{"id":22328,"date":"2022-10-15T12:04:08","date_gmt":"2022-10-15T09:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22328"},"modified":"2022-10-15T12:04:08","modified_gmt":"2022-10-15T09:04:08","slug":"osmanli-kurt-iliskisi-ve-idris-i-bidlisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=22328","title":{"rendered":"OSMANLI-K\u00dcRT \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 VE \u0130DR\u0130S-\u0130 B\u0130DL\u0130S\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00fcrt-Osmanl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131, ili\u015fkinin siyasi niteli\u011fi ve bu ili\u015fkinin K\u00fcrtlerin gelece\u011finin belirlenmesinde \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin rol\u00fc konusunda K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015ften beri tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrmektedir. De\u011fi\u015fik kitaplarda farkl\u0131 anlat\u0131mlarla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bu olay, ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f birden fazla akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nem geli\u015fmelerini daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. K\u00fcrt-Osmanl\u0131 ili\u015fkisinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin birinci \u015fahidi ve ba\u015f akt\u00f6r\u00fc olan \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn detaylar\u0131yla d\u00f6nemi anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cSelim \u015eah-Name<\/em>\u201dadl\u0131 eseri, akademisyen Hicabi K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evirisi yap\u0131l\u0131p (500 sf) doktora tezi olarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

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\u0130brahim K\u00fcreken<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ayr\u0131ca, \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019yit\u00fcm eserlerinden ve \u0130ran, Osmanl\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan yararlanarak \u00e7ok geni\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131ran ve bunun \u00fczerinde doktora tezi haz\u0131rlayan Doc. Dr. Vural Gen\u00e7\u2019in \u201cAcem\u2019den Rum\u2019a \u0130drisi Bidlisi\u2019nin Hayat\u0131, Tarih\u00e7ili\u011fi ve He\u015ft Behi\u015ft\u2019in II. Beyaz\u0131d K\u0131sm\u0131\u201d<\/em>(984 sf)de\u011ferli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve yine o d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli bir ayd\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fahidi olan \u015e\u00fckri Bidlisi\u2019nin \u201cSelimname<\/em>\u201dsi (400sf), bizlere daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bilgileri verece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u2018Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve K\u00fcrtler\u2019( \u0130brahim \u00d6zco\u015far-Shahab Vali, Kitay yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul 2017) kitab\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesi ile bu eserlere de\u011finen akademisyen Nezahat Ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeler (Hicabi K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 yerlerde terc\u00fcme hatas\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir) \u00a0bu tarih diliminin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda zihnimizi a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok tarih kitaplar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 anlat\u0131mlarla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00f6nem olaylar\u0131 belirtilen bu eser ve incelemelerdebirinci tan\u0131klar anlat\u0131m\u0131yla ve daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bilgilerle tan\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m okumalar\u0131ma g\u00f6re \u00f6zet olarak \u015fu farkl\u0131 bilgilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz:<\/p>\n

\u0130dris-i Bidlisi ne bir hain ne de bir K\u00fcrt ulusal lideridir. \u00d6nceleri Akkoyunlu, Safevi ve nihayetinde Osmanl\u0131 saray\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir alim ve b\u00fcrokratt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130dris-i Bidlisi, K\u00fcrtlerin Osmanl\u0131 saflar\u0131na kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Sultan Selim taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n

Bidlisi, bu g\u00f6revi yerine getirirken k\u0131sa bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in de olsa, K\u00fcrtlerin tarihte \u00e7ok rastlanmayan birli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda ve ellerinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan beylik stat\u00fclerinin geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtler, Osmanl\u0131 devletini b\u00f6lgeye davet etmemi\u015ftir. Bu iddia Safeviler taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da zaman\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131 bunu teyit etmezler. Zaten Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrtleri kurtarmak i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgeye geldikleri do\u011fru ve mant\u0131kl\u0131 durmuyor. Osmanl\u0131lar, kendi egemenlik b\u00f6lgeleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri Safevi devletinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgeye gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sultan Selim, Tebriz\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra b\u00f6lgede hakimiyetini kal\u0131c\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in K\u00fcrtlere ihtiya\u00e7 duymu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde K\u00fcrtler de Safevi zulm\u00fcnden kurtulmak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na ve korumas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtler \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131 \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi Safevilerin kontrol\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in K\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6nemli bir kesimi zorunlu olarak \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Safevilerin yan\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019ye g\u00f6rev \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni de budur.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtlerle Osmanl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda 1514 Amasya Antla\u015fmas\u0131 diye bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani K\u00fcrt heyeti ile Sultan Selim\u2019in heyeti sorunu m\u00fczakere edip anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir anla\u015fma yoktur. \u015e\u00fckri Bidlisi\u2019nin Selimname\u2019sinde bahsetti\u011fi birka\u00e7 K\u00fcrt beyinin Amasya\u2019da Sultan Selim\u2019i ziyaret etti\u011fi bilgisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda di\u011fer belgelerde benzer bir bilgi yoktur. Sultan Selim\u2019in \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc bo\u015f ka\u011f\u0131tlar, Safevilerden geri al\u0131nan beylik b\u00f6lgelerinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ve kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrt beyi ile Osmanl\u0131 devleti aras\u0131ndaki uyulmas\u0131 gereken \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 haklar ve \u015fartlarla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

