Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir, me\u015fhur Nak\u015fi \u015eeyhlerinden \u015eeyh Ubeydullah\u2019\u0131n o\u011fludur. Hakkari\u2019de 1851 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011far. 1879-80 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u015eeyh Ubeydullah Nehri\u2019nin liderli\u011finde ba\u015flayan K\u00fcrt hareketinde, o\u011flu Ubeydullah 28 ya\u015flar\u0131nda ve hareketin askeri \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hiyerar\u015fisinde babas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f kolu konumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hareketin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra \u015eeyh Ubeydullah, aile fertleriyle beraber 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hicaz\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131ndan sonra 1890\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nmelerine izin verilir. Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir, o d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul\u2019da illegal olarak kurulmu\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyetine \u00fcye olur. II. Abd\u00fclhamit rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadeleye aktif olarak kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu faaliyetlerinden dolay\u0131 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu sefer de Mekke\u2019ye s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131 da 1908\u2019de \u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan edilmesine kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra bas\u0131n-yay\u0131n ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme alanlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan k\u0131smi serbestiyet ortam\u0131nda, K\u00fcrdler de kendi kimlikleriyle kurduklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle siyasi sahneye dahil olurlar. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul merkezli olarak kurulan ilk K\u00fcrt \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1908\u2019de kurulmu\u015f olan K\u00fcrt Teav\u00fcn ve Terraki Cemiyeti\u2019dir. Cemiyetin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilen Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir, ayn\u0131 zamanda H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130tilaf Partisi\u2019nin de kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. KTTC kurulu\u015ftan k\u0131sa bir m\u00fcddet sonra, di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve e\u011fitimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla birlikte ayn\u0131 isimle yani\u00a0K\u00fcrd Teav\u00fcn ve Terakki Gazetesi<\/em>\u00a0ad\u0131yla bir de gazete yay\u0131mlamaya ba\u015flar ancak cemiyetin faaliyetleri pek uzun s\u00fcrmemi\u015ftir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l sonra siyasal y\u00f6netimin bask\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu hem yay\u0131n faaliyeti durdurulur hem de cemiyet kapat\u0131l\u0131r. Muhaliflerin susturulmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan mevki ve makamlar bir \u015fekilde Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir\u2019e de sunulur. Bu ba\u011flamda Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir Ayan Meclisi \u00fcyeli\u011fine getirilir ve sonra Ferit Pa\u015fa H\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde de bir m\u00fcddet \u015e\u00fcra-yi Devlet (Dan\u0131\u015ftay) reisli\u011fine tayin edilir.<\/p>\n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131; bir taraftan \u0130stanbul merkezli K\u00fcrt siyasal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel faaliyetlerini akamete u\u011frat\u0131r, di\u011fer taraftan da K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ve K\u00fcrt toplumsal dinami\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tahribata neden olur. B\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar ve de\u011fi\u015fimlerle d\u00f6rt y\u0131l s\u00fcren bu sava\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrd ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve siyasi kadrolar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir siyasal de\u011fi\u015fime ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme de neden olur. Sava\u015ftan hemen sonra eski \u00f6rg\u00fctler yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flar. Bununla birlikte yeni K\u00fcrt parti ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleri de kurulur. Bu d\u00f6nemde kurulan ilk siyasi parti, Mevlanzade R\u0131fat\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkan ve Emin Ali Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n da kurucusu oldu\u011fu Radikal Avam F\u0131rkas\u0131 (22.Ekim 1918)\u2019d\u0131r. Bu partinin kurulu\u015fundan yakla\u015f\u0131k iki ay sonra da Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir \u015femsiye \u00f6rg\u00fct \u015feklinde K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti (KTC) kurulur ve ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en parti de bu cemiyete kat\u0131l\u0131r. KTC b\u00fcnyesinde farkl\u0131 alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmak \u00fczere de\u011fi\u015fik komisyonlar olu\u015fturulur ve K\u00fcrt \u015eerif Pa\u015fa da d\u0131\u015far\u0131da yap\u0131lan diplomatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde cemiyeti temsil etmek \u00fczere g\u00f6revlendirilir.