-arastirma","tag-araplar","tag-irak","tag-kerkuk","tag-kerkuk-turk-sehri","tag-manset","tag-turkmenler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22848"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22848\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}