Sultan Selim, K\u00fcrtlere, otonom birK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 y\u00f6netmesi i\u00e7in aralar\u0131ndan bir lider se\u00e7meyi teklif etmemi\u015ftir.Buna kar\u015f\u0131 da K\u00fcrt beyleri b\u00f6lgeyi y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131dan bir lider talep etmemi\u015flerdir. K\u00fcrt beyleri, Bidlisi\u2019nin y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle Diyarbekir\u2019i ku\u015fatan Safevi g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 Sultan Selim\u2019den sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6netecek bir komutan ve askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sultan Selim, K\u00fcrt beylerine Safeviler taraf\u0131ndan ellerinden al\u0131nan, atalar\u0131ndan kendilerine miras kalan b\u00f6lgeleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda y\u00f6netmeleri i\u00e7in onay vermi\u015ftir. Diyarbekir eyaletinin bir\u00e7ok yerleri gibi \u00f6ncesinden beylik stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olmayan yerlerdevletin tasarrufuna b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtlerin tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerindenbir lider alt\u0131nda y\u00f6netilmesine m\u00fcsait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Bidlisi\u2019nin kendisi s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yerleri Safevilerden kurtar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, birlikte g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n itiraz\u0131na kadar,Diyarbekir eyaletinin siyasi y\u00f6neticisi olarak Bidlisi g\u00f6rev yapmaktad\u0131r.Bidlisi, K\u00fcrtlerin kendilerinden (mevcut beyler i\u00e7inden) bir lider etraf\u0131nda birle\u015fmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011finde liderlik i\u00e7in kendini i\u015faret etmi\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu \u00f6zet a\u00e7\u0131klamadan sonra Bidlisi\u2019nin do\u011fumundan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar olan s\u00fcrede ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131-K\u00fcrt ili\u015fkisindeki rol\u00fcne bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin 1514 Y\u0131l\u0131na Kadar Olan Hayat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bidlisi, bir kayda g\u00f6re[1]<\/sup><\/a>18 Ocak 1457 Sal\u0131 gecesi Rey\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131, Nurbah\u015fi tarikat\u0131n\u0131n merkezi kabul edilen Sulak\u00e2n nahiyesinde d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015fti. Babas\u0131 H\u00fcsameddin Ali, dedesinin ad\u0131 \u015eeyh Tacedd\u00een Hac\u0131 H\u00fcseyin, dedesinin babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 da Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2 Mecd\u00fcdd\u00een el-Bidlisi\u2019dir. T\u00fcm bu alimler Bitlis\u2019te ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Bidlis Beyli\u011finin himayesi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131lar.[2]<\/sup><\/a>Babas\u0131 H\u00fcsameddin Ali Bidlisi, \u015eiili\u011fe ait Nurbah\u015f\u00eeye tarikat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 idi, bir m\u00fcddet bu tarikat\u0131n kurucusu Seyyid Muhammed\u2019in hizmetinde bulunmu\u015f ve orada mektep hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f sayg\u0131n bir \u00e2lim ve kuvvetli bir mutasavv\u0131ft\u0131. Nurbah\u015f\u00eeye tarikat\u0131na olan s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 eserlerinde kendisini H\u00fcsameddin Ali el-Bidlisi el-Nurbah\u015f\u00ee \u015feklinde tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[3]<\/sup><\/a>Nurbah\u015f\u2019\u0131nLuristan, K\u00fcrdistan ve Azerbaycan\u2019dan gelen 17 tarikat yolda\u015f\u0131 Abhar, Bidl\u00ees, Halhal, Irak-\u0131 Acem, Karahr\u00fbd, Kalur, Hurram\u00e2b\u00e2d, Sultaniya, Burujird, Erbil ve Tebriz \u015fehirlerindendi ve bunlardan yedisi K\u00fcrt idi.[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u015eeyh Muhammed Nurbah\u015f\u2019\u0131n bu yedi K\u00fcrt m\u00fcridinden birisi de Bidlisi\u2019nin babas\u0131 H\u00fcsameddin Ali idi.\u00a0 H\u00fcsameddin Ali, \u015eeyhinin Sulakan\u2019a yerle\u015fti\u011fini duyunca Bitlis\u2019ten ayr\u0131larak ailesiyle birlikte yan\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. O\u011flu \u0130dris de, ailesinin Sulakan\u2019a gelmesinden sonra do\u011fmu\u015ftu. \u0130dris-i Bidlisi, \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan itibaren t\u00fcm e\u011fitimini babas\u0131ndan ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu entelekt\u00fcel ortamdan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yetenekli tarikat yolda\u015flar\u0131, tarikat \u00f6\u011fretilerini adeta birer halife gibi yaymak ad\u0131na yava\u015f yava\u015f Sulak\u00e2n\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p etrafa da\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. H\u00fcsameddin Ali de memleketi Bitlis\u2019e yerle\u015fti.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Uzun Hasan, Karakoyunlu lideri Cihan \u015eah\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra (1467) Bitlis vilayetini istila etmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu g\u00f6nderdi. Bidlis emiri M\u00eer II. \u0130brahim \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l direndi ama sonu\u00e7 olarak kaleyi Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n komutan\u0131na teslim etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Kendisi de \u015fehrin ileri gelenlerinden on iki aileyi de alarak Tebriz\u2019e hareket etmi\u015fti. Muhtemelen Mir \u0130brahim\u2019in ku\u015fatman\u0131n sona erip \u015fehrin teslim edildi\u011fi 1470 y\u0131l\u0131nda yan\u0131nda Tebriz\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc on iki aileden birisi de Bidlisi ailesi olmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u00fcsameddin Bidlisi tasavvuf\u00ee faaliyetlerine devam ederken o\u011flu \u0130dris de hem babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda hem de medresede ilk e\u011fitimini almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130dris\u2019in, babas\u0131n\u0131n ruhan\u00ee korumas\u0131 ve yeti\u015ftirmesi alt\u0131nda daha gen\u00e7 ya\u015flar\u0131nda Tebriz\u2019de ilm\u00ee bahislere, felsef\u00ee ve tasavvuf\u00ee tart\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131l\u0131r.\u00d6nemli ulemalar aras\u0131nda yeti\u015fen \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin Tebriz\u2019de Akkoyunlu devletinin merkezinde 1481\u2019den \u00f6nce mun\u015fili\u011fe (divan katipli\u011fi) ba\u015flar.[6]<\/sup><\/a>Sultan Yakub 1478 y\u0131l\u0131nda Akkoyunlu taht\u0131na oturdu\u011fu zaman Bidlisi,medrese \u00f6\u011frenimini tamamlam\u0131\u015f 21 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir gen\u00e7ti. \u0130dris-i Bidlisi, Akkoyunlu saray\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a etkin olan \u015eeyh \u0130brahim G\u00fcl\u015feni\u2019nin m\u00fcritli\u011fini yapmaktayd\u0131. (\u015eeyh \u0130brahim G\u00fcl\u015feni, Akkoyunlu devletinin sona ermesiyle M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a yerle\u015fir)Bidlisi\u2019nin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim ve \u015feyhinin korumas\u0131 onu Fars b\u00fcrokrasinde g\u00f6rev almas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[7]<\/sup><\/a>Akkoyunlu Sultan\u0131 Yakup vefat edince taht kavgas\u0131 \u015fiddetlenir. Tahta oturan Baysungur Mirza\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alan \u0130dris-i Bidlisi, Baysungur\u2019un \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra saray \u00e7evresinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131. Sultan (G\u00f6de) Ahmed tahta oturunca Bidlisi Tebriz\u2019e gelebildi. G\u00f6de Ahmed\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yeniden taht sava\u015flar\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6deAhmed\u2019in k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli saltanat\u0131ndan sonra 1498\u2019den 1501 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Akkoyunlu tarihine taht i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden Elvend Mirz\u00e2 ve Sultan Murad\u2019\u0131n bitmek bilmeyen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrece damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu. 1500 sonbahar\u0131nda egemenlik alan\u0131 ikisi aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Elvend\u2019e Azerbaycan, Arminiyye, Diyarbekir, Mugan ve Harran, Sultan Murad\u2019a ise Fars, Kirman, Irak-\u0131 Acem ve Irak-\u0131 Arab verilmek \u00fczere imparatorluk ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. Akkoyunlular deste\u011fi ve ittifak\u0131 ile \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 biriktiren Safevi tarikat\u0131 gen\u00e7 temsilcisi \u0130smail, A\u011fustos-Eyl\u00fcl 1499\u2019da yan\u0131ndaki tarikat ileri gelenleri ile uzun iktidar y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in L\u00e2h\u00eec\u00e2n\u2019dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz on iki ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. 1500 y\u0131l\u0131 bahar\u0131nda geldi\u011fi Erzincan\u2019da kendisine kat\u0131lan Anadolu ve Suriye\u2019deki K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f takip\u00e7ileri ile birlikte \u015eirvan\u2019a hareket etti. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ElvendM\u00eerz\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Nah\u00e7ivan yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki \u015earur\u2019da onu yenerek ba\u015fkent Tebriz\u2019e girdi ve 1501 sonbahar\u0131nda \u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 12 \u0130mamc\u0131 \u015ei\u00ee doktrinini resmen ilan etti.[8]<\/sup><\/a>Bidlisi, 1501 g\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan hemen sonra Tebriz\u2019den ayr\u0131lmad\u0131. \u015eah taraf\u0131ndan vezir olarak atanan, eskiden de Sultan Yakub\u2019un veziri olan Melik MahmudDeylem\u00ee\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u0130dris-i Bidlisi, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in saray\u0131nda katiplik g\u00f6revine girdi.[9]<\/sup><\/a>Bidlisi 1501\u201302 k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Tebriz\u2019de \u015fah\u0131n hizmetinde ge\u00e7irirken 1502 bahar\u0131nda Elvend Mirza, Erzincan taraf\u0131ndayken toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ordusuyla kaybetti\u011fi Tebriz\u2019i tekrar ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. Bu haberi alan \u015eah, May\u0131s 1502\u2019de ordusuyla o tarafa y\u00f6neldi. \u015eah\u0131n Erzincan yak\u0131nlar\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haberdar olan Elvend Mirza onunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak yerine ba\u015fka bir yoldan Tebriz\u2019e geldi ve taht\u0131 tekrar ele ge\u00e7irdi. Bu durum Tebriz\u2019e \u015fah\u0131n yenilip Elvend\u2019in galip oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde yay\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eah Tebriz\u2019e y\u00f6nelince, \u00f6ncesinde \u015faha biat edenlerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u015fimdi onun d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131na biat ettikleri i\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclecekleri korkusuyla ka\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131lar. Bidlisi de korkuya kap\u0131l\u0131p anne-babas\u0131 ve ailesini b\u0131rakarak \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi Tebriz\u2019den \u0130stanbul\u2019a gitmek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ayr\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

