Ekim Devriminden sonra Sovyetler topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131 etkileyen s\u00fcre\u00e7, bu topraklarda ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrt toplumunu ne derece etkiledi? K\u00fcrt toplumu ne t\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fad\u0131? Sosyalizm fikri ve sosyalist ya\u015fam sosyal, siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan K\u00fcrt toplumunda nas\u0131l bir hareketlili\u011fe yol a\u00e7t\u0131? Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin siyasi y\u00f6nelimleri K\u00fcrtleri hangi a\u00e7\u0131dan etkiledi?<\/p>\n
Sovyet K\u00fcrtleri ile ilgili merak edilen bu ve daha fazla sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131n\u0131,\u00a0\u0130smet Konak<\/strong>\u00a0ge\u00e7en aylarda N\u00fbbihar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131lan kitab\u0131nda vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Kitap, \u201cSosyalist K\u00fcrtler (1917-1937)\u201d \u00fcst ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201cDevrim, \u0130n\u015fa, S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u201d alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130smet Konak, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi gazetecilik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bitirdikten sonra, Lomonosov Moskova Devlet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Rusya tarihi alan\u0131nda y\u00fcksek lisans yapm\u0131\u015f bir isim. Y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131n\u0131 “K\u00fcrtlerin Sovyet Sistemine Entegrasyonu ve Adaptasyonu: 1920\u2019li ve 30\u2019lu Y\u0131llar” adl\u0131 tezle bitirdi. Daha sonra \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc T\u00fcrk Tarihi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde doktoraya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmden \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f D\u00f6neminde (1918-1922) Sovyet Rusya \u0130le \u0130li\u015fkileri\u201d adl\u0131 tezi savunarak mezun oldu.<\/p>\n Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u201cDiplomat P. A. Tolstoy\u2019un El\u00e7ili\u011fi ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya Dair \u0130zlenimleri\u201d, \u201cK\u00fcrt Tarihinde Bir \u00d6zerklik Modeli: K\u0131z\u0131l K\u00fcrdistan\u201d, \u201cMoskova Knezli\u011fi\u2019nin Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa Ge\u00e7i\u015finde T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n Rol\u00fc\u201d, \u201cSovyet K\u00fcrtlerinin 1937-38 S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d, \u201cTarih Yaz\u0131m\u0131nda Alternatif Bir Model: Pokrovskiy Tarih Ekol\u00fc\u201d ve \u201cT\u00fcrkistan ve Dersim: Ulusal Soruna Mukayeseli Bir Bak\u0131\u015f\u201d adl\u0131 makaleleri muhtelif dergilerde yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n Yani Konak, akademik ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 Rusya, Sovyetler, K\u00fcrtler ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. \u201cSosyalist K\u00fcrtler\u201d bu y\u0131llar zarf\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ekseninde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir \u00fcr\u00fcn. Konak son y\u0131llarda giderek daha fazla ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 haline gelen Sovyet K\u00fcrtleri ile ilgili olarak, \u00e7o\u011funlukla Rus\u00e7a kaynaklardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak bu kitab\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n Konak kitab\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle K\u00fcrtlerin Rusya topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015fme ve da\u011f\u0131lma hikayesine yer vererek, \u00f6nemli bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sunuyor. Zira d\u00f6rt par\u00e7a K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtlerin tarihi oldu\u011fu kadar Rusya\u2019da ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtlerin tarihsel geli\u015fimi konusunda da tahrif edici, \u00e7arp\u0131tan yakla\u015f\u0131mlar s\u00f6z konusu.<\/p>\n Oysa Konak, Rus kaynaklar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, K\u00fcrtlerin ne zamandan beri bu topraklar \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, n\u00fcfus ve yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131 izah ediyor.<\/p>\n Buradan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Ekim Devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde K\u00fcrtlerin de o topraklarda ya\u015fayan di\u011fer topluluklar gibi devrimden etkilendi\u011fini, Sosyalist y\u00f6netimin e\u015fitlik politikas\u0131 gere\u011fi K\u00fcrtlerin ulusal, dilsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n \u0130smet Konak bu durumu bir Rus s\u00f6z\u00fcne g\u00f6nderme yaparak anlat\u0131yor: \u201cKurabiye dolu kamyon, K\u00fcrtlerin soka\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015fti. \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n demir \u00f6k\u00e7esi alt\u0131nda ezilen bir halk olarak Ekim Devrimi\u2019ni sevin\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Devrim, her bireyde oldu\u011fu gibi yoksul K\u00fcrt k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc ve i\u015f\u00e7isinin nazar\u0131nda da bir \u00e7are-i halas olmu\u015ftu.