{"id":21971,"date":"2021-03-07T10:47:02","date_gmt":"2021-03-07T07:47:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21971"},"modified":"2021-03-06T10:53:53","modified_gmt":"2021-03-06T07:53:53","slug":"ekim-1881-kurd-kumandanin-top-gullesi-ile-infazi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21971","title":{"rendered":"Ekim 1881- K\u00fcrd kumandan\u0131n top g\u00fcllesi ile infaz\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u2018\u0130nfaz\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi g\u00fcnden bir g\u00fcn \u00f6ncesi, a\u011fz\u0131 havaya do\u011fru kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f o b\u00fcy\u00fck kalibreli demirden yap\u0131lma top meydana kurulmu\u015ftu. \u015eafa\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6kmesiyle birlikte kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n da o devasa demir topun bulundu\u011fu alana gelmesi bir oldu. Hem Fars hem de Afrika ordular\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcfek ve \u00fcniformalar\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msatan te\u00e7hizata sahip bir dizi asker topun yan\u0131nda dizildiler. Mahk\u00fbm Celal, davullar\u0131n ve borazanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri bir kortej e\u015fli\u011finde meydana getirildi. Kortejin en \u00f6n\u00fcnde onlar\u0131 komuta eden general ve kortejin ortas\u0131nda da atl\u0131 bir araban\u0131n arkas\u0131na zincirlenmi\u015f, elleri ba\u011fl\u0131 halde s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen Celal A\u011fa vard\u0131. Halk\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131rmalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kortej ilerledi. Cezan\u0131n infaz edilmesi gerekiyordu\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n

1881 tarihli bir Frans\u0131z gazetesi, bir topun a\u011fz\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131p binlerce insan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde te\u015fhir edilerek infaz edilen bir K\u00fcrd a\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 haber yapm\u0131\u015f. \u0130nfaz edilen ki\u015finin Celal A\u011fa ad\u0131nda bir K\u00fcrd oldu\u011funu da ayr\u0131ca belirtmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

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Journal des Voyages<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 Frans\u0131z gazetesinin 30 Ekim 1881 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kapa\u011f\u0131nda \u201dTahran\u2019da infaz \u2013 Cellat, mahk\u00fbmu topun a\u011fz\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131\u201d alt a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ile, topun a\u011fz\u0131na \u00e7\u0131plak olarak ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir adam\u0131n tasvir edildi\u011fi bir grav\u00fcr yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gazetenin o tarihte yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu grav\u00fcr, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7e\u015fitli sitelerde \u2018Bir K\u00fcrd a\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131\u2019 \u015feklinde sadece g\u00f6rsel olarak payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Konuya dair herhangi detayl\u0131 bilgiyi kimse payla\u015fmaz ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak da aktarmaz. Gazetenin kapa\u011f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu infaz ger\u00e7ekten Tahran\u2019da m\u0131 vuku bulmu\u015ftu? Bu K\u00fcrd A\u011fa kimdi? Neden infaz edilmi\u015fti? \u0130nfaz emrini kim vermi\u015fti?<\/p>\n

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Gazetenin i\u00e7 sayfalar\u0131nda infaz\u0131n gerek\u00e7esine dair bilgi bulunmakta. \u0130ran devletine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015eeyh Ubeydullah liderli\u011finde bir taarruz ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren K\u00fcrdlerin yan\u0131nda yer almas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Celal A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor. Celal A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n binlerce sivil insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi Miandoab katliam\u0131nda bulundu\u011funun ve bunun \u015fahitlerinin de oldu\u011fundan \u00f6l\u00fcm emrinin verildi\u011fi aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. \u015eeyh Ubeydullah\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrd da\u011flar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ancak Celal A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019a teslim olarak su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fini; aksine \u015eah\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi\u011fi halde bunun \u015eah taraf\u0131ndan kabul ve affedilmeyerek infaz\u0131na karar k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgileri de ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n

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Frans\u0131z gazetesi infaza dair \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor:<\/p>\n