1502 yaz\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda Tebriz\u2019den\u2019dan ayr\u0131lan Bidlisi, neredeyse bir y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 yollarda ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Bidlisi,\u00a0Ris\u00e2le-i M\u00fcn\u00e2zara-i R\u00fbze ve \u02bbIyd<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 eserinde, 1502 sonbahar\u0131 ve k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bile hala \u201cu\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z ovalarda ve da\u011flarda peri\u015fan ve \u00e7aresiz bir \u015fekilde\u201d<\/em>\u00a0dola\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7amurlu ma\u011faralarda sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Bidlisi \u201cBu \u00e7\u00f6lde gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f bir \u015fekilde arayacak kadar neyimi kaybetti\u011fimi bilemiyorum\u201d<\/em>\u00a0diyordu.[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Bidlisi, \u0130stanbul\u2019a yeti\u015fti\u011finde Sultan II. Beyaz\u0131d seferde idi. Bidlisi de bilinmeyen bir nedenle 1503 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sofya yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Hristiyan ahalinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00f6stendil sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Dupni\u00e7e (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde StankeDimitrov) kasabas\u0131na yerle\u015fti. Burada manast\u0131rdaki inziva hayat\u0131 i\u00e7indeki Hristiyan alimlerle bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015fayan Bidlisi daha sonra Sofya\u2019ya yerle\u015fti.[12]<\/sup><\/a>Sofya\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman dilimi i\u00e7inde biri Sultan Bayezid\u2019e (Ris\u00e2le-i M\u00fcn\u00e2zara-i R\u00fbze ve \u02bbIyd) biri \u015eehzade Ahmed\u2019e (\u015eerh-i Kaside-i Hamriye) ve biri de \u015eehzade Selim\u2019e (Mir\u02bb\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-\u02bbU\u015f\u015f\u00e2k) olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 eser telif etti. Bu \u015fekilde hem padi\u015fah hem de \u015fehzadelerinin dikkatini \u00fczerine \u00e7ekecek, g\u00f6rev talebinde bulunacak, en az\u0131ndan bunlardan birinden himaye g\u00f6rebilecekti.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131\u015fmadan sonra nihayet Sultan II.Beyaz\u0131d\u0130drisi\u2019yi \u0130stanbul\u2019a davet etti. Sultan\u0131n \u00e2limlere de\u011fer verdi\u011fini bildi\u011fi i\u00e7in kendi ilmi kimli\u011fini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karan Bidlisi, Bayezid ile olan tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve onun ad\u0131na kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mir\u02bb\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-Cem\u00e2l adl\u0131 eserini bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeye vesile yapmak istedi\u011fini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u015eeref ve iftihar\u0131m i\u00e7in gazi sultan\u0131n [II. Bayezid] derg\u00e2h\u0131na gitmek, yolunun topra\u011f\u0131na ad\u0131m atarak b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olan kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tavaf, sultanla a\u015final\u0131\u011f\u0131m oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, can\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fclden dualar\u0131m\u0131 arzetmek istedim. \u0130lim ve fazilet onun nazar\u0131nda k\u0131ymetli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ilmi bir hediyeyi [Mir\u02bb\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-Cem\u00e2l] bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme i\u00e7in vesile k\u0131ld\u0131m. Kendisini g\u00f6rmeme icazet \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca k\u00fcstahl\u0131kla ileriye do\u011fru bir ad\u0131m att\u0131m. E\u015fi\u011fini \u00f6pt\u00fckten, felek gibi olan saray\u0131n\u0131n direklerine el s\u00fcr\u00fcp tavaf ettikten sonra onun ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar sa\u00e7an elini \u00f6pt\u00fcm ve huzuruna birka\u00e7 kitap b\u0131rakt\u0131m. Erbab-\u0131 kem\u00e2le has olan bir fen ile Mir\u02bb\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-Cem\u00e2l\u2019i haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Kitab\u0131n i\u00e7ine tefsir, meani ve beyan ilimlerinden \u00e7ok\u00e7a \u00f6rnekler koymu\u015ftum. En fasih olan naz\u0131m ve nesirle [kitab\u0131] onun y\u00fcce ad\u0131yla s\u00fcsledim.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bidlisi, \u0130stanbul\u2019da Sultan II.Beyaz\u0131d\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 tarihi yaz\u0131m\u0131 ile g\u00f6revlendirmesi \u00fczerine He\u015ft Behi\u015ft kitab\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flar. 30 ay s\u00fcren bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu Bidlisi bekledi\u011fi ilgiyi g\u00f6rmedi\u011fine inan\u0131r. Sarayda b\u00fcrokratlar aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rekabet s\u00fcrmektedir. Saraydaki baz\u0131 b\u00fcrokratlar ve vezirler bir Acem b\u00fcrokrat\u0131n\u0131n sarayda itibar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesini istemezler ve Bidlisi\u2019nin aleyhine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Muhalifleri He\u015ft Behi\u015ft kitab\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 hanedan\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 olan \u0130ran \u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yolunda ithamlarda bulunurlar. Bu propagandayla \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019yi padi\u015fah\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrler.\u0130dris-i Bidlisi, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Padi\u015fah\u0131n kendisine \u00f6dedi\u011fi inamdanda memnun de\u011fildi. Verilen \u00f6demeleri \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklara verilen kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm ve ceviz<\/em>\u201debenzetiyordu. Padi\u015fah eser teslim edilirken 50.000 ak\u00e7e, toplamda da 149.000 ak\u00e7e inam vermi\u015fti. Ama t\u00fcm bunlar hem para olarak hem de bekledi\u011fi terfi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Bidlisi\u2019yitatmin etmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine BidlisiDiyarbekir\u2019e gitmek istiyordu. Diyarbekir o tarihlerde Safev\u00ee topra\u011f\u0131 idi ve \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in en g\u00fcvenilir beylerinden Ustaclu Muhammed Han taraf\u0131ndan idare ediliyordu. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle Bidlisi, \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndaki dostlar\u0131yla bu konuda yaz\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Buradan gelecek olan olumlu bir cevap \u00fczerine Diyarbekir\u2019e hareket edecek belki de oradan da tekrar Tebriz\u2019e ge\u00e7ecekti. Ancak Padi\u015fah buna izin vermeyince Hac i\u00e7in izin istemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Bidlisi\u2019nin, yan\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirip Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fcrokrasisine entegre etti\u011fi o\u011flu Ebulfazl\u2019\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemde, Trabzon\u2019daki gen\u00e7 \u015fehzadenin hazine-i \u00e2mire katipli\u011fini yap\u0131yordu. Bu konuda a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 bir bilgi olmasa bile muhtemelen \u0130dris-i Bidlisi Tebriz\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131rken o\u011flunu da Trabzon\u2019da vali olan \u015fehzade Selim\u2019e g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bidlisi nihayet uzun zamand\u0131r almay\u0131 bekledi\u011fi Hac iznini II. Bayezid\u2019in o\u011flu Selim\u2019in isyan\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir anda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131srarlar\u0131n\u0131n neticesinde alabilmi\u015fti. 1511 yaz\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda geri d\u00f6nece\u011finin teminat\u0131 olarak ailesini arkas\u0131nda b\u0131rakarak hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u0130stanbul\u2019dan gemiyle ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Elli d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Bidlisi, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra kendisine tahsis edilmi\u015f senelik zeamet gelirinin kesilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendi.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

