{"id":22639,"date":"2023-05-10T07:00:29","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T04:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22639"},"modified":"2023-04-08T17:54:55","modified_gmt":"2023-04-08T14:54:55","slug":"kurtler-din-2-islami-donem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22639","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcrtler-Din (2.\u0130slami D\u00f6nem)"},"content":{"rendered":"

2. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee D\u00f6nem.<\/b>\u00a0Bilinen ilk m\u00fcsl\u00fcman K\u00fcrt, Eb\u00fb Meym\u00fbn C\u00e2b\u00e2n el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee adl\u0131 sah\u00e2b\u00ee olup (

Merv\u00e2n\u00eeler h\u00e2nedan\u0131 d\u00f6nemine (983-1085) gelindi\u011finde K\u00fcrtler\u2019in mezheb\u00ee kimli\u011fi konusunda daha kesin tan\u0131mlamalar yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmektedir. S\u00fcnn\u00ee bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan Eb\u00fb \u015e\u00fcc\u00e2\u2018 Abdullah H\u00fcseyin B\u00e2d (B\u00e2z) b. D\u00fbstek, \u015ei\u00ee B\u00fcveyh\u00eeler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 isyan ederek Meyy\u00e2f\u00e2rik\u012bn (Silvan) merkez olmak \u00fczere Diyarbekir ve \u00e7evresinde Merv\u00e2n\u00eeler Devleti\u2019ni kurdu. Merv\u00e2n\u00eeler ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Hanbel\u00ee mezhebine mensuptular, ancak Nasr\u00fcddevle Ahmed devrinde (1011-1061) onlar aras\u0131nda \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee mezhebi yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131 (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer,\u00a0el-K\u00e2mil<\/span>, VII, 438). D\u00f6nemin en me\u015fhur ilim merkezlerinden olan Meyy\u00e2f\u00e2rik\u012bn\u2019de kad\u0131l\u0131k yapan Eb\u00fb Abdullah Muhammed b. Bey\u00e2n el-K\u00e2zer\u00fbn\u00ee (\u00f6. 455\/1063) ve ard\u0131ndan talebeleri \u015e\u00e2fi\u00eeli\u011fin b\u00f6lgede yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Bu mezhebin b\u00f6lgede k\u00f6kle\u015fmesinde Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta bulunan Niz\u00e2miye Medresesi\u2019nin ilk m\u00fcderrisi olan \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee fakihi Eb\u00fb \u0130shak e\u015f-\u015e\u00eer\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin (\u00f6. 476\/1083) yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00f6nemli etkisi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Nitekim bu d\u00f6nemde Niz\u00e2miye medreselerinden biri de Merv\u00e2n\u00eeler\u2019in h\u00e2kimiyetindeki Cizre\u2019de kurulmu\u015ftu (Eb\u00fb \u015e\u00e2me, I, 98). Merv\u00e2n\u00eeler d\u00f6neminde b\u00f6lgede az say\u0131da da olsa M\u00e2lik\u00eeler\u2019in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmekte, son d\u00f6nemlerinde baz\u0131 Hanef\u00ee fukahas\u0131na da rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u015eehrizor, D\u00eenever, Hemedan, Nih\u00e2vend ve Ahvaz y\u00f6relerini kapsayan b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtler\u2019in kurdu\u011fu Hasanveyh\u00eeler Emirli\u011fi\u2019nin (959-1015) ba\u015f\u015fehri D\u00eenever\u2019de \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee \u00e2limi \u0130bn Kec ed-D\u00eenever\u00ee (\u00f6. 405\/1015) kad\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131 (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer,\u00a0el-K\u00e2mil<\/span>, VII, 338; Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Fid\u00e2 \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, XI, 335, 409). G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan bu co\u011frafya h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee kimli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcnn\u00ee d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden \u015ei\u00ee-\u0130sm\u00e2il\u00ee yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Niz\u00e2miye medreselerinin bu fonksiyonunu Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler de s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u015ei\u00ee-F\u00e2t\u0131m\u00ee Devleti\u2019ne son verdikten sonra h\u00e2kim olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde S\u00fcnn\u00ee, \u00f6zellikle de E\u015f\u2018ar\u00ee-\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini yerle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler bu ama\u00e7la bir\u00e7ok medrese a\u00e7t\u0131. Yine bu d\u00f6nemde Erbil, D\u00fcneysir (K\u0131z\u0131ltepe), Mardin ve Harran gibi yeni ilim merkezlerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (\u015e\u00e2kir Mustafa, II, 801) da K\u00fcrtler\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ilm\u00ee faaliyetlerin artmas\u0131na ve S\u00fcnn\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin peki\u015fmesine vesile oldu.