{"id":21786,"date":"2020-10-23T17:24:56","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T14:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21786"},"modified":"2020-10-23T17:27:07","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T14:27:07","slug":"cermik-beyleri-ii-yonetim-sekli-yurtluk-ocaklik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21786","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ERM\u0130K BEYLER\u0130 II: Y\u00d6NET\u0130M \u015eEKL\u0130 \u201cYurtluk-Ocakl\u0131k\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00c7ald\u0131ran’dan sonra Ekr\u00e2d (K\u00fcrt) Beyleri ile Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, bu beyler Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu da Ekr\u00e2d beylerine bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin y\u00f6netimini iade etmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’daki bu sancaklar, Osmanl\u0131 ile Ekr\u00e2d beyleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bu anla\u015fma gere\u011fince m\u00fcteffik olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in di\u011fer Osmanl\u0131 sancaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 bir stat\u00fcye sahiptiler.<\/span><\/div>\n
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu eyaletlere b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek y\u00f6netilmekteydi. Bu Eyaletlerde bir federasyon olarak sancaklardan olu\u015fuyordu. Bu sancaklar;<\/span><\/div>\n
Klasik Osmanl\u0131 Sancaklar\u0131,<\/span><\/div>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmet Sancaklar\u0131 ve<\/span><\/div>\n
Yurtluk-Ocakl\u0131k (Ekr\u00e2d) Sancaklar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/div>\n
Klasik Osmanl\u0131 sancaklar\u0131 tamamen Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131’n\u0131n tasarufunda olan, t\u0131mar, zeamet ve has bulunan, sancak beyi y\u00f6netimce atanan ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc verginin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sancaklard\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00c7ermik’in de y\u00f6netim \u015fekli olan Yurtluk-Ocakl\u0131k olarak tabir edilen sancaklar yani Ekr\u00e2d Sancaklar\u0131, fethedildikten sonra eski hakimlerine verilen yerlerdiler ve b\u00f6lgenin fethinde \u00f6nemli hizmetleri olmu\u015f aileler veya s\u0131n\u0131rda bulunan ve bu b\u00f6lgeleri korumay\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmi\u015f hanedanlara veriliyordu. Yani Osmanl\u0131 Devleti merkezi otoritesini tam olarak sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde istikrar\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ocakl\u0131k olarak yerel beylere iade ediyordu. Ocakl\u0131k hizmet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak verilen topraklar\u0131n gelirlerinin babadan o\u011fula miras kalmas\u0131yd\u0131. Naci Kutlay bu durumu “K\u00fcrt Beylikleri ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc beraberlikle, K\u00fcrt Mirliklerinin yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir konum ve \u00f6zel bir stat\u00fc ile Osmanl\u0131 Devletine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” yazar[1]<\/a>\u00a0Mehmet Emin Zeki ise bu sancaklar\u0131 \u00f6zerk sancaklar olarak niteler. Yani K\u00fcrt Beyleri\/Mirleri \u00c7ald\u0131ran’dan \u00f6nce oldu\u011fu gibi \u00c7ald\u0131ran’dan sonra da bu stat\u00fclerini korumu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
Bu sancaklar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda sancakbeyi bulunuyordu ve babadan o\u011fula ya da kan ba\u011f\u0131 olmak \u015fart\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 ailede kal\u0131yordu. Sanca\u011f\u0131n arazisi ve arazi \u00fczerindeki hak ve yetkiler b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda idarecilerin yani beylerin elindeydi. Bu beyler, sancak gelirinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ediyorlard\u0131 ve merkezi hazineye de belli bir miktar g\u00f6nderiyorlard\u0131. Eyalete ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bu sancaklar\u0131n, mali, adli ve askeri y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri merkezin kontrol ve denetimi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Tahrir yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in vergi olarak devletin denetimi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131lar ve klasik sancaklar gibi t\u0131mar ve zeamet de bulunmaktayd\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla devletin m\u00fcfetti\u015fleri taraf\u0131ndan denetlenebiliyorlard\u0131. Bu sancaklar sava\u015f durumunda yani seferbelikte merkeze yard\u0131m etmek ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fcler.