1511 sonbahar\u0131nda Kahire\u2019ye geldi\u011finde Memluk Sultan\u0131 Kan\u0131savGavri\u2019ninadamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.Daha \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda yerin dibine bat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Memluk sultan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6klere \u00e7\u0131kartan methiyeler yazd\u0131. Kahire\u2019de iyi kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n bir nedeni de daha \u00f6nce M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a yerle\u015fen ve sarayda \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6revi olan Tebriz\u2019den M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u015eeyh \u0130brahim G\u00fcl\u015feni\u2019nin olmas\u0131yd\u0131.Bidlisi, Kahire\u2019de bulundu\u011fu s\u00fcrece sultan taraf\u0131ndan ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve onun meclislerine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bidlisi, Meml\u00fck sultan\u0131na da birka\u00e7 kitap takdim etti. Bunlardan birisi Meml\u00fck sultan\u0131 ad\u0131na kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ris\u00e2le fi Esrari\u2019s- S\u0131y\u00e2m adl\u0131 eseriydi. Bu eseri Kahire\u2019de bulundu\u011fu 22 Kas\u0131m\u201321 Aral\u0131k 1511 m\u00fcnasebetiyle kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.Bidlisi, 1511\u201312 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Mekke\u2019ye gitmek maksad\u0131yla bir m\u00fcddet kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kahire\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Kan\u0131savGavr\u00ee, Hac\u2019a gidecek olan Bidlisi\u2019nin, gidece\u011fi her yerde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler konusunda kendisine yard\u0131m edilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm idarecilere bir ferman yazd\u0131, ayr\u0131ca karde\u015finin o\u011flunu da Bidlisi\u2019nin yan\u0131na verdi.[16]<\/sup><\/a>Bidlisi Mekke\u2019de kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l i\u00e7inde muhtemelen Memluk Sultan\u0131 Kan\u0131savGavri\u2019nin tahsisat\u0131yla hayat\u0131n\u0131 idame ettiriyordu.<\/p>\n

Bidlisi, Mekke\u2019den\u015eah \u0130smail\u2019e kasideler yazd\u0131. Bidlisi\u2019nin Mekke\u2019de ikamet etti\u011fini yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaside vas\u0131tas\u0131yla haber alan \u015eah \u0130smail, bu haber \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektubu ve hediyelerini \u00f6zel bir haberci vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Mekke\u2019ye g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. \u015eah \u0130smail mektubunda, Bidlisi\u2019nin Tebriz\u2019e geri d\u00f6nmesini istiyor, onu hizmetine kabul etti\u011fini belirtiyordu.[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Sultan Bayezid, Nisan 1512\u2019de taht\u0131 o\u011flu Selim\u2019e b\u0131rakmak durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bidlisi bu taht de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini, \u0130ran\u2019a d\u00f6nme arifesinde iken Mekke sokaklar\u0131ndaki tellallardan \u00f6\u011frendi.<\/p>\n

OSMANLI SAFEV\u0130 SAVA\u015eI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Selim daha Trabzon\u2019da vali iken Osmanl\u0131 Devleti i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehlike olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Safevi devletini etkisizle\u015ftirmek gerekti\u011finin fark\u0131ndayd\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda gizliden gizliye \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyordu. Babas\u0131 II. Beyaz\u0131d ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve istese de do\u011fuya bir sefer yapacak durumda de\u011fildi. Karde\u015fi ve taht\u0131n birinci varisi kabul edilen Amasya valisi Sultan Ahmed, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir orduyla Karaman\u2019da Safevi taraftarlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f, her iki taraftan 50 bin ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Karde\u015fler aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan taht kavgas\u0131 Safevilerle hesapla\u015fmay\u0131 ileriki bir tarihe ertelemi\u015fti. Acem memleketinden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fikayetler padi\u015fahl\u0131k makam\u0131na geliyordu. B\u00f6lgeden ka\u00e7anlar Osmanl\u0131 devleti topraklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015flerdi. Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan da do\u011fuya do\u011fru K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f ak\u0131n\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Anadolu K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131yor ve Safevi taraftarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaparak \u00e7evreyi rahats\u0131z ediyordu. \u015eah Kulu \u0130syan\u0131 \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 olarak kabul ediliyordu. Sultan Selim yerini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra Erzincan taraf\u0131ndaki K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flara ve Safevi devletine ve lideri \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sald\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in fetvalar \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131.Safevi d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgeyi \u00e7ok iyi bilen insanlara duyulan ihtiya\u00e7tan dolay\u0131,Bidlisi\u2019nin dostu olan Cafer \u00c7elebi taraf\u0131ndan BidlisiSultan Selim\u2019e \u00f6nerildi. Trabzon\u2019da Selim\u2019e katiplik yapan ve Selim\u2019le birlikte \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelen Bidlisi\u2019nin o\u011flu Ebulfazl\u2019\u0131n da Bidlisi\u2019nin \u00f6nerilmesinde rol\u00fc olabilir.<\/p>\n

Selim, Bidlisi\u2019yi bir mektupla ve g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 500 alt\u0131nla \u0130stanbul\u2019a geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Bidlisi y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015eah\u2019a gitmeyi de\u011fil, \u0130stanbul\u2019a do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bidlisi, 1513\u201314 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Selim\u2019in huzuruna \u00e7\u0131karak \u201ce\u015fi\u011fini \u00f6pt\u00fc\u201d. \u0130ran seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Selim\u2019in yan\u0131nda eski ve tecr\u00fcbeli bir Acem b\u00fcrokrat\u0131 olan Bidlisi de yer alacak birka\u00e7 dan\u0131\u015fmandan biri olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011fdat\u2019tan Mara\u015f\u2019a kadar geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeye h\u00fckmeden Safevilere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan Sultan Selim, i\u00e7eriden ihanete u\u011framamak i\u00e7in bir emir yay\u0131nlayarak Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda 7 ya\u015f\u0131ndan 70 ya\u015f\u0131nane kadar K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f varsa hepsinin adlar\u0131 ve adresleri ile kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7irilmesini buyurdu. Hen\u00fcz sefere \u00e7\u0131kmadan tespit edilen 40 bin Anadolu K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f\u2019\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 imha hareketi ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

19 Nisan 1514 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019dan harekete ge\u00e7en Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, Sivas\u2019ta 100 bin askerle sava\u015fa haz\u0131r hale getirildi. Erzincan\u2019dan Tebriz\u2019e kadar s\u00fcrecek sava\u015f s\u00fcresi 40 g\u00fcn hesaplanarak bunlar\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 olan erzaklar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 60 bin deve haz\u0131rland\u0131. Lojistik hizmetler i\u00e7in 5000 ki\u015fi g\u00f6revlendirildi. Selim\u2019in kendisine do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyan \u015eah \u0130smail, Osmanl\u0131 ordusu erzak temin edemesin diye Sivas\u2019tan Tebriz\u2019e giden hat \u00fczerindeki K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f yerle\u015fim yerlerini bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Safevi devletinin Diyarbekir ve K\u00fcrdistan valisi olan Muhammed Han Ustaclu, b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerini yan\u0131na katarak Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun y\u00f6neldi\u011fi b\u00f6lgeye do\u011fru harekete ge\u00e7ti ve ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerdeki t\u00fcm ekinleri, otlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri yararlanmas\u0131n diye ate\u015fe verdi. Bunun \u00fczerine Sultan Selim \u0130stanbul\u2019a haber g\u00f6ndererek Deniz yoluyla Trabzon \u00fczerinden binek hayvanlar\u0131n yemi i\u00e7in de 100 bin deve y\u00fck\u00fc haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 buyurdu.[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

23 A\u011fustos 1514 \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc iki ordu \u00c7ald\u0131ran denilen yerde kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda K\u00fcrtler Safevilerin saf\u0131ndayd\u0131.T\u00fcm K\u00fcrdistan Safevilerin kontrol\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri Safevi ordusu i\u00e7inde yer almak zorunda idi. Baz\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan Emirleri zaten \u015eah taraf\u0131ndan tutuklanm\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre sonra serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da ka\u00e7abilmi\u015fti. Diyarbekir ve K\u00fcrdistan valisi olan Muhammed Han Ustaclu\u2019nun birli\u011finde T\u00fcrk, Arap ve K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7leri yer almaktayd\u0131. Yenilen \u015eah \u0130smail g\u00fc\u00e7leri geri \u00e7ekildi. Muhammed Ustaclu, \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu Safevi g\u00fc\u00e7lerini Tebriz\u2019e kadar kovalad\u0131 ve Tebriz\u2019e girdi.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 askerlerinin elde ettikleri talan mallar\u0131n\u0131 ailelerine ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6nme talepleri y\u00fckselmi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca orduyu ve hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 beslemek i\u00e7in de yeterli erzak bulmak problem oluyordu. Bu durumda Safevi g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sald\u0131rma ihtimali fazlayd\u0131. Sultan Selim, k\u0131\u015f\u0131 Tebriz\u2019de ge\u00e7irmenin sak\u0131ncalar\u0131n\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131na dan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan Bidlisi, Sultan\u2019\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Tebriz\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015fti ama Sultan, 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1514 g\u00fcn\u00fc,\u0130lkbaharda tekrardan Tebriz\u2019e d\u00f6nmek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle Amasya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nme karar\u0131 verdi. Sultan Selim 23 Kas\u0131m 1514 g\u00fcn\u00fc Amasya\u2019ya vard\u0131. Bu arada meydana gelen bir olay da \u00c7emi\u015fgezek Beyi R\u00fcstem Bey\u2019in \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Sultan Selim\u2019i 150 ki\u015filik bir heyetle ziyaret etmesidir. \u00c7emi\u015fgezek beyi R\u00fcstem Bey\u2019in babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceleri beylik b\u00f6lgelerini Safevilere terk etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle Sultan Selim, ziyaret\u00e7ilerin hepsini k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve R\u00fcstem Bey\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 o\u011flu Pir H\u00fcseyin Bey\u2019e g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Buna ra\u011fmen Pir H\u00fcseyin Bey, Sultan Selim\u2019in huzuruna \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sultan Selim, Pir H\u00fcseyin Bey\u2019i cesaretinden dolay\u0131 kutlam\u0131\u015f ve \u00c7emi\u015fgezek beylik b\u00f6lgesini kendisine vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