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131lar devrinde K\u00fcrtler\u2019in yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyada \u00f6nemli mezhep hareketlerinin cereyan etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta S\u00fcnn\u00ee olan \u015eeyh Safiyy\u00fcddin taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Erdebil Tekkesi \u015eeyh C\u00fcneyd d\u00f6neminde \u015ei\u00eele\u015fme temay\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00f6sterdi. \u015eah \u0130sm\u00e2il zaman\u0131nda Safev\u00eeler Devleti kuruldu (1501). G\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yay\u0131lmac\u0131 mezhep politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrt diyar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eden \u015eah \u0130sm\u00e2il, aralar\u0131nda k\u0131z karde\u015finin kocas\u0131 Melik Hal\u00eel Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019nin de bulundu\u011fu K\u00fcrt beylerinin hemen hemen tamam\u0131n\u0131 hapsetti, S\u00fcnn\u00ee ulem\u00e2 ve halktan bir\u00e7o\u011funu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc (M. Em\u00een Zek\u00ee, s. 174). \u0130dr\u00ees-i Bitlis\u00ee\u2019nin \u00e7abas\u0131yla K\u00fcrt beylerinin de destek verdi\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun \u015eah \u0130sm\u00e2il\u2019i yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in de bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 te\u015fkil etti. Osmanl\u0131lar\u2019la aralar\u0131ndaki mezhep birli\u011fi sayesinde yay\u0131lmac\u0131 \u015ei\u00eelik\u2019ten korunan K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda S\u00fcnn\u00eelik g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar en yayg\u0131n inan\u00e7 sistemi olarak kald\u0131. \u015eeref Han (\u00f6. 1012\/1603-1604) o d\u00f6nemde K\u00fcrtler\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun S\u00fcnn\u00ee ve \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee oldu\u011funu kaydeder (\u015eerefn\u00e2me<\/span>, I, 59). Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin merkez b\u00f6lgelerinde yayg\u0131n olan Hanef\u00eelik de sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkler\u2019e kom\u015fu olan K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de K\u00fcrtler\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n bat\u0131 kesimlerinde Hanef\u00eelik \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m inanc\u0131n\u0131n ve S\u00fcnn\u00eeli\u011fin korunmas\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131y\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz K\u00fcrt medreselerinde yeti\u015fen, mele\/molla ve seyda diye an\u0131lan \u00e2limler ve hocalar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu medreselerin Niz\u00e2miye medreseleri gelene\u011fine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. K\u00fcrtler\u2019in yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu\u2019sunda da yer alan bu medreselerin en me\u015fhurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Nur\u015fin, Tillo, Arvas, Ohin, Aktepe, Cizre, H\u0131n\u0131s ve Zokayd medreseleri say\u0131labilir. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015fu da olduk\u00e7a erken tarihlidir. Nitekim Van\u2019\u0131n Bah\u00e7esaray kazas\u0131nda bulunan Arvas Medresesi\u2019nin 740 (1399) y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z eden bir belge bulunmaktad\u0131r (Arvas, I, 214, 232). K\u00fcrt medreselerinin verdi\u011fi ic\u00e2zetn\u00e2meler, Osmanl\u0131 ic\u00e2zet sisteminden farkl\u0131 bir yap\u0131da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019da dahi resmen kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Bu ic\u00e2zetn\u00e2melerin \u0130stanbul M\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcnyesinde bulunan Me\u015fihat Ar\u015fivi ve \u015eer\u2018iyye Sicilleri Ar\u015fivi\u2019nde bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rne\u011fine rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu medreselerden ic\u00e2zet alan bir kimse resm\u00ee kurumlarda g\u00f6rev almak istedi\u011finde bir komisyon taraf\u0131ndan imtihana t\u00e2bi tutulur ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funda atamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Cumhuriyet\u2019in il\u00e2n\u0131ndan sonra Tevh\u00eed-i Tedr\u00eesat Kanunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde medreseler kapat\u0131l\u0131rken resm\u00ee h\u00fcviyetleri olmayan K\u00fcrt medreseleri bu karardan do\u011frudan etkilenmediyse de faaliyetleri illegal kapsamda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc, bununla birlikte zor \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda da olsa b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle faaliyetlerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam ettirdiler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise