{"id":22367,"date":"2022-10-31T11:15:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-31T08:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22367"},"modified":"2022-10-31T11:15:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-31T08:15:00","slug":"20-yuzyilin-ilk-ceyreginde-kurd-dili-uzerine-calismalar-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22367","title":{"rendered":"20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u0130lk \u00c7eyre\u011finde K\u00fcrd Dili \u00dczerine \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar-3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u015eark\u201d ve K\u00fcrd \u00e2limleri, m\u00fcnevverleri, dilbilimcileri\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrd dili \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n 1900\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar K\u00fcrd diline dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bahsetmi\u015ftik. Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n haricinde bir de K\u00fcrd ve \u015eark alimleri, m\u00fcnevverleri, edip ve dilbilimcilerinin K\u00fcrd\u00e7eye dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar vard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda El\u00eey\u00ea Termax\u00ee\u2019nin 1591-1592\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan dilbilgisi kurallar\u0131 gelir. K\u00fcrd\u00e7e olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cK\u00fcrd\u00e7e ve Fars\u00e7a Numunelerle Arap Dilinin D\u00fcsturu\u201d adl\u0131 eseri bu alanda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ilklerinden say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bundan ba\u015fka, Kadiri tarikat\u0131n\u0131n \u015fefi \u015e\u00eax Marif Nodey\u00ee Berzenc\u00ee\u2019nin (1752-1838) \u201cEhmed\u00eeye\u201d ad\u0131yla 1795\u2019te K\u00fcrd\u00e7e-Arap\u00e7a ve 1500 kelime civar\u0131nda olan bir \u201cl\u00fbgat\u00e7e\u201d haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f.\u00a0(Joyce Blau, K\u00fcrd\u00e7e Dilbilim ve S\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Studia Kurdica, Say\u0131: 1-3, Y\u0131l: 2, Paris-France, Nisan 1985, s. 62)<\/em>\u00a0Mele Mehm\u00fbd\u00ea Bazid\u00ee, Hicri takvimine g\u00f6re 1274 (1857-1858)\u2019de ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en esere bir \u00f6ns\u00f6z yaz\u0131p elyazmas\u0131 olarak o zaman Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Erzurum Konsolosu olan Alexandre Jaba\u2019ya teslim etmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Mar\u00fbf Xeznedar da Sovyet Bilimler Akademisi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015earkbilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda C1958 numarayla kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan bu kitab\u0131n bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015f ve 1971\u2019de Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta \u201cDest\u00fbra Ziman\u00ea Ereb\u00ee Bi Kurd\u00ee: El\u00eey\u00ea Termax\u00ee\u201d ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f.\u00a0(Mamoste Qedr\u00ee, Kovara B\u00eer, Hejmar: 1, Bihara 2005, s. 192, 193, Bak. Mc. Carus-Minorsky, K\u00fcrtlerin Men\u015fei ve D\u00fcrt Dili \u0130ncelemeleri, S\u00f6nmez Ne\u015friyat, \u0130stanbul, 1963, s. 54)<\/em><\/p>\n

El\u00eey\u00ea Termax\u00ee\u2019den sonra, K\u00fcrd diline dair ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 leh\u00e7elere ait kelimeleri i\u00e7eren Evliya \u00c7elbi\u2019nin Seyhatname\u2019sindeki \u201cK\u00fcrd\u00e7e L\u00fbgat\u00e7e\u201d, yakla\u015f\u0131k doksan kelime kaydetmekle beraber tarihselli\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcyle bu alandaki \u00f6nemli kaynaklardan biri olarak kabul edilir. Mesleki olarak aslen bir vakan\u00fcvis ve sava\u015f muhabiri olan \u201cEvliya \u00c7elebi, muhtemelen b\u00f6yle bir K\u00fcrt\u00e7e l\u00fcgat\u00e7e haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f ilk ki\u015fiydi.\u201d\u00a0(Mart\u00een Bruinessen, Stud\u0131a Kurd\u0131ca, Onyedinci Y\u00fczy\u0131lda K\u00fcrtler ve Dilleri: K\u00fcrt Leh\u00e7eleri \u00dczerine Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019nin Notlar\u0131, Studia Kurdica, Say\u0131: 1-3, Paris\/Franca, N\u00eesana 1985, s. 22)\u00a0<\/em>Ondan sonra, \u201c\u0130smail Baz\u00eed\u00ee (1654-1709)\u2019nin Gulzar adl\u0131 Kurmanci-Arap\u00e7a-Fars\u00e7a l\u00fcgat\u00e7esi\u201d\u00a0(Mc. Carus-Minorsky, a.g.e., s. 54)<\/em>\u00a0da bu alandaki ilkler aras\u0131nda hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde bir K\u00fcrd taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrd dili alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri de Mele Mehm\u00fbd\u00ea Baz\u00eed\u00ee\u2019nin T\u00fbhafetu\u2019l Xullan F\u00ee Ziman\u00ea Kurdan (K\u00fcrd Diline Dair Dostlar\u0131n Hediyesidir) ad\u0131yla Kurmanc\u00ee leh\u00e7esiyle haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kitapt\u0131r. Elyazmas\u0131 Alexandre Jaba\u2019n\u0131n koleksiyonunda olan bu kitap \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur: Kavaid, s\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7e ve diyaloglar.\u00a0(M\u00eeka\u00eel Bilbil & Mistefa Oztirk, R\u00eazimana Mela Mehm\u00eed\u00ea Baz\u00eed\u00eey\u00ee T\u00fbhafetu\u2019l X\u00eelan F\u00ee Ziman\u00ea Kurdan (Nirixandin-Metin-Faks\u00eem\u00eele), Weqfa Mezopotamyay\u00ea, Stenbol, 2019, s. 1-2)<\/em><\/p>\n