1514-1515 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Sultan Selim, Tebriz \u015fehrinden hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019ye K\u00fcrtleri Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n saflar\u0131na \u00e7ekmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6rev verir. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emir \u00fczerine BidlisiUrmi ve U\u015fni\u2019denAmed\u2019e, oradan Malatya\u2019ya kadar olan co\u011frafyada K\u00fcrt mirleri ile ili\u015fkiye ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. Bidlisi, bu g\u00f6rev konusunda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yler: \u201cBu hakir kula olan irsi ba\u011flar\u0131ndan ve yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan eski ili\u015fkiler ve dostluk yoluyla arada tam irtibat s\u00f6z konusuydu. M\u00fcjdeler dolu men\u015furlar\u0131 ve \u0130slam sultan\u0131n\u0131n fetihname h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle K\u00fcrtlerin ve Diyarbekir\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck beylerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 daveti bildirdim.\u201c<\/em>[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eah \u0130smail taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrt beylerinin tutuklanmas\u0131 ve beyliklerinin gasp edilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrt beyleri Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n istilas\u0131ndan etkilenmi\u015f beyler olarak ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019i zorunlu olarak desteklemi\u015fler, ona ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015flerdi. Mesela b\u00f6lgedeki K\u00fcrt beyleri aras\u0131ndan en n\u00fcfuzlu olan Bidl\u00ees beyi Emir \u015eeref, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2018i Harput d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Ahlat\u2019ta kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f, ona itaatini arzetmi\u015f, \u015eah \u0130smail ise kendisine hilat hediye ederek Bidl\u00ees beyli\u011fini resmen tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u015eah \u0130smail Hoy k\u0131\u015fla\u011f\u0131na geldi\u011finde Emir \u015eeref ve aralar\u0131nda H\u0131snkeyf h\u00e2kimi Melik Halil Eyyubi, Cezire h\u00e2kimi \u015eah Ali Bey Bohti, Hizan h\u00e2kimi Mir Davud, Sason h\u00e2kimi Ali Bey\u2019in de bulundu\u011fu on d\u00f6rt K\u00fcrt beyi ile ona itaatlerini arz etmek i\u00e7in Hoy\u2019a gitmi\u015flerdi. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta iyi kar\u015f\u0131lanan bu K\u00fcrt beyleri daha sonra Diyarbekir h\u00e2kimi Han Muhammed Ustaclu\u2019nun k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131 sonucu \u015eah \u0130smail taraf\u0131ndan tutukland\u0131. Yerlerine beyli\u011fe Safevi emirler atad\u0131. \u015eah, bu beyler aras\u0131ndan sadece Sason beylerinden \u015eah Ali Bey\u2019i ve \u015eirvan beylerinden Mir \u015eah Muhammed\u2019i tutuklatmad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f emirlerini Cizre, Bitlis ve Hakk\u00e2ri taraflar\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele ge\u00e7irilen topraklardan Atak h\u00e2kimi Ahmed Bey\u2019in topraklar\u0131 Ka\u00e7ar a\u015firetine, E\u011fil beyinin topraklar\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f komutanlardan Mansur Bey\u2019e, \u00c7emi\u015fgezek beyi Pir H\u00fcseyin Bey\u2019in topraklar\u0131 Nur Ali Halife\u2019ye verildi. \u015eah \u0130smail tutuklay\u0131p g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda bulundurmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda K\u00fcrt beylerini bulunduklar\u0131 merkezlerden ve kadim yurtlar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p \u0130ran i\u00e7lerine getirmek (\u00c7emi\u015fgezek beyleri \u00f6rne\u011fi) ve yerlerine K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f veya kendisine daha sad\u0131k K\u00fcrt beyleri atamak ve evlilik yoluyla ba\u011flar kurmak (H\u0131sn\u0131keyf h\u00e2kimi Melik Halil \u00f6rne\u011fi) gibi \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir politika izlemi\u015fti. Bu olaylar K\u00fcrt beyleri ile \u015eah \u0130smail aras\u0131nda bir k\u0131r\u0131lmaya ve ikili ili\u015fkilerin bozulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt beylerinin Osmanl\u0131 ile ittifak\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eah \u0130smail taraf\u0131ndan hapsedilmesinden kurtulmu\u015f K\u00fcrt beylerinin kadim yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 geri almak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 ile ittifak etmeleri ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmu\u015ftu. Bunun ilk davet\u00e7isi de \u0130dris-i Bidlisi olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0Do\u00e7.Dr. Ahmed Akk\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u2019\u00fcn:\u00a0\u201cKoca M\u00fcverrih, Bedayi, cilt II.Vrk.452\/a-b, Osmanl\u0131 Kanunnameleri ve Hukuk Tahlilleri, Yavuz Sultan Selim D\u00f6nemi Kanunnameleri\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda yirmi be\u015f K\u00fcrt y\u00f6neticisinin \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Amasya\u2019ya gittiklerini ve Sultan Selim ile K\u00fcrt beyleri aras\u0131nda bir \u00f6zerklik anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesine ra\u011fmen olay\u0131n birinci akt\u00f6r\u00fc olan \u0130dris-i Bidlisi farkl\u0131 yaz\u0131yor.\u201cOnlar\u0131n din ve devlet d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na muhalefet edip m\u00fcr\u00fcvvet sahibi Sultan\u2019a ba\u011flanmalar\u0131n\u0131n ilk etkeni ve as\u0131l davet\u00e7isi bendeniz oldu\u011fumdan, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla benimle yaz\u0131\u015fmalarda bulundular,\u201d<\/em>diyor.[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130dris-i Bidlisi, H\u0131snKeyf, Siirt, Bitlis ve Hizan beldelerine giderek o y\u00f6renin \u00fcnl\u00fc melikleri ve hakimleri ile Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131na tabi olmalar\u0131 ve itaat etmeleri; i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f beyliklerini sava\u015farak kurtarmalar\u0131 maksad\u0131yla bir toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenledi. \u0130\u00e7lerinde H\u0131snKeyf sahibi Melik Halil Eyyubi\u2019nin, Bitlis meliki Emir \u015eeref\u2019in, Hizan meliki Emir Davut\u2019un, Sason hakimi Ali Bey\u2019in, Nemran hakimi Abd\u00fcl Bey\u2019in ve \u0130zzeddin \u015eir Bey\u2019in o\u011flu Melik Abbas\u2019\u0131n oldu\u011fu yirmi be\u015f ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131bir toplant\u0131 meydana geldi.25 ki\u015filik K\u00fcrt emirleri heyetinin Amasya\u2019da Sultan Selim\u2019le yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen toplant\u0131, Bitlisi ile yap\u0131lan bu toplant\u0131 olsa gerek.<\/p>\n