Diyarbak\u0131r Suffa, Tillo M\u00fcc\u00e2hidiye ve Nur\u015fin medreseleri gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6\u011frenci bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bu e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 faaliyetlerini Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 resm\u00ee Kur\u2019an Kursu olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck ekseriyetinin sayg\u0131 duydu\u011fu ve genellikle tasavvuf\u00ee \u00e7evrelerle de irtibat\u0131 olan medreselerin etkisi modernle\u015fme s\u00fcreciyle birlikte azalsa da medreselerin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan hocalar din\u00ee, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyas\u00ee alanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sosyal hayatta da evlilik, bo\u015fanma, miras ve arazi taksimi ile kan davalar\u0131 gibi anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n giderilmesinde \u00f6nemli roller \u00fcstlenmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan m\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131 bir arada tutan en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda tasavvuf ve onlar\u0131n kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f hali olan tarikatlar gelmektedir. Nitekim S\u00fcnn\u00ee K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda tasavvuf\u00ee hareketlerin yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde etkin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. M\u00e2cid el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee, C\u00e2k\u00eer el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee, M\u00fcm\u015f\u00e2d b. Ali ed-D\u00eenever\u00ee ve B\u00e2yez\u00eed-i Bist\u00e2m\u00ee\u2019nin \u015feyhi Ali el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee olu\u015fum a\u015famas\u0131ndan itibaren tarikat silsilelerinde yer alan erken d\u00f6nem K\u00fcrt mutasavv\u0131flardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r (H\u00e2ce Abdullah-\u0131 Herev\u00ee,\u00a0\u1e6caba\u1e33\u0101t\u00fc\u2019\u1e63-\u1e63\u00fbfiyye<\/span>, s. 87-88, 209-210). \u0130lk ve en yayg\u0131n tarikat olarak kabul edilen K\u0101dir\u00eeli\u011fin p\u00eeri Abd\u00fclk\u0101dir-i Geyl\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin tarikat silsilesinde yer alan \u015eeyh Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan Ali b. Ahmed b. Y\u00fbsuf el-Kure\u015f\u00ee el-Hekk\u00e2r\u00ee (\u00f6. 486\/1093), Vef\u00e2iyye tarikat\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu \u015eeyh Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Vef\u00e2 el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee, K\u00fcbreviyye ve Nurbah\u015fiyye tarikat silsilelerinin \u00f6nemli p\u00eerlerinden Ziy\u00e2eddin Amm\u00e2r b. Muhammed el-Bitlis\u00ee, \u0130dr\u00ees-i Bitlis\u00ee\u2019nin babas\u0131 H\u00fcs\u00e2medd\u00een-i Bitlis\u00ee, \u0130br\u00e2him Z\u00e2hid-i Geyl\u00e2n\u00ee ve Osmanl\u0131 medreselerinin kurucular\u0131ndan T\u00e2ceddin el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee de \u00f6nde gelen K\u00fcrt mutasavv\u0131flar aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlar. \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihinde kendisinden s\u00f6z ettiren bir\u00e7ok tarikat\u0131n K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda da m\u00fcntesipleri bulunmakla birlikte (Tevekk\u00fcl\u00ee, s. 18) Nak\u015fibendiyye ve K\u0101diriyye en yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2 H\u00e2lid el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee\u2019nin (\u00f6. 1242\/1827) etkisiyle Nak\u015fibend\u00eelik K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda h\u00e2kim tarikat haline geldi. K\u00fcrt medreselerinin neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n Nak\u015fibend\u00eelik aidiyeti bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n, bu tarikat\u0131n K\u00fcrtler\u2019in din\u00ee kimlikleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini artt\u0131ran bir unsur oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Nak\u015fibendiyye\u2019nin H\u00e2lidiyye kolunun kurucusu H\u00e2lid el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan halifesi Osman Sir\u00e2cedd\u00een-i Tav\u00eel\u00ee (Tev\u00eele\u00ee), Seyyid T\u00e2h\u00e2-y\u0131 Hekk\u00e2r\u00ee, H\u00e2lid-i Cezer\u00ee gibi K\u00fcrt-H\u00e2lid\u00ee \u015feyhleri ve aileleri taraf\u0131ndan yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan H\u00e2lid\u00eelik, Nur\u015fin merkez olmak \u00fczere K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131na h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu gibi hil\u00e2fet merkezi \u0130stanbul dahil b\u00fct\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131nda da etkili oldu (bk.\u00a0H\u00c2L\u0130D\u0130YYE).<\/p>\n