Mele Mehm\u00fbd\u2019un kendisi Alexsandre Jaba\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcrd\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretmeni ve ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en kitab\u0131 \u00fczerinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tarih olmamakla birlikte, ili\u015fkiler ve olaylar kronolojisini g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurdu\u011fumuzda bu kitab\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle 1860\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu eserin yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemdeki yeni bir bask\u0131s\u0131 da Dr. H\u00eamin Omar taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve Soran \u00dcniversitesi yay\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 2019\u2019da Hewl\u00ear\u2019de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Mela Mehm\u00fbd\u00ea Bayez\u00eed\u00ee, T\u00fbhafetu\u2019l Xullan F\u00ee Ziman\u00ea Kurdan, Saxkirdinewe \u00fb L\u00eakol\u00eenewe: H\u00eamin Omar,\u00a0\u00a0\u00c7apa Yekem, Soran \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00c7apxana H\u00eav\u00ee, Hewl\u00ear, 2019)<\/em><\/p>\n

Bundan sora \u0130ran K\u00fcrdistan\u0131\u2019nda \u201cNasrullah Kurdistan\u00ee\u2019nin 1278 (1870) y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cFerhenga Kurdistan\u00ee\u201d (K\u00fcrdistan\u00ee S\u00f6zl\u00fck) (El\u00ee Ekber Kurdistan\u00ee, Ferhenga Kurdistan\u00ee, N\u00fbbihar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2010, \u0130stanbul, s. 4) adl\u0131 eser geliyor. Yine \u0130ran K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131nda, yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu y\u0131lara denk gelen ba\u015fka bir eserden de Mehmet Mihri Hilav s\u00f6z ediyor ancak s\u00f6zkonusu eserin herhangi bir kayd\u0131na ula\u015famad\u0131m. \u201c\u0130ran Maliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Hac\u0131 Fahr\u00fb\u2019l Memal\u00eek taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrd dilinin kaideleri ve dilbilgisine dair m\u00fckemmel bir kitap yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitap do\u011fumumdan (1885) otuz sene evvel tab edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da tek bir n\u00fcshas\u0131na bile tesad\u00fcf edemedim.\u201d\u00a0(M. M., Esas: K\u00fcrt\u00e7e sarf ve nahiv, Kurdistan, Say\u0131: 4, Necm-i \u0130stikbal Matbaas\u0131, 10 Mart 1335, s. 42)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ahmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee\u2019nin 1682-1683 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cN\u00fbbihara Bi\u00e7\u00fbkan\u201d (\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n Turfandas\u0131), yeni okumaya ba\u015flayan \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in manzum \u015feklinde K\u00fcrt\u00e7e-Arap\u00e7a olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir l\u00fcgat. Bu l\u00fcgat, zamanla b\u00f6lgedeki t\u00fcm medreselerde Arap\u00e7a eserlerin okunmas\u0131na ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, okunmas\u0131 zorunlu olan temel bir eser olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Mele Mistefa\u2019n\u0131n Rah\u00eanan\u00ean Ziman\u00ea Kurd\u00ee, kurmanciyi \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in Arap alfabesiyle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve toplam 104 sayfadan ibaret olup 1860\u2019ta bir n\u00fcshas\u0131 istinsah edilerek A. Jaba\u2019ya sunulmu\u015ftur. (Mele Mistefay\u00ee, Rah\u00eanan\u00ean Ziman\u00ea Kurd\u00ee\u00a0(Nirixandin-Lat\u00een\u00eezekirin-Faks\u00eem\u00eele), Amadekar: M\u00eeka\u00eel B\u00fclb\u00fcl, Mustafa \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, We\u015fan\u00ean Weqfa Mezopotamya 8, \u0130stanbul, 2021, s. 2)<\/em><\/p>\n

1900\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar K\u00fcrd alimleri taraf\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan ba\u015fka, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131s\u0131nda, Mutki Kaymak\u00e2m\u0131 olan Kud\u00fcsl\u00fc ve aslen Arap olan Yusuf Ziy\u00e2\u00fcddin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 1310\u2019de (1894\u2019te) yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olan “El-Hediyyetu\u2019l-Ham\u00eediyye Fi\u2019l-Lugati\u2019l-Kurdiyye” (Yusuf Ziya\u00fcddin Pa\u015fa el-Halid\u00ee el-Mukaddes\u00ee; El-Hediyyet\u00fc’l-Muhammediyye fi’l-lugati’l-K\u00fcrdiyye, (Maarfi Nezaret-i Celilesi\u2019nin ruhsat\u0131yla tabh olmu\u015ftur)<\/em>\u00a0Dersaadet (\u0130stanbul), 1310) adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri vard\u0131r. \u0130ngilizce, Frans\u0131zca, Arap\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve K\u00fcrd\u00e7e bilen Yusuf Ziy\u00e2\u00fcddin Pa\u015fa, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde siyasi ve idari g\u00f6revlerde bulunmu\u015f, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l (1877-1878) da mebusluk yapm\u0131\u015f, bilime ve edebiyata ilgi duyan d\u00f6nemin bilinen az say\u0131daki ayd\u0131n ki\u015filerden biridir. 