Tebriz\u2019in al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra Sultan Selim\u2019e biat edip meliklik berat ve sanca\u011f\u0131 alan Bitlis h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Emir \u015eeref, emirli\u011fi alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeleri ve kalelerini egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na ald\u0131. \u0130smail \u015eah\u2019\u0131n damad\u0131 olan Melik Halil Eyyubi, K\u00fcrdistan beyleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fckleriyle ittifak ederek hala Muhammed Ustaclu\u2019nun karde\u015finin elinde bulunan H\u0131snKeyf kalesiyle \u015fehrini uzun ku\u015fatmalar sonucu geri ald\u0131. Ali Bey, Herzen kalesini geri ald\u0131.Sason hakimi Muhammed Bey de Herzen memleketlerini ku\u015fat\u0131p geri ald\u0131.Diyarbekir civar\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan beyleri i\u00e7inde, soyluluk ve seyyidlikle adlanm\u0131\u015f olan Ahmed Bey Zorakki, Atak kalesini, Miyafarikeyh \u015fehrini ve ba\u015fka yerleri geri ald\u0131. Tebriz taraf\u0131na y\u00f6neli\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Karaman civar\u0131nda Sultan\u2019\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fini \u00f6pen Cem\u015fid Bey Merdisi, Palu kalesini ve \u00fclkesini ele ge\u00e7irdi.Kas\u0131m Bey Merdisi, Egil kalesiyle ba\u011fl\u0131 yerleri ve Hani\u2019yi bile\u011finin g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ele ge\u00e7irdi.Amid halk\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 ve deste\u011fiyle Ahmed Bey ve Kas\u0131m Bey yi\u011fitlik g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirdi. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Buhti ve Cezire hakimi de Musul\u2019a hakim olan Safevi g\u00fc\u00e7lerini donanm\u0131\u015f bir orduyla yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131. Soran hakimi Seyyid Bey, Erbil ve Kerk\u00fck memleketini ele ge\u00e7irdi. Diyarbekir ve K\u00fcrdistan etraf\u0131nda K\u00fcrt b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, kendi atalar\u0131ndan kalma kalelerini ve \u015fehirlerini iktidarlar\u0131 alt\u0131na ald\u0131lar.\u00a0[22]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Diyarbekir ve Mardin B\u00f6lgelerinin Kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131nda K\u00fcrt-Osmanl\u0131 \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Diyarbekir, Selim\u2019in do\u011fu siyasetinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahipti ve buran\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesi Osmanl\u0131 devletinin b\u00f6lgedeki idaresi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemliydi. \u00c7ald\u0131ran sonras\u0131nda Sultan Selim\u2019in te\u015fviki neticesinde \u015fehir Akkoyunlu Sultan Murad taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da bu harek\u00e2t ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Padi\u015fah bu defa Bidlisi\u2019nin nasihat g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc denedi.\u00a0[23]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0.Netice olarak bu tebli\u011f i\u015fe yaram\u0131\u015f, Amid \u015fehri ileri gelenleri Safev\u00ee birliklerini \u015fehirden \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, padi\u015fahtan yard\u0131m beklemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u015eah \u0130smail, \u015fehri tekrar ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in Muhammed Han Ustaclu\u2019nun karde\u015fi Karahan\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirdi. \u015eehir, Karahan\u2019\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in gelen Ruha h\u00e2kimi Durmu\u015f Bey\u2019in ve Mardin, H\u0131sn\u0131keyf, Harput ve Ergani\u2019deki Safev\u00ee birliklerinin de kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla 1515 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir orduyla ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eehir halk\u0131 bir taraftan ku\u015fatmaya direnirken di\u011fer taraftan da Bidlisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sultandan yard\u0131m talebinde bulundular. Haberi alan Sultan Selim, derhal Hac\u0131 Yi\u011fit Ahmed komutas\u0131ndaki bir birli\u011fi g\u00f6nderdi. Bu yi\u011fit komutas\u0131ndaki birlik bir gece bask\u0131n\u0131yla \u00e7emberi yararak kaleye girdi. \u0130\u00e7 savunma g\u00fc\u00e7lendirildi.<\/p>\n

Diyarbekir ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sava\u015fa davet edilen K\u00fcrt beyleri, g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Safevilerin toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck orduya yetmeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130dris-i Bidlisi, Bayburt\u2019a olan B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019dan yard\u0131m istedi ama Pa\u015fa, ancak Sultan Selim\u2019den emir ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan ederek reddetti.Bunun \u00fczerine \u0130dris-i Bidlisi K\u00fcrt beyleri ad\u0131na Sultan Selim\u2019e yard\u0131m i\u00e7erikli bir mektup yazd\u0131.Sultan Selim muhtemelen Bidlisi\u2019nin kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrtler ad\u0131na yard\u0131m talep eden bir mektup \u00fczerine B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019ya emrini iletti. Bidlisi, bu konuda olay\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle dile getiriyor:\u00a0\u201cOnlar\u0131n din ve devlet d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na muhalefet edip m\u00fcr\u00fcvvet sahibi Sultan\u2019a ba\u011flanmalar\u0131n\u0131n ilk etkeni ve as\u0131l davet\u00e7isi bendeniz oldu\u011fumdan, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla benimle yaz\u0131\u015fmalarda bulundular. K\u00fcrt melikleri ve beyleri, K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f\u2019\u0131n Amid\u2019i ku\u015fatma amac\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in s\u00f6z ve g\u00f6n\u00fcl birli\u011fi etmekle birlikte liderlik ve komutanl\u0131k i\u00e7in Sultan\u2019\u0131n devlet erk\u00e2n\u0131ndan birinin bir grup askerle birlikte g\u00f6nderilmesini istemekteydiler. Ayr\u0131ca, bu komutan ordu y\u00f6netirken Osmanl\u0131 kanunuyla amel etmeliydi ve kendi \u00f6zlerinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k davas\u0131nda olan bu meliklerin tamam\u0131 da Sultan\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ki\u015finin emir ve yasaklar\u0131na tabi olmal\u0131yd\u0131lar.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bidlisi\u2019nin ayn\u0131 konuda s\u00f6ylediklerine bakarsakK\u00fcrt beylerinin bu talebinde Bidlisi\u2019nin y\u00f6nlendirmesi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \u00e7ok da yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz.\u00a0\u201cY\u0131llarca zul\u00fcm ve bask\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden zay\u0131flay\u0131p g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015fen bu taife, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na o sapk\u0131n toplulu\u011fa ve orduya kar\u015f\u0131 koyma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrt beldelerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli taife krallar\u0131 ile \u00e7e\u015fitli kavimler ve a\u015firetler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcnneti, tevhit kelimesinde ortak bulunmak ve y\u00fcce peygamber \u00fcmmeti olmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda onlar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir i\u015fte ittifak etmeleri konusunda cari de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/em>[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

En ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri Sultan Selim\u2019inK\u00fcrt beyleri i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc atadan miras kalan yerlerde beyliklerinin geri verilmesiydi. K\u00fcrt beylerinin talebi de bu y\u00f6ndeydi. Bu arada s\u00f6z konusu olan talep edilen liderlik olay\u0131 Diyarbekir ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmak ve Safevi g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin b\u00f6lgeden kovulmas\u0131nda askeri bir konuydu. Ancak Safevilerden kurtar\u0131lacak Diyarbekir eyaleti ve \u00e7evresi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti tasarrufunda olaca\u011f\u0131 belli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Bidlisi, K\u00fcrt beyleri i\u00e7inde kendilerinden bir lidere itaat etmeyecekleri beyan\u0131 ile liderlik i\u00e7in kendini i\u015faret etmi\u015f olabilir. Zaten Diyarbekir al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra Diyarbekir\u2019e Osmanl\u0131 ad\u0131na iki y\u00f6netici g\u00f6revlendiriliyor. B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fab\u00f6lgede asayi\u015fi temin etmek i\u00e7in, siyasi y\u00f6netim i\u00e7in de Bidlisi g\u00f6revlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n