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\u201dCelal A\u011fa topun \u00f6n\u00fcne getirildi. Dizleri \u00fczerine \u00e7\u00f6kmesine izin verildi ki, o da derin duygular ve teslimiyet i\u00e7erisinde duas\u0131n\u0131 etti. Celal A\u011fa bunu yaparken, cellat ve yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 onu al\u0131p topun a\u011fz\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece onun topun a\u00e7\u0131k a\u011fz\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey ile temas\u0131 bulunmamaktayd\u0131. \u0130nfaz\u0131n t\u00fcm haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Topun \u00e7evresinde bulunan kalabal\u0131k, infaz i\u00e7in haz\u0131r bulunan askeri birlik taraf\u0131ndan itilip kalk\u0131larak geriye do\u011fru \u00e7ektirildiler. Askerlerin komutan\u0131n\u0131n bir i\u015fareti \u00fczerine cellat, elindeki ate\u015fi topun ate\u015fleme fitiline getirdi. Sanki basit bir boruyu yak\u0131yormu\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Fitil alev ald\u0131 ve top patlad\u0131. Celal A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n bedeni parampar\u00e7a olarak havaya savruldu ve kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n dibine serpildiler. Bu \u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131n\u0131 Ermeni gazetesi M\u00e7ak\u2019a da vermi\u015ftir ki, orada bedenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131nda Celal A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n e\u015fine \u00f6zel izin ve rica \u00fczerine teslim edildi\u011fini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okurlar\u0131m\u0131zdan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz bu \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve infaz y\u00f6nteminin barbarca oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcneceklerdir. Ancak bizler de giyotin y\u00f6ntemini kullanarak, ayn\u0131 derecede kana susam\u0131\u015fl\u0131ktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapm\u0131yoruz asl\u0131nda. Do\u011fu diyarlar\u0131nda kitlelerin zihinlerinde bu \u015fekilde iz b\u0131rakmak elzemdir.<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u015eah Nasreddin\u2019i Paris\u2019ten tan\u0131yanlar, onun kana susam\u0131\u015f biri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilirler. Halk\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi tan\u0131yan biri olan \u015eah, en ufak bir zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisinin otoritesini zay\u0131flataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilincindedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Sert olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u0130ran \u015eah\u2019\u0131 iyi biridir. Otoritesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan taviz vermiyor.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

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Benedict-Henry Revoil \u2013 Journal des Voyages<\/em><\/p>\n

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Her ne kadar bu infaz\u0131n Tahran\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini ve o ki\u015finin de Celal ad\u0131nda K\u00fcrd bir a\u011fa oldu\u011funu Frans\u0131z gazetesi yazm\u0131\u015f olsa da o y\u0131llarda \u0130ran\u2019da g\u00f6rev yapan bir misyoner, bu hadisenin Tebriz\u2019de ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve o ki\u015finin de \u0130ran ordusunda komutanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f Celil Han ad\u0131nda bir K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn oldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/p>\n

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1880 \u2013 1914 aras\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar hem \u0130ran Tebriz\u2019de hem de Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu \u015fehirlerinde g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f Amerikal\u0131 misyoner yazar Samuel G. Wilsson 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131nda bu infaz olay\u0131na da de\u011finmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Top g\u00fcllesi ile infaz, 1900\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131na kadar da \u0130ran\u2019da vuku bulan bir infaz y\u00f6ntemiydi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kaynak: \u201cLe Monde Illustr\u00e9\u201d Mecmuas\u0131 No. 2588, 3 Kas\u0131m 1906. Antoin Sevruguin<\/em><\/p>\n

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K\u00fcrdlerin isyan\u0131na ve \u015eeyh Ubeydullah\u2019\u0131n birliklerine dair kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 o b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Wilson, bu infazda rol\u00fc olan \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Tebriz valisi Muhammed Rahim Han\u2019dan ve onun icraatlar\u0131ndan da bahsetmi\u015ftir. Tebriz\u2019de a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 misyonerlik okulunda y\u00fczlerce \u00e7ocu\u011fun y\u0131llarca e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmesini sa\u011flayan Amerikal\u0131 misyoner Wilson, \u00e7ok iyi e\u011fitimi yan\u0131nda Fars\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Ermenice biliyordu ve hem o co\u011frafyay\u0131 hem de oran\u0131n halklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine h\u00e2kim \u00e7ok tecr\u00fcbeli biriydi.<\/p>\n

