{"id":21763,"date":"2020-10-04T23:26:21","date_gmt":"2020-10-04T20:26:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21763"},"modified":"2020-10-04T09:34:35","modified_gmt":"2020-10-04T06:34:35","slug":"kolonize-edilmis-bir-alani-arastirmak-alman-oryantalist-calismalarinda-zazalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21763","title":{"rendered":"Kolonize edilmi\u015f bir alan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak&#8230; Alman Oryantalist \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda &#8220;Zazalar&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><strong>Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00f6zellikle oryantalistler, Kemalistler ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kolonize edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda \u00fcretilen bilgilerle bug\u00fcn Zazalar \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda temel kaynak olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcretilen bilginin siyasal do\u011fas\u0131 bilginin kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin ciddi uyar\u0131lar bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar s\u00f6z konusu bilgiyi bilimsel bilgi olarak kullanmaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kimlikleri, hangi niyet ve motivasyonlarla b\u00f6lgeye geldikleri ihmal edilmektedir. Oysa bu \u00f6zellikler bilgi \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde bilgiye n\u00fcfuz etti\u011finden ihmal edilemez bir \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em> e-\u015earkiyat \u0130lmi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Dergisi\/Journal of Oriental Scientific Research (JOSR) ISSN:1308-9633<\/em><br \/>\n<em>A\u011fustos 2020 Cilt:12 Say\u0131:3 (28) \/ August-2020 Volume:12 Issue:3 (28) Sayfa: 559-574<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan Alman oryantalistleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 incelenmi\u015ftir. Almanlar oryantalistler Berlin\u2019de ve \u00f6zellikle de Leibzig Oryantal \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/div>\n<div>Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Zazalara dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Almanya\u2019da Uygulamal\u0131 Oryantalizm ekol\u00fc egemendi. Bu ekol devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 esas almaktad\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Alman oryantalistlerinin Zazalar\u0131, Almanlar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019da benzersiz ve \u00fcst\u00fcn olduklar\u0131 sav\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek \u00fczere yap\u0131lan Aryanl\u0131k m\u00fchendisli\u011fi nesnesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu nedenle ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n oryantalist ve asimilasyonist bilgi \u00fcretimine maruz kalan Zazalar\u0131n miras\u0131n\u0131 esas almak bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n ahlaki sorumlulu\u011fu oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Anahtar Kelimeler: Alman Oryantalizmi, Uygulamal\u0131 Oryantalizm, Zazalar, Zazaca, Aryan M\u00fchendisli\u011fi<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>RESEARCHING A COLONIZED AREA:<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazas in the German Orientalist Studies Abstract<\/div>\n<div>The field of research on Zazas has been colonized especially by orientalists, Kemalists and Western researchers about two hundred years. Today, the knowledges that produced in this context are used as the main sources for researches on Zazas. In the researches are neglected the identity of Western researchers, what intentions and motivations they came to the region. However, these features are indispensable since they diffuse the knowledges in the knowledge production processes. In this study, the German orientalists and their studies which make researches on Zazas, were examined. Germans<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0Article Types \/ Makale T\u00fcr\u00fc: Research Article \/ Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Makalesi<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Received \/ Makale Geli\u015f Tarihi: 03\/06\/2020, Accepted \/ Kabul Tarihi: 26\/08\/2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26791\/sarkiat.747631<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\uf02a Mardin Artuklu \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi, nbeltekin@yahoo.com<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>ORCID ID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6121-2849<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Not: Makalede kullan\u0131lan Almaca kaynaklar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve \u00e7evirisinde de\u011ferli katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Seyitxan Kurij\u2019a te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>orientalists were studied in Berlin, and in particular at the Leibzig Institute for Oriental Studies. The school of Applied Orientalism dominates in Germany at the time of the researches on zazas. This school was based on working to meet the needs of state institutions.This study suggests that Zazas have been transformed into the object of Aryanian engineering by German orientalists , which is made to ensure that the Germans are unique and superior in Europe. For this reason, it is the scientist&#8217;s moral responsibility to base their researchers on the heritage of Zazas, which is exposed to orientalist and assimilationist knowledge production.