Bidlisi,K\u00fcrtlere Osmanl\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cO s\u0131ralarda Sultan\u2019\u0131n ordusundan K\u00fcrtlerin yard\u0131m\u0131na gelen yoktu. Ancak ad\u0131 \u0130dris olan ve Bitlis\u2019i imar etme fikrinde olan bir kulu, din sultan\u0131n\u0131n alametleriyle onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bulunuyordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Onun eli en g\u00fczel yard\u0131mc\u0131ya her zaman duadayd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Beldelerin meliklerini ve ordular\u0131n\u0131 toplayarak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 defetme fikrine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrt b\u00fcy\u00fckleri i\u00e7in o rahat vaktinde bunu uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Hizan\u2019dan, Sason\u2019dan ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015eirvan\u2019dan \u015eeref Bey ve b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck beyler, o toplant\u0131da ( 25 K\u00fcrt beyinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131 \u0130K) ben davet\u00e7i kulla ittifak ederek s\u00f6z birli\u011fine vard\u0131lar,\u201d<\/em>diyor.[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt beylerinin komutas\u0131nda K\u00fcrt ordusu ve K\u00fcrt beylerinin istemiyle Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131nda 20 bin Osmanl\u0131 askeri b\u00f6lgeye gelerek Safevi ordusu ile sava\u015ft\u0131. Safevi ordusu Mardin\u2019e do\u011fru geri \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n

Mardin yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Ko\u00e7hisar (K\u0131z\u0131ltepe) b\u00f6lgesinde K\u00fcrt-Osmanl\u0131 ordusuyla Safevi-K\u00fcrt ordusu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. As\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f burada oluyordu. Her iki tarafta de g\u00fc\u00e7lerini takviye ettiler. Sultan Selim,\u015eadi Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeyi terk etmesi \u00fczerine H\u00fcsrev Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kuvvet daha g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Bidlisi, Ordunun mevzilenmesini ve bu mevzilenme i\u00e7indeki K\u00fcrt g\u00fc\u00e7lerini \u015fu kelimelerle dile getiriyor: \u201cKo\u00e7hisar ve Mardin Beylerbeyi, ordunun kalbinde y\u00fcce sultanl\u0131k sanca\u011f\u0131yla yer ald\u0131 ve iki bin t\u00fcfek\u00e7i yeni\u00e7eri kalpteki ordunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde haz\u0131r bulundu. Top aletleri ise gezici arabalara yerle\u015ftirildi. Sa\u011f tarafta H\u00fcsrev Pa\u015fa, Karaman ve Anadolu beyleri ve askerleriyle alt\u0131 bine varan yi\u011fit s\u00fcvariyle birlikte yerini ald\u0131. M\u00fcjdelenmi\u015f sol kanattaysa K\u00fcrt b\u00fcy\u00fckleri ve beyleri, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yi\u011fitlerden olu\u015fan yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk bin ki\u015filik bir orduyla yerle\u015ftiler. Bendeniz ise K\u00fcrt taife krallar\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 komutanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uyum ve anla\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yerini ald\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sa\u011f yanda H\u0131snKeyfhakimi Melik Halil Eyyubi, Sason hakimi Muhammed Bey, \u015eirvanat beyleri ile Egil hakimi Kas\u0131m Bey; her biri sancak ve tu\u011flar\u0131, kabile ve a\u015firet mensuplar\u0131 ile birlikte haz\u0131r bulunmu\u015flar, sol yanda da Bitlis hakimi Melik \u015eeref, Nemran hakimi Davut Bey, Atak hakimi ZorrakiAhmed Bey, \u015eah Veled Bey S\u00fcleymani ve Hac\u00fbk\u00ee beyleri kabile ve a\u015firetleriyle birlikte haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sol kanatta \u00c7emi\u015fgezek hakimi Pir H\u00fcseyin Bey ile Arapkir hakimlerinden Orhan, kendi halk\u0131 ve Dulkadirli bey ve askerlerinin de ittifak\u0131yla yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/em>Osmanl\u0131 askerlerinin ve K\u00fcrt birliklerinin takip etti\u011fi Safevi g\u00fc\u00e7leri ka\u00e7arak Tel\u2019af\u0131r yoluyla Musul ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131lar. Oradan da Tebriz\u2019e ge\u00e7tiler. Geride kalan Safevi g\u00fc\u00e7leri Mardin, H\u0131snKeyf Kalesi, Ergani, Siver (Siverek ), Sincar, Ruha, \u00c7erm\u00fck ve Birec\u00fck gibi Diyarbekir\u2019de K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f elinde kalm\u0131\u015f olan kalelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131lar. Mardin kalesi Karahan\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi S\u00fcleyman ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f komutanlarca savunmaya al\u0131nd\u0131. Mecburen i\u015f, sava\u015fa ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya kadar vard\u0131. K\u00fcrt m\u00fccahitler kaleyi ku\u015fatt\u0131lar. Ku\u015fatma yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sonras\u0131nda Mardin kalesi de ele ge\u00e7irildi.[26]<\/sup><\/a>Osmanl\u0131 taraf\u0131nda yer alan K\u00fcrt beylerinin haricinde hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r derecede K\u00fcrt \u00fcmeras\u0131 da \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiriyordu. Hakk\u00e2ri beyleri, Bradost beyleri, Sason beyleri, Pazuki beyleri ve Zengine beyleri bunlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bidlisi\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131 ad\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc faaliyeti Safev\u00ee taraf\u0131nda \u015eah \u0130smail ad\u0131na Hakk\u00e2ri K\u00fcrt \u00fcmeras\u0131ndan Emir Zahid y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyordu.[27]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt beyleri ve Osmanl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Safevi g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 elde etti\u011fi zaferden sonra Sultan Selim, B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019ya, \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019ye ve K\u00fcrt beylerine bol miktarda alt\u0131n ve \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferli hediyeler g\u00f6nderdi. Bu hediyelerin yan\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc bo\u015f ka\u011f\u0131tlar da g\u00f6nderdi. Sultan Selim\u2019in Bidlisi\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektupta; bu bo\u015f ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n her birine, her K\u00fcrt beyinin beylikleri ile ilgili \u00f6zel konumlar\u0131 i\u015flensin ve atalar\u0131ndan miras kalan yerlerde miras haklar\u0131 belirlensin, kayda ge\u00e7sin. Bidlisi konuyla ilgili \u015funlar\u0131 yazmakta: \u201c\u0130slam sultan\u0131, H\u0131snKeyf eyaletinin ve ba\u011fl\u0131 yerlerin ad\u0131 ge\u00e7enin (Melik Halil) atalar\u0131 zaman\u0131ndaki kanuna g\u00f6re kendisine teslim edilmesine dair h\u00fck\u00fcm g\u00f6nderdi\u2026.\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00fcrdistan melik ve hakimlerinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tanzimi ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi Sultan\u2019\u0131n kutlu emriyle bendenize y\u00fcklenmi\u015fti. \u2026Bu fakir, Melik Halil\u2019i Sultan\u2019\u0131n kutlu emri uyar\u0131nca kaleye \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p atalar\u0131ndan kalan h\u00fck\u00fcmet taht\u0131na oturttu.\u201d[28]<\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da Diyarbekir ve \u00e7evresi Safevilerden temizlenince vilayet y\u00f6netimine b\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa ve \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin oturtuldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftik. Bidlisi\u2019nin yerel halk \u00fczerindeki etkisinden rahats\u0131z olan B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa, rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 devleti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ileride do\u011fabilecek tehlikeleri Sultan Selim\u2019e bildirince, Sultan Bidlisi\u2019yi \u015eam\u2019a \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor ve beraberinde M\u0131s\u0131r seferine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Bu olay\u0131 Bidlisi\u2019nin anlat\u0131m\u0131ndan okuyal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u201cAd\u0131 ge\u00e7en pa\u015fan\u0131n ( B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa ) daha \u00f6nce zikredilen baz\u0131 durum ve olaylarla ilgili tedbirsizli\u011finden ve ba\u015f\u0131na buyruklu\u011fundan, ak\u0131l ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sahiplerinin tavsiye ve nasihatlerini kabul etmemesinden kaynaklanan infialden dolay\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, enaniyet ve ba\u015f\u0131na buyruklu\u011fun, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, payla\u015fmay\u0131, nasihat\u0131 ve ak\u0131lc\u0131 m\u00fc\u015favereyi kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek kutlu meclise \u015funu arz etti: \u201cMevlana \u0130dris, h\u00fck\u00fcmete bulunmas\u0131, K\u00fcrt beyleriyle aras\u0131nda olan dostluk ve o beldelerdeki halk\u0131n geneliyle sahip oldu\u011fu yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yoluyla o kavmin ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ki\u015fidir. Bu y\u00fczden onlar ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131, kendisine ba\u015fvurmaktad\u0131rlar. \u00d6zellikle y\u00fcce dergahtan art arda ona g\u00f6nderilen inamlar ve iltifatlar onun itibar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Me\u015fhurdur ki \u2018Y\u00fcz dervi\u015f bir kilime s\u0131\u011far da iki hakim bir iklime s\u0131\u011fmaz\u2019. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bendenize o vilayet halk\u0131n\u0131n daha az tevecc\u00fch etti\u011fi m\u00fc\u015fahede edilmektedir. Ya kendilerini ba\u015fka bir hizmete emir buyursunlar ya da bendenizi o memleketin h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden af buyursunlar. Korkulur ki muhalefet nedeniyle aniden bir olay olur da bu kullar\u0131n infialine neden olur,\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cAk\u0131l ve bilgi sahibi Sultan\u2019\u0131n ben fakirin (\u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin) hizmet ve sohbetine g\u00f6nl\u00fc meyilli oldu\u011fundan, \u0131slah edilmesi amac\u0131yla bu kulun huzura y\u00f6nelmesi yolunda kutlu emir g\u00f6nderdiler<\/em>.[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