\u0130lhan Baran-islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kurtler<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u0130BL\u0130YOGRAFYA<\/span><\/p>\n

Taber\u00ee,\u00a0T\u00e2r\u00ee\u1e2b<\/span>, Beyrut 2008, III, 169, 555-561; V, 165.<\/p>\n

Ali b. H\u00fcseyin el-Mes\u2018\u00fbd\u00ee,\u00a0M\u00fcr\u00fbc\u00fc\u2019\u1e95-\u1e95eheb<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. Sa\u00eed Muhammed el-Lahh\u00e2m), Beyrut 1997, III, 115.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2ce Abdullah-\u0131 Herev\u00ee,\u00a0\u1e6caba\u1e33\u0101t\u00fc\u2019\u1e63-\u1e63\u00fbfiyye<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. Abd\u00fclhay Hab\u00eeb\u00ee), K\u00e2bil 1341 h\u015f.\/1962, s. 87-88, 209-210, ayr\u0131ca bk. \u0130ndeks.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn Eb\u00fb Ya\u2018l\u00e2,\u00a0\u1e6caba\u1e33\u0101t\u00fc\u2019l-\u1e24an\u00e2bile<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. Abdurrahman b. S\u00fcleyman el-Useym\u00een), Riyad 1419\/1999, III, 354, 361, 384, 433-434.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Ezrak el-F\u00e2rik\u012b,\u00a0T\u00e2r\u00ee\u1e2bu\u2019l-F\u00e2ri\u1e33\u012b<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. Bedev\u00ee Abd\u00fcllat\u00eef Av\u00e2d), Kahire 1959, s. 116, 127, 146.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn C\u00fcbeyr,\u00a0er-Ri\u1e25le<\/span>, Beyrut, ts. (D\u00e2ru S\u00e2d\u0131r), s. 255.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer,\u00a0el-K\u00e2mil<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Fid\u00e2 Abdullah el-K\u0101d\u00ee), Beyrut 1987, III, 322-323; VII, 338, 415, 438.<\/p>\n

a.mlf.,\u00a0\u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u0121\u0101be<\/span>, Beyrut, ts. (D\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-ilmiyye), I, 301; V, 310, 351.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fb \u015e\u00e2me el-Makdis\u00ee,\u00a0Kit\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019r-Rav\u017cateyn<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. \u0130br\u00e2him ez-Zeybek), Beyrut 1418\/1997, I, 98.<\/p>\n

\u0130zzeddin \u0130bn \u015eedd\u00e2d,\u00a0el-A\u02bfl\u00e2\u1e33u\u2019l-\u1e2ba\u1e6d\u00eere f\u00ee \u1e95ikri \u00fcmer\u00e2\u02bei\u2019\u015f-\u015e\u00e2m ve\u2019l-Cez\u00eere<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. D. Sourdel), D\u0131ma\u015fk 1953, I, 102-122.<\/p>\n