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Keywords: German Orientalizm, Applied Orientalism, Zazas, Zazak\u00ee, Aryan Engineering<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda metodolojik sorunlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere ba\u015flayan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusunun zorunlu olarak daralt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmada bir makalenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlayan bir\u00e7ok sorun ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>S\u00f6zgelimi;\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmada referans g\u00f6sterilen ilk d\u00f6nem bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun oryantalist olmas\u0131 ihmal edilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n referans olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bilgiler \u00e7o\u011funlukla en az y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait bilgilerdir. Bilimin birikimsel niteli\u011fi ihmal edilerek ve hi\u00e7bir kritik yap\u0131lmadan al\u0131nan bilgiler bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zgelimi y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin dilbilimi ile bug\u00fcn\u00fcn dilbilimi aras\u0131nda hem birikim hem de yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck farklar vard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatalardan biri \u00fcretilen bilginin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 veriye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmeleridir. S\u00f6zgelimi Peter Lerch sadece \u00fc\u00e7, Albert von Le Coq bir Zaza\u2019dan veri toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fal olarak elde edece\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar ne olursa olsun toplad\u0131klar\u0131 veriler ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>\u00c7ok eski metinleri ya da kitabeleri hi\u00e7bir analize tabi tutmadan do\u011frudan referans g\u00f6stermeleridir.<\/div>\n<div>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Zazalar\u0131n kendi miraslar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesi yine yap\u0131lan hatalardan biridir.<\/div>\n<div>Bir T\u00fcrk galat\u0131 olan \u201cK\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kurmanclara tahsis etme\u201d[1]\u00a0 yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tekrar ederek Zazalar\u0131 tarihsiz ve tan\u0131ms\u0131z yapmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ilk\u00e7\u00ee\/\u00f6zc\u00fc milliyet\u00e7ilik teorisi esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Ku\u015fkusuz yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan sorunlar k\u0131sa bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Listeyi uzatmak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapan \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kimli\u011fi ve s\u00f6z konusu kimli\u011fin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na etkileri inceleme konusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kim olduklar\u0131, hangi niyet ve motivasyonlarla b\u00f6lgeye geldi\u011fi ihmal edilmektedir. Oysa bilgi \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde bilgiye n\u00fcfuz etti\u011finden bu \u00f6zellikler ihmal edilemez \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc iki y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r oryantalistler, Kemalistler ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131rma nesnesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen Zazalara ili\u015fkin hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir bilgi birikimi olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. S\u00f6zkonusu birikim Zazalara ili\u015fkin kaynaklarda temel referanslar i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Oysa bilgi ile bilgi \u00fcreten aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkinin saptanmas\u0131 pozitivizm sonras\u0131 bilimsel analizlerde vazge\u00e7ilmez bir esast\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir ifade ile ara\u015ft\u0131rma nesnesine ili\u015fkin bilgi ara\u015ft\u0131ran\u0131n kimli\u011fi ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. Bu nedenle Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n siyasal niteli\u011fi bilginin kriti\u011fini gerektirdi\u011fini hem yeni sosyal bilimler yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 hem de post kolonyal s\u00f6ylem taraf\u0131ndan dile getirilmi\u015ftir.2<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen kaynaklar\u0131n dikkatsiz kullan\u0131m\u0131na bir \u00f6rnek olan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 (!) s\u0131ralayarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini desteklemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r:3<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bu konuda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen bilim adamlar\u0131ndan olan; Robert Gordon Latham (1860), Wilhelm Strecker (1862), Alman \u0130ranolog Freinolog Friedrichvon Spiegel, (1871), Alman \u0130ranolog C. Bartholomoe (1923), Alman W. Lentz (1926), Norve\u00e7li \u0130ranolog G. Morgenstiernne (1927), Ermeni dilbilimci A. Abeeghian (1934), \u0130ngiliz \u0130ranalog H. W. Bailey (1936-50), A. Christensen (1939), Frans\u0131z dilbilimcilerden J. Vendryese E. Benveniste (1952), Alman \u0130ronolog W. B. Hennig (1954), \u0130ranolog \u0130. Gerschvitsch (955),<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Rus \u0130ranolog \u0130. M. Oranski (1960), B. Henning (1954), D.N. MacKenzie (1961\u201395), Alman T\u00fcrkolog ve Altayolog Gerhard D\u00f6rfer (1967), \u0130svi\u00e7reli \u0130ranolog G. Redar (1970), \u0130ngiliz dilbilimci T.M. Johnstone (1970), G. L. Windfuhr (1972), Alman \u0130rolog J. Meyer Lingwersen (1976), C. F. Voegelin (1977), Alman dilbilimcilerden G.F. Meier (1979), \u0130ranolog R.E. Emmerick (1976), Sovyet \u0130ranolog R. L. Cabolov (1981), Slovak dilbilimci<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>J. Genzor (1983), Alman dilbilimci G. Bossong (1985), T. L. Todd (1985; G.S. Asatrian \/ F. Vahman (1987\u201395), \u0130ngiliz \u0130ranolog J. R. Payne (1987), Amerikal\u0131 dilbilimci M.