1516 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019dan mektubu alan Sultan Selim, \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019yi \u015eam\u2019a yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Sultan Selim, Bidlisi\u2019yi M\u0131s\u0131r seferi boyunca yak\u0131n\u0131nda tuttu ve ona b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer verdi. Daha \u00f6nce belirtildi\u011fi gibi Bidlisi\u2019nin Tebriz\u2019deki \u015eeyhi ve \u00e7ok de\u011fer verdi\u011fi \u015eeyh \u0130brahim G\u00fcl\u015feni Memluk sultan\u0131 Kan\u0131savGavri\u2019nin himayesinde Kahire\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yordu.\u0130dris-i Bidlisi ile \u015eeyh \u0130brahim G\u00fcl\u015feni aras\u0131nda \u015feyh-m\u00fcrit ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131. Memluk sultan\u0131 Kan\u0131savGavri ise BidlisiHac\u2019a giderken kendisine \u00e7ok de\u011fer vermi\u015f ve Hac\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrede ge\u00e7imi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bidlisi ister istemez bu insanlara yak\u0131nl\u0131k duyuyordu. M\u0131s\u0131r fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck eziyetler ediliyordu. Bidlisi birka\u00e7 defa \u015fikayetleri Sultan\u2019a bildirmi\u015f ama sonu\u00e7 alamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n fethinden sonra Sultan, \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019ye 500 flori inamda bulundu ama Bidlisi bunu kabul etmeyip geri g\u00f6nderdi. Amac\u0131n\u0131n mal-m\u00fclk de\u011fil, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Sultan\u2019\u0131n adaleti sa\u011flamas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileti. \u201cZul\u00fcm ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmazsa art\u0131k bendenizin adalet isteme g\u00fcc\u00fc kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Padi\u015fah\u0131n izniyle bu \u015fehirden g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek mecbur olmu\u015ftur.\u201d ifadeleri padi\u015fah\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131zd\u0131rd\u0131. Bidlisi\u2019nin sert ele\u015ftirilerine \u00f6fkelenen padi\u015fah donanma ile \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmesini emretti.[30]<\/sup><\/a>\u0130stanbul\u2019a geli\u015finden sonraki son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131n \u00e7evresinden uzakta, g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir vaziyette bu t\u00fcr ilm\u00ee faaliyetlerle ge\u00e7irdi. Art\u0131k eskisi gibi padi\u015fahtan himaye g\u00f6rm\u00fcyordu, kendisine herhangi bir g\u00f6rev ve paye de verilmemi\u015fti. \u0130stanbul\u2019da dervi\u015fane bir hayat s\u00fcrerken \u201c\u00f6m\u00fcr sermayesini yoluna harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d Selim 21\u201322 Eyl\u00fcl 1520\u2019de vefat etti. Selim\u2019in vefat\u0131ndan iki ay sonra da 17 Kas\u0131m 1520\u2019de 63 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u0130dris-i Bidlisi vefat etti.[31]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130dris-i\u00a0 Bidlisi\u2019nin Selim \u015eah-Name adl\u0131 eseri, \u0130dris-i Bitlisi\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra o\u011flu Ebu\u2019l-Faz\u0131l Mehmed taraf\u0131ndan toparlan\u0131p temize \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bitlisname.com<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a>(Rag\u0131p Pa\u015fa K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde \u00fczerindeki temell\u00fck kayd\u0131nda sahibi ve k\u00e2tibi \u0130dris b. H\u00fcsameddin el-Bidlisi kayd\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mecmua i\u00e7ib bkz., \u0130dris-i Bidlisi, Mecm\u00fb\u02bba, Rag\u0131p Pa\u015fa Ktp., nr. 919.\u00a0 Akt. Vural Gen\u00e7, Acem\u2019den Rum\u2019a \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin Hayat\u0131,Tarih\u00e7ili\u011fi ve He\u015ftBehi\u015ft\u2019in II. Beyaz\u0131d K\u0131sm\u0131, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu yay\u0131n\u0131 s.29<\/sup><\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a>112. TD, nr. 413; \u015eeref Han Bidlisi, \u015eerefn\u00e2me, c.1 s. 415. Akt.Gen\u00e7, age.<\/sup><\/p>\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a>Gen\u00e7, age s.29<\/sup><\/p>\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a>Bashir, TheNurbakhshiyeBetweentheMedivaland Modern Islam, s.68\u201369. Akt. Gen\u00e7, age. s.33<\/sup><\/p>\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a>Gen\u00e7, age s.33<\/sup><\/p>\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a>Gen\u00e7, age.s.44-47<\/sup><\/p>\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.62<\/sup><\/p>\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.91-105<\/sup><\/p>\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.111<\/sup><\/p>\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.119-136<\/sup><\/p>\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.136-140<\/sup><\/p>\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a>Gen\u00e7, age.s.145<\/sup><\/p>\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.150<\/sup><\/p>\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.191-198<\/sup><\/p>\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.228<\/sup><\/p>\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age. s.229-232<\/sup><\/p>\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.237<\/sup><\/p>\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a>Hicabi K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, \u0130dris-i Bidlisi Selim \u015ean-Name, Hece yay. Ankara 2016. s.175<\/sup><\/p>\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, age. s.183, 205<\/sup><\/p>\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, age. s.285<\/sup><\/p>\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, age.s.307<\/sup><\/p>\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, age. s.305)<\/sup><\/p>\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a>Emecen, Yavuz Sultan Selim, s. 166 akt. Gen\u00e7. Age.s.266<\/sup><\/p>\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, age.s.266,313)<\/sup><\/p>\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, age. s.307,310)<\/sup><\/p>\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, age.s.333-334<\/sup><\/p>\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age. s.282<\/sup><\/p>\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, age.s. 338-342<\/sup><\/p>\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7, age.s.356<\/sup><\/p>\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0130dris-i Bidlisi, Selim \u015eah-n\u00e2me, s. 366\u2013367. Akt. Gen\u00e7, age.s.289,292,294)<\/sup><\/p>\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Gen\u00e7, age.s.299)<\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00fcrt-Osmanl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131, ili\u015fkinin siyasi niteli\u011fi ve bu ili\u015fkinin K\u00fcrtlerin gelece\u011finin belirlenmesinde \u0130dris-i Bidlisi\u2019nin rol\u00fc konusunda K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015ften beri tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrmektedir. De\u011fi\u015fik kitaplarda farkl\u0131 anlat\u0131mlarla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bu olay, ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f birden fazla akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nem geli\u015fmelerini daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. K\u00fcrt-Osmanl\u0131 ili\u015fkisinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin birinci \u015fahidi ve ba\u015f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":22329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[5974,1616],"class_list":["post-22328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-idris-i-bitlisi","tag-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22328"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22328\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}