a.mlf.,\u00a0

S\u00fcbk\u00ee,\u00a0\u1e6caba\u1e33\u0101t\u00fc\u2019\u015f-\u015e\u00e2fi\u02bfiyyeti\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. Abd\u00fclfett\u00e2h M. el-Hulv \u2013 Mahm\u00fbd M. et-Tan\u00e2h\u00ee), Kahire 1992, IV, 122; VI, 70-74; VII, 57, 195.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Fid\u00e2 \u0130bn Kes\u00eer,\u00a0el-Bid\u00e2ye ve\u2019n-nih\u00e2ye<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. Ali \u015e\u00eer\u00ee), Beyrut 1998, XI, 335, 409.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn Receb,\u00a0e\u1e95-\u1e94eyl \u02bfal\u00e2 \u1e6caba\u1e33\u0101ti\u2019l-\u1e24an\u00e2bile<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. Abdurrahman b. S\u00fcleyman el-Useym\u00een), Riyad 2005, I, 11-14, 69.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fclakk\u0131n,\u00a0\u1e6caba\u1e33\u0101t\u00fc\u2019l-evliy\u00e2\u02be<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. N\u00fbreddin \u015eer\u00eebe), Kahire 1415\/1994, s. 451-452.<\/p>\n

Makr\u00eez\u00ee,\u00a0el-\u1e2a\u0131\u1e6da\u1e6d<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. Muhammed Zeyn\u00fch\u00fcm \u2013 Mediha e\u015f-\u015eerk\u0101v\u00ee), Kahire 1998, IV, 200-205.<\/p>\n

\u015eeref Han,\u00a0\u015eerefn\u00e2me<\/span>\u00a0(trc. M. Ali Avn\u00ee), D\u0131ma\u015fk 2006, I, 59.<\/p>\n

M. Em\u00een Zek\u00ee,\u00a0\u1e2aul\u00e2\u1e63at\u00fc t\u00e2r\u00ee\u1e2bi\u2019l-K\u00fcrd ve K\u00fcrdist\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0(trc. M. Ali Avn\u00ee), Kahire 1939, s. 174.<\/p>\n

M. Ra\u00fbf Tevekk\u00fcl\u00ee,\u00a0T\u00e2r\u00ee\u1e2b-i Ta\u1e63avvuf der K\u00fcrdist\u00e2n<\/span>, Tahran 1360 h\u015f., s. 18.<\/p>\n

Abd\u00fclker\u00eem b. Muhammed el-M\u00fcderris,\u00a0\u02bfUlem\u00e2\u02be\u00fcn\u00e2 f\u00ee \u1e2bidmeti\u2019l-\u02bfilm ve\u2019d-d\u00een<\/span>\u00a0(n\u015fr. M. Ali Karad\u00e2\u011f\u00ee), Ba\u011fdad 1403\/1983, s. 185-188.<\/p>\n

Abdurrahman Qas\u0131mlo,\u00a0\u0130ran K\u00fcrdistan\u0131<\/span>, \u0130stanbul 1991, s. 11.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00e2kir Mustafa,\u00a0Mevs\u00fb\u02bfat\u00fc d\u00fcveli\u2019l-\u02bf\u00e2lemi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ve ric\u00e2lih\u00e2<\/span>, Beyrut 1993, II, 801.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcfid Y\u00fcksel,\u00a0K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da De\u011fi\u015fim S\u00fcreci<\/span>, \u0130stanbul 1993, s. 50-68.<\/p>\n

a.mlf., \u201cMedreset\u00fc\u2019z-Zehr\u00e2 Projesini Bug\u00fcnden Okumak\u201d,\u00a0Medrese Gelene\u011fi ve Modernle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Medreseler<\/span>\u00a0(ed. Fikret Gedikli), Mu\u015f 2013, II, 189-213.<\/p>\n

Ahmed Akg\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u2013 Said \u00d6zt\u00fcrk,\u00a0700. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Bilinmeyen Osmanl\u0131<\/span>, \u0130stanbul 1999, s. 139 vd.<\/p>\n

B. Abu Manneh, \u201cThe Naqhsbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya and the Khalidiyya in Istanbul in the Early Nineteenth Century\u201d,\u00a0<\/i>Studies on Islam and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th<\/sup>\u00a0Century (1826-1876)<\/span>,\u00a0<\/i>\u0130stanbul 2001, s. 105.<\/p>\n