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ruhlen (1987), F.L. Vahmen (1987-95), Hollandal\u0131 \u0130ranolog P. G. Kreyenbroek (199293) (1926), Norve\u00e7li \u0130ronolog G. Morgenstiernne (1927), Ermeni dilbilimci Joyce Blau<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>(1989), P. Lecoq (1989), Amerikal\u0131 dilbilimci C. M. Jacobson (1993\u201397), Jost Gippert (1993\u201396), M. Sandonato (1994) ve Ludwig Paul (1994\u20139), M. Sanndonatono (1994), P. Wurzel (1997) gibi bilim adamlar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, M\u00fcnih \u00dcniversitesi genel bilimcilerin ele ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda Zazaca\u2019n\u0131n kendi ba\u015f\u0131na ayr\u0131 bir dil olarak belirlemi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bu tavr\u0131n bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131da tekrar edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n kim oldu\u011fu, hangi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, analizlerinin verilerini nereden temin etti\u011fi, hangi analiz ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bilimsel niteliklerin kriti\u011fini yapmadan do\u011frudan kullanabilmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da da ifade edildi\u011fi gibi her bir kayna\u011fa ili\u015fkin ele\u015ftirel bir de\u011ferlendirme yapmadan kaynaklar\u0131 ya da ki\u015fileri do\u011frudan kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine destek olarak g\u00f6stermesi bilimsel tutum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yerinde de\u011fildir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazalara ili\u015fkin temel kaynaklar\u0131n ele\u015ftirel bir okumas\u0131 olmas\u0131na inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Alman oryantalistleri \u00f6rne\u011finde ele\u015ftirel bir okuma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda \u00f6ncellikle d\u00f6nemin egemen anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak oryantalizm, Zazalara ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapan Alman oryantalistler ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Zazalara\/Zazacaya ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmi\u015f ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>2-Gulbenkian Komisyonu, Sosyal Bilimleri A\u00e7\u0131n Sosyal Bilimlerin Yeniden Yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 \u00dczerine Rapor<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00c7ev. \u015eirin Tekeli). (\u0130stanbul: Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2012).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein, Sosyal Bilimleri D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek: 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Paradigmalar\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131. (\u0130stanbul: Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i G\u00f6steri Sanatlar\u0131 Toplulu\u011fu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2013).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Antonia Darder, Decolonizing Interpretive Research: A Critical Bicultural Methodology For Social Change. International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 14.2( 2015), 63-77<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>3-Ali Kaya, \u201cTarihte Zazalar ve Zazaca\u201d, ed. Murat Varol, Uluslararas\u0131 Zaza Tarihi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Sempozyumu Bildirileri, (Bing\u00f6l \u00dcniversitesi, 2012), 86.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>1.Bilginin Kolonizasyonu: Oryantalizm<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Oryantalizm, ilk olarak on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Viyana Kilise Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan oryantal dillerin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in bir dizi \u00fcniversitede k\u00fcrs\u00fc kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Oryantalizmi te\u015fvik eden ana itici g\u00fcc\u00fc, ticaret, rekabet ve askeri \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r. Bu saiklerle yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir oryantalist literat\u00fcr biriktirdi. Edward Said, \u201cAvrupa\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu ile ilgili siyasi, sosyal ve iktisadi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 y\u0131ll\u0131k akademik ve edebi literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc inceleyerek, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu ilgisini \u015farkiyat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ya da oryantalizm olarak teorile\u015ftirdi.(2)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Oryantalizm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ayr\u0131larak incelenmektedir. [3]\u00a0 Birinci d\u00f6nemde daha \u00e7ok dini saiklerle \u00f6zellikle dini polemik i\u00e7in ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 mutlak bir \u00f6nyarg\u0131yla yap\u0131lan bilgilenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n bir din olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra ba\u015flay\u0131p R\u00f6nesans ve Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019ya kadar olan s\u00fcreyi kapsamaktad\u0131r. \u0130kinci d\u00f6nemde Do\u011fu dilleri \u00f6zellikle de Arap\u00e7aya ilginin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kur\u2019an terc\u00fcmelerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bilimsel bir disiplin ile yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer bir ifade ile bilimle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Bu d\u00f6nem R\u00f6nesans ve Ayd\u0131nlanma ile ba\u015flay\u0131p 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fi kadar devam etmektedir. Oryantalizm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nemi ise genel anlamda 1830\u2019dan sonra, yani Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerdeki kolonyal faaliyetlerinin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemle ba\u015flay\u0131p, II. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131na dek devam eder.