1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaymakam olarak tayin edildi\u011fi Bitlis\u2019in Mutki il\u00e7esinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f, burada K\u00fcrd\u00e7e \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve s\u00f6zkonusu lugat\u0131n\u0131 da bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde y\u00f6redeki alim ve uleman\u0131n deste\u011fiyle haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eser ilk bask\u0131dan sonra, 1978\u2019de Mehmed Emin Bozarslan taraf\u0131ndan Arap\u00e7adan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilerek \u201cK\u00fcrd\u00e7e-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck\u201d ad\u0131yla \u00c7\u0131ra Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yeni bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. K\u00fcrd diline dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 elinizdeki bu eserin ana konusu olan Mehmed Mihri Hilav\u2019\u0131n, 1919-1920\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Kurdistan dergisinin farkl\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131nda, Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n “El-Hediyyetu\u2019l-Ham\u00eediyye Fi\u2019l-Lugati\u2019l-Kurdiyye” kitab\u0131yla ilgili olduk\u00e7a ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirmesi vard\u0131r ve gelecek yaz\u0131da daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bu eserden bahsedece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde ve \u00f6zellikle de Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019\u0131ndan sonra, gerek Bat\u0131l\u0131 yabanc\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve gerekse de \u015earkl\u0131 ve K\u00fcrd ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrdler ve K\u00fcrd dili \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan genel ve spesifik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar olduk\u00e7a artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemden sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve incelemeler, \u00f6zellikle Martin Hartmann, Oskar Mann, Karl Hadank gibi \u00f6nl\u00fc \u015earkiyat\u00e7\u0131lar ve arkeolog Albert Von Le Coq\u2019dan sonra, M. E. B. Soane, C. J. Edmonds, Vladimir Minorski (1877-1966), Bazil Nikitin (1885-1960) ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 de\u011ferli bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fcyle K\u00fcrdler \u00fczerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, onlar\u0131 modern K\u00fcrdolojinin \u00f6nc\u00fcleri konumuna getirdi\u011fi genel bir kabuld\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Burada modern K\u00fcrdoloji d\u00f6nemi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan zaman diliminde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f K\u00fcrd dili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na de\u011finmeyece\u011fim, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yaz\u0131 dizisinin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem, esas olarak 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fi veya Osmanl\u0131 son d\u00f6nemi, 1900-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 yani Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015funa kadar olan d\u00f6nemi kapsamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde K\u00fcrd yazar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6nemin s\u00fcreli veya s\u00fcresiz K\u00fcrd yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan bahsedece\u011fim.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Se\u00eed Veroj-Rudaw<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u015eark\u201d ve K\u00fcrd \u00e2limleri, m\u00fcnevverleri, dilbilimcileri\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrd dili \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n 1900\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar K\u00fcrd diline dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bahsetmi\u015ftik. Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n haricinde bir de K\u00fcrd ve \u015eark alimleri, m\u00fcnevverleri, edip ve dilbilimcilerinin K\u00fcrd\u00e7eye dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar vard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda El\u00eey\u00ea Termax\u00ee\u2019nin 1591-1592\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan dilbilgisi kurallar\u0131 gelir. K\u00fcrd\u00e7e olarak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":22362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[141,1616,140,559,244],"class_list":["post-22367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-forum","tag-kurtce","tag-manset","tag-zaza","tag-zazaca","tag-zazaki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22367"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22367\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}