M. Zek\u00ee Berv\u00e2r\u00ee,\u00a0el-K\u00fcrd ve\u2019d-devlet\u00fc\u2019l-\u02bfOs\u0331m\u00e2niyye<\/span>, D\u0131ma\u015fk 2009, s. 94-97.<\/p>\n

M. Halil \u00c7i\u00e7ek,\u00a0\u015eark Medreselerinin Serenc\u00e2m\u0131<\/span>, \u0130stanbul 2009, t\u00fcr.yer.<\/p>\n

Ter\u00eefe Ahmed Osman Berzenc\u00ee,\u00a0\u0130sh\u00e2m\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-\u02bfulem\u00e2\u02bei\u2019l-Ekr\u00e2d f\u00ee bin\u00e2\u02bei\u2019l-\u1e25a\u1e0d\u00e2reti\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye \u1e2bil\u00e2le\u2019l-\u1e33arneyni\u2019s-s\u00e2bi\u02bf ve\u2019s\u0331-s\u0331\u00e2min el-hicriyeyn<\/span>, Beyrut 2010, s. 95.<\/p>\n

Ahmed Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez Mahm\u00fbd,\u00a0Enm\u00e2\u1e6du s\u00fcl\u00fbkiyyeti\u2019\u015f-\u015fa\u1e2b\u1e63iyyeti\u2019l-K\u00fcrdiyye<\/span>, Erbil 2010, s. 122.<\/p>\n

Adalet \u00c7ak\u0131r,\u00a0Mehmed Rif\u2018at Efendi\u2019nin Nefhat\u00fc\u2019r-riy\u00e2zi\u2019l-\u00e2liye\u2019sinde Abd\u00fclk\u0101dir-i Geyl\u00e2n\u00ee ve K\u0101dir\u00eelik<\/span>, \u0130stanbul 2012, I, 88.<\/p>\n

Nimetullah Arvas, \u201cArvas Medresesi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Entelekt\u00fcel \u00c7evre \u00dczerindeki Etkisi\u201d,\u00a0Medrese ve \u0130lahiyat Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee \u0130limler: Uluslararas\u0131 Sempozyum<\/span>\u00a0(ed. \u0130smail Narin), Bing\u00f6l 2013, I, 213-244.<\/p>\n

\u0130mran \u00c7elik, \u201cGelene\u011fi Olan Medreseler ve Tarih\u00ee K\u00f6kenleri (Tillo ve Nur\u015fin \u00d6rnekleri)\u201d,\u00a0Medrese Gelene\u011fi ve Modernle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Medreseler<\/span>\u00a0(ed. Fikret Gedikli), Mu\u015f 2013, II, 105-125.<\/p>\n

Musa K. Y\u0131lmaz, \u201cK\u00fcrtlerde Din E\u011fitimi ve Medreseler\u201d,\u00a0K\u00fcrtler: Toplum, Din<\/span>\u00a0(ed. Celil Abuzar), \u0130stanbul 2015, II, 111-125.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee D\u00f6nem.\u00a0Bilinen ilk m\u00fcsl\u00fcman K\u00fcrt, Eb\u00fb Meym\u00fbn C\u00e2b\u00e2n el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee adl\u0131 sah\u00e2b\u00ee olup (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer,\u00a0\u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u0121\u0101be, I, 301; V, 310, 351) o\u011flu Meym\u00fbn el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee de \u0130sl\u00e2m kaynaklar\u0131nda hadis r\u00e2visi olarak ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en bir \u015fahsiyettir. K\u00fcrtler\u2019in toplu halde \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019i benimsemesi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin fethedildi\u011fi Hz. \u00d6mer d\u00f6nemine rastlamaktad\u0131r. K\u00fcrtler\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafya ilk H\u00e2ric\u00ee ve \u015ei\u00ee olu\u015fumlarla bu iki f\u0131rkan\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":22630,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[6083,1616,734],"class_list":["post-22639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-tarih","tag-kurt-dini","tag-manset","tag-osmanli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22639"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22639\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}