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Said, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu bilme motivasyonunu onun siyasi, sosyal ve iktisadi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. Said bilgi ile iktidar aras\u0131ndaki Foucultyan a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 Do\u011fuBat\u0131 ili\u015fkisi ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemi\u015ftir. Ona g\u00f6re oryantalist bilgi ve s\u00f6ylem do\u011frudan Avrupa iktidar\u0131n\u0131n izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleridir. Foucaultyan ifade ile iktidar\u0131n bilgi ve s\u00f6yleme yerle\u015fmesidir. Foucault\u2019a g\u00f6re kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bilgi \u00fcretenler kendileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki gruplar\u0131 nesneler halinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu bilgi onlar\u0131n iktidar olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u0130ktidar olanlar di\u011fer gruplar\u0131 \u00f6tekile\u015ftirir ve d\u00fczeni sa\u011flama ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda onlar\u0131 sistemli g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131nda tutar. (4)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Oryantalist yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n egemen karakterinde; \u201cDo\u011fulu\u201d mant\u0131ks\u0131z, ahlaks\u0131z, g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r, \u00e7ocuksu ve \u201cfark\u201dl\u0131d\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Avrupal\u0131, \u201cakl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda, erdemli, olgun ve normal\u201ddir. Bu \u015fekilde d\u00fczenli, tutarl\u0131 ve istikrarl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir Do\u011fu ve Do\u011fulu yarat\u0131lmak istenmi\u015ftir.[5] Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu bilgi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 gidermek \u00fczere yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara bir\u00e7ok dini ve etnik grup konu edilmi\u015ftir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6zel misyonlarla b\u00f6lgeye gelmi\u015f asker, diplomat, bilim adam\u0131 ve misyoner gibi ki\u015filerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Zazalar da yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u00fczy\u0131l oryantalist bilgi \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecine maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[6][7] \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgi \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin akt\u00f6rleri s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin ke\u015fif kolu olan oryantalistler ya da ink\u00e2r ve asimilasyoncu Kemalistler ya da onlar\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi bilgileri esas alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lard\u0131r.[8][9] \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalarda a\u00e7\u0131k ya da gizil bir \u015fekilde ama\u00e7 ve niyetleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara, K\u00fcrtlere ve T\u00fcrklere ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda kas\u0131tl\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f, eksik ve pejoratif ifadelere rastlamak s\u0131radand\u0131r.[10]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Bat\u0131-d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin biriken b\u00fcy\u00fck bir literat\u00fcrden de bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yukar\u0131daki s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen y\u00fckl\u00fc bilginin yan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli derleme ve eski eserlerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bilimle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinden sonra oryantalistlerin kayda de\u011fer analitik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Oryantalizmle ba\u015flayan ve modern sosyal bilimlerle kurumsalla\u015fan Bat\u0131-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bilgisi art\u0131k bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda tedav\u00fcldedir. Bu durumda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar s\u00f6zkonusu bilimsel bilgi ile ili\u015fkisini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde belirlemesi bir zorunluluk olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Aksi durumda kullan\u0131lan bilgiler, tan\u0131m ve de\u011ferlendirmeler problemli bilginin tahkimini ve yeniden \u00fcretilmesine yard\u0131m edecektir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bilim insan\u0131 olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131da Bat\u0131l\u0131ya rastlanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman \u201cAlman Filolog\u201d gibi sadece uyru\u011fu ve bilim alan\u0131 verilen ki\u015filere ait ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir bilgi verilmemekte, tezini i\u015fledi\u011fi eserinden bahsedilmemektedir. Oysa akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda referans g\u00f6sterilen ki\u015fi ve tezleri ile beraber, analitik bir \u015fekilde incelenmesi akademik disiplin i\u00e7in bir gerekliliktir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Referans g\u00f6sterilen ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u011fu 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n belli \u00fcniversitelerinin Do\u011fu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerdir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 1850\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na kadar olan d\u00f6nmede yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir ifade referans g\u00f6sterilen kaynaklar ile eski eserlerdir. Onlar\u0131n hem eserlerine hem farkl\u0131 dillerde yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Fakat s\u00f6zkonusu eserlerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu bug\u00fcn internet sitelerinden bile ula\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[11] Zazalara ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu bu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubu olan Almanlar taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alanyaz\u0131nda birincil kaynaklardan yararlanarak ele\u015ftirel bir \u015fekilde bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 inceleyen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. Oysa Zazalar