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Wilson\u2019un anlat\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir kesiti sizlerle payla\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

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\u201d\u00c7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan biri olarak bilinen Muhammed Rahim Han (ki daha sonra Emir-i Nizam olmu\u015f bir Ala-ed Devle\u2019dir), buraya Azerbaycan valisi olarak atand\u0131. Zamanla \u00fcn\u00fc kendisini a\u015ft\u0131 ve t\u00fcm herkesi korku sard\u0131. Zenjan\u2019a geldi\u011finde pazardaki bir adam\u0131n y\u00fcksek tah\u0131l fiyat\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi tepkiyle adam\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yere d\u00fc\u015fmesi bir oldu ki, pazardaki mallar\u0131n fiyat\u0131 da h\u0131zl\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu hadisenin etkisi Tebriz\u2019de bir sihir gibi i\u015fe yarad\u0131. Tah\u0131l pazar\u0131n\u0131 ellerinde bulunduran \u2018bo\u011falar\u2019, bu hadiseden sonra mallar\u0131 ve tah\u0131llar\u0131 zulalamaya ve insanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131 ile oynamaya cesaret edemediler.<\/p>\n

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Ayr\u0131ca, Muhammed Rahim Han bir \u00f6nceki harekat\u0131n ihanet\u00e7ilerinin cezaland\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 da yerine getirtiyordu. Kendisi bir K\u00fcrd olan Celil Han, katliam \u00f6ncesi Miandoab\u2019daki \u0130ran askeri birliklerinin kumandan\u0131yd\u0131. K\u00fcrdler onun bulundu\u011fu yere yakla\u015f\u0131rken, kendisi askeri birliklerini \u015fehrin bir taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yordu ki, K\u00fcrd birlikleri de ayn\u0131 anda di\u011fer taraftan \u015fehre giri\u015f yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan geriye d\u00f6nerek onlar\u0131n ya\u011fmalamalar\u0131na ve savunmas\u0131z insanlar\u0131 katletmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Baharda affedilece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc ile \u0130ranl\u0131lara teslim oldu. Tebriz\u2019e getirilerek bir topun a\u011fz\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilip ate\u015flendi. Kellesi bir k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n ucuna tak\u0131larak, pazar ve \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131larda gezdirilirken, her bir esnaf ve d\u00fckk\u00e2n sahibi de cellada para veriyordu. O\u011fullar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ma kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Onlardan birinin boynuna gev\u015fek bir halde ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f bir ipin iki ucunu askerler tutuyordu. Onu d\u00f6vmek ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f di\u011fer yirmi askerin darbeleriyle gerilen ip, o\u011flan\u0131n \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131na yava\u015f yava\u015f son verdi. \u00a0Bunlar\u0131n ihanetleri ve talan, ya\u011fma ve tahribattaki rollerini hat\u0131rl\u0131yor olsak da yine de bu \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmelerini k\u0131namakta teredd\u00fct etmemeliyiz.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Baran Zeydanl\u0131o\u011flu, 30 Ocak 2021-Bitlisname.com<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u2018\u0130nfaz\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi g\u00fcnden bir g\u00fcn \u00f6ncesi, a\u011fz\u0131 havaya do\u011fru kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f o b\u00fcy\u00fck kalibreli demirden yap\u0131lma top meydana kurulmu\u015ftu. \u015eafa\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6kmesiyle birlikte kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n da o devasa demir topun bulundu\u011fu alana gelmesi bir oldu. Hem Fars hem de Afrika ordular\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcfek ve \u00fcniformalar\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msatan te\u00e7hizata sahip bir dizi asker topun yan\u0131nda dizildiler. Mahk\u00fbm Celal, davullar\u0131n ve borazanlar\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":21972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[5820,5822,5546,1187,5819,5821,1616,5823],"class_list":["post-21971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-celal-aga","tag-celil-han","tag-ermeni","tag-iran","tag-iran-sahi","tag-kurt-aga","tag-manset","tag-tebriz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21971\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}