\u201d<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemle birlikte ba\u015fta Ermenistan olmak \u00fczere Sovyetler Birli\u011fi topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtler, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e e\u011fitim veren okullara kavu\u015ftu, bu okullarda okutulmak i\u00e7in K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ders kitaplar\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e gazete ve radyo yay\u0131nlar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130smet Konak, geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yer verdi\u011fi bu bilgilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kitapta K\u00fcrtlerin s\u0131n\u0131fsal anlamda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fime de odaklanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Kitap, \u201cdevrim\u201d ve \u201cin\u015fa\u201d s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine oldu\u011fu gibi 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llardan itibaren i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politikalardaki de\u011fi\u015fimin ve az\u0131nl\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik milli politikadaki de\u011fi\u015fime de yer veriyor. \u201cS\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131nan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Stalin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klara ve tabi ki K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik ne t\u00fcr uygulamalarla y\u00f6neldi\u011fini anlat\u0131yor. \u015e\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor kitapta bu durumu \u0130smet Konak:<\/p>\n \u201cBol\u015fevik y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda farkl\u0131 etnik unsurlara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir politika uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u2018korenizatsiya\u2019 yani yerlile\u015ftirme olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu politika ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok etnisite ve Sovyet sistemi aras\u0131nda belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir entegrasyon sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Lakin mevcut politika, 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda kimine g\u00f6re \u2018kerhen\u2019, kimine g\u00f6re ise \u2018taamm\u00fcden\u2019 tersine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin geli\u015fimine daha az \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f ve ulusal kimliklere y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 projeler ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n Bu yeni s\u00fcre\u00e7le birlikte daha \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lan az\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131 kapat\u0131ld\u0131, Latin alfabesiyle yap\u0131lan yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kiril alfabesiyle yap\u0131lma zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi, ayd\u0131n ve \u00f6nc\u00fc isimler s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi, hapis cezalar\u0131na \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0Ereb \u015eamilov, Heciy\u00ea Cind\u00ee, Cerdoy\u00ea Genco, Ahmed\u00ea Miraz\u00ee, C\u00eehang\u00eer Axa<\/strong>\u00a0bunlardan birka\u00e7\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan da toplu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler ba\u015flad\u0131 ve K\u00fcrt toplumu toplu bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin yeni kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti y\u00f6netimi ile ili\u015fkilerini de belgeleriyle anlatan kitapta, Sovyet Sosyalist y\u00f6netiminin, kurulmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi Sovyet (K\u0131z\u0131l) K\u00fcrdistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni nas\u0131l tasfiye etti\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bundaki rol\u00fcne de de\u011finiyor.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de varl\u0131klar\u0131 kabul edilmeyen K\u00fcrtlerin, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin o tarihlerde Sovyetlerin sosyalist y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda olumsuzluklara ra\u011fmen \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler kaydetti\u011fini, Sovyet K\u00fcrtlerinin yaz\u0131n, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat d\u00fcnyas\u0131na bakarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bu kaynaklar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde giderek daha fazla ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve oda\u011fa oturuyor.<\/p>\n Ferid Demirel-bianet.org<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ekim Devriminden sonra Sovyetler topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131 etkileyen s\u00fcre\u00e7, bu topraklarda ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrt toplumunu ne derece etkiledi? K\u00fcrt toplumu ne t\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fad\u0131? Sosyalizm fikri ve sosyalist ya\u015fam sosyal, siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan K\u00fcrt toplumunda nas\u0131l bir hareketlili\u011fe yol a\u00e7t\u0131? Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin siyasi y\u00f6nelimleri K\u00fcrtleri hangi a\u00e7\u0131dan etkiledi? Sovyet K\u00fcrtleri ile ilgili merak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":22563,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[117,1616,465],"class_list":["post-22562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-kurtler","tag-manset","tag-sosyalist"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22562"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22562\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}