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u015eerefhan, \u00c7ermik\u2019in miras kalm\u0131\u015f eyalete ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011funu, H\u0131r\u0131stiyanlar\u0131n “harac\u0131”‘n\u0131n mal divan\u0131na ait oldu\u011funu ve her y\u0131l Amed hazinesine teslim edildi\u011fini aktar\u0131r. \u00c7ermik Beyleri stat\u00fclerini bu \u015fekilde Tanzimat’a kadar daha do\u011frusu 1845 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/div>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmet Sancaklar\u0131 yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sancaklard\u0131lar. Yurtluk-Ocakl\u0131k sancaklardan tek fark\u0131 tahrir yap\u0131lmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u0131mar ve Zeamet’in olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla vergi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan devletin denetimi alt\u0131nda de\u011fildiler. \u0130\u00e7i\u015flerinde serbest olan bu sancaklar, sava\u015f durumunda asker ve sava\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile kat\u0131lmak ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fcler. \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019dan sonra do\u011frudan padi\u015faha ba\u011fl\u0131 Palu, E\u011fil, Cizire, Hazro, ve Gen\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere be\u015f H\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulmu\u015ftu. Bunlar\u0131 Miri Miran y\u00f6netiyordu. Bu d\u00fczen Van \u00e7evresi i\u00e7in de uygulan\u0131yordu. H\u00fck\u00fcmet sancaklar\u0131nda da Yurtluk-Ocakl\u0131k sancaklar\u0131nda da adl\u00ee meseleler merkezden tayin edilen kad\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan idare ediliyordu.<\/span><\/div>\n
Yukar\u0131da de\u011findi\u011fimiz gibi, \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra b\u00f6lge g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Osmanl\u0131’ya ba\u011flan\u0131r ve bu kapsamda 4 Kas\u0131m 1515 tarihinde Amid ba\u015fkent olmak \u00fczere Diyarbak\u0131r Eyaleti Osmanl\u0131 idar\u00ee te\u015fkilat\u0131 i\u00e7ersinde be\u015finci eyalet olarak te\u015fkil edilir. Olu\u015fturulan Diyarbak\u0131r Eyaleti’ne ilk ba\u015fta on dokuz sancak ba\u011flan\u0131r.[2]<\/a>\u00a0Bu sancaklardan on biri Diyarbak\u0131r’daki pa\u015fan\u0131n tasavurunda bulununan klasik Osmanl\u0131 sanca\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7ermik, bu ilk klasik Osmanl\u0131 sancaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Di\u011fer sekiz sancak yurtluk-ocakl\u0131k olarak an\u0131lan sancaklard\u0131. Bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 olan sancaklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1540 y\u0131l\u0131nda onbir, 1580 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise k\u0131rk alt\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7ermik ilk kurulan yurtluk-ocakl\u0131k sancaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Muhtemelen daha sonradan bu stat\u00fc verilmi\u015ftir ve 1609 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Diyarbak\u0131r eyaletine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ermik Beyleri’nin yurtluk-ocakl\u0131k stat\u00fcleri 1836 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrer.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Yazar Kenan Esmer<\/strong><\/div>\n
(Bu yaz\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131_Yazar Kenan Esmer’in facebbok sayfas\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
[1]<\/a>\u00a0Naci Kutlay, Yirmibirinci Y\u00fczy\u0131la girerken K\u00fcrtler, S. 37<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0Mehmet Emin Zeki, K\u00fcrdistan Tarihi, S.95<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ald\u0131ran’dan sonra Ekr\u00e2d (K\u00fcrt) Beyleri ile Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, bu beyler Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu da Ekr\u00e2d beylerine bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin y\u00f6netimini iade etmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’daki bu sancaklar, Osmanl\u0131 ile Ekr\u00e2d beyleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bu anla\u015fma gere\u011fince m\u00fcteffik olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in di\u011fer Osmanl\u0131 sancaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 bir stat\u00fcye …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":21788,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[5564,5705,117,1616],"class_list":["post-21786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-cermik","tag-cermik-beyleri","tag-kurtler","tag-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21786"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21786\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}