<\/p>\n KTC\u2019nin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131k olarak bir ulusal ama\u00e7 ve program belirtilmese de, y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen siyasal ve diplomatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde \u201cWilson Prensipleri\u201dnin K\u00fcrd meselesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in de uygulanmas\u0131 talebinde bulunulmu\u015f. Bu talep, ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrd temsilcisi \u015eerif Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak Paris Konferans\u0131\u2019na \u015fu ifadelerle sunulmu\u015ftur: \u201cWilson Prensiplerine g\u00f6re K\u00fcrtlerin de \u00f6zg\u00fcr olma ve kendi devletini kurma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u201d Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 O\u011fuz Aytepe\u2019ye g\u00f6re de: \u201cKTC\u2019nin esas amac\u0131;\u00a0 D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yeni durumdan yararlanarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan devleti kurmakt\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n Kurulu\u015fundan iki y\u0131l sonra, bir taraftan KTC \u00fczerindeki siyasi bask\u0131lar artmaya ba\u015flar, di\u011fer taraftan da D\u00fcnyadaki ve b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmelerle ilgili farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeler, y\u00f6netici kadro ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn merkezinin K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan uzak olmas\u0131 nedeniyle gerekli \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve kontrol\u00fcn sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 durumu, \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ran son damla da, Ba\u015fkan Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir\u2019in gazetelerde yay\u0131mlanan \u201cK\u00fcrdistan i\u00e7in muhtariyet talep ediyoruz\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olur. Ba\u015fkan\u2019\u0131n bu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na tepki g\u00f6steren ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 kanat \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131larak, Emin Ali Bedirhan Bey\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u00fcrd Te\u015fkilat\u0131 \u0130\u00e7timaiye ad\u0131yla yeni bir \u00f6rg\u00fct kurarlar. U\u011fur Mumcu\u2019nun aktar\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 grubun i\u00e7erisinde \u201cEmin Ali Bedirhan Bey, Ferit Bedirhan Bey, Babanz\u00e2de \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey, Babanzade Hikmet Bey, Dr. Abdullah Cevdet, Dr. \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Mehmed Bey, Bitlisli Kemal Fevzi, Ekrem Cemil Pa\u015fa, Kerk\u00fckl\u00fc Necmettin H\u00fcseyni, Memduh Selim ve Mevlanzade R\u0131fat\u201d gibi \u015fahsiyetler vard\u0131.<\/p>\n B\u00f6l\u00fcnme, KTC\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne yeni bir alternatif \u00fcretemedi. Tam tersine y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00f6rg\u00fctsel,\u00a0 siyasi ve diplomatik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131na neden oldu. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, kurulan yeni \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle birlikte yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131l devam eder ancak eskisinden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kucaklay\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f. Robert Olson\u2019a g\u00f6re; siyasi ama\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan her iki kanat aras\u0131nda da ger\u00e7ek anlamda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7eli\u015fki ve farkl\u0131l\u0131k yoktu. \u201cSeyyid Abd\u00fclkadir ve Emin Ali Bedirhan aras\u0131ndaki fark; Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir birle\u015fik bir K\u00fcrdistan\u0131 par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f bir K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a tercih ediyordu.\u201d Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Hasan Y\u0131ld\u0131z da Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir\u2019in, cemiyetin kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u201cotonomist\u201d olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n etkisine girdi\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeden \u00f6nce hem \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti hem de Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Heyeti Temsiliye\u2019si KTC faaliyetlerinden ayn\u0131 derecede rahats\u0131zd\u0131. D\u00fczenlenen Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nden hemen sonra, Temmuz 1920\u2019nin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru cemiyetin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve baz\u0131 \u015fubeleri de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten \u00f6nce kapat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki etkinli\u011finin artmas\u0131 ve saha kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanmas\u0131, KTC\u2019nin \u0130stanbul merkezli faaliyetlerini K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131ma zorunlulu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fkan Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir de bunu kabul edip onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la Erzurum\u2019da Cibranl\u0131 Halit Bey\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda illegal olarak \u201cK\u00fcrdistan Komitesi\u201d kurulmu\u015f ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Kemalist hareketin Erzurum ve Sivas\u2019taki kongrelerle daha net bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan siyasi ama\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, K\u00fcrtlerde de ulusal birlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015f ve farkl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla bir cephe \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesi \u015feklinde 1922\u2019lerin sonunda \u201cK\u00fcrdistan \u0130stiklal Komitesi\u201d ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla \u201cK\u00fcrdistan \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Komitesi\u201d kurulur. Sahada \u00f6rg\u00fctleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flar. Elbette ki bu s\u00fcrecin geli\u015fmesini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelemek gerekir ancak bu ayr\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ele al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le ilgili kafalardaki en \u00f6nemli sorulardan biri de, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel devaml\u0131l\u0131k ve b\u00fct\u00fcnsellikle ilgilidir. Bu da KTC ve K\u00fcrdistan \u0130stiklal Komitesi\u2019nin \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ili\u015fkilerini g\u00fcndeme getiriyor. Bu konuyla ilgili farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler olmakla birlikte, KTC ve K\u00fcrdistan \u0130stiklal Komitesi\u2019nin ili\u015fkilerine dair Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki \u0130ngiliz Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131na \u00e7ok gizli ibaresiyle 11 Kas\u0131m 1924 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen \u201cFO 371\/10121\u201d numaral\u0131 raporda; \u201cK\u00fcrdistan \u0130stiklal Komitesi\u2019nin, 1918-1919 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan KTC\u2019nin devam\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bask\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle kararg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131.\u201d belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir, 1925 K\u00fcrd ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla ili\u015fkili olarak 12 Nisan 1925 tarihinde o\u011flu Seyyid Muhammed, Palolu Sadi ve Ho\u015fnav a\u015fireti reisi Nafiz ile birlikte \u0130stanbul\u2019da yakalanarak mahkeme edilmek \u00fczere Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a getirililer. Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stermelik mahkemesi 14 May\u0131s 1925\u2019te ba\u015flar ve 25 May\u0131s\u2019ta \u015eark \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi\u2019nin verdi\u011fi idam karar\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. KTC ba\u015fkan\u0131 Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir, o\u011flu Seyyid Muhammed, Palolu Abdullah Sadi, Bitlisli Kemal Fevzi, Haci Ahti mahlas isimli Mehmed Tevfik ve Hoca Askeri Efendi 27 May\u0131s 1925\u2019te bir \u015fafak vakti Diyarbekir\u2019de idam edilir.<\/p>\n Bu idam\u0131n en \u00e7irkin ve korkun\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fc, daha sonra Seyyid R\u0131za\u2019n\u0131n idam\u0131nda da oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00f6nce o\u011flu babas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde idam edilir ve sonra da babas\u0131 idam edilir. Ba\u015fkan Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir Ubeydullah Nehri dara\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne gitti\u011finde d\u00f6nemin muktedirlerine ve siyasi iktidar temsilcilerine \u015f\u00f6yle seslenir:\u00a0\u201cZaten sizler yakma ve harap etme konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015f\u00f6hrete sahipsiniz. Buray\u0131 da Kerbela\u2019ya \u00e7evirdiniz. \u015eunu biliniz ki deh\u015fet ve insafs\u0131zca bask\u0131 ile \u015fan ve \u015feref kazan\u0131lmaz.\u201d<\/em> s\u00f6zlerinden sonra seher y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 gibi K\u00fcrdistan semalar\u0131ndan kayarak sonsuzlu\u011fa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ruhu \u015fad olsun.- kovara<\/p>\n Se\u00eed Veroj-kovarabir.com<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Seyyid Abd\u00fclkadir, me\u015fhur Nak\u015fi \u015eeyhlerinden \u015eeyh Ubeydullah\u2019\u0131n o\u011fludur. Hakkari\u2019de 1851 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011far. 1879-80 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u015eeyh Ubeydullah Nehri\u2019nin liderli\u011finde ba\u015flayan K\u00fcrt hareketinde, o\u011flu Ubeydullah 28 ya\u015flar\u0131nda ve hareketin askeri \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hiyerar\u015fisinde babas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f kolu konumundad\u0131r. Hareketin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra \u015eeyh Ubeydullah, aile fertleriyle beraber 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hicaz\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131ndan sonra 1890\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":22826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[1616],"class_list":["post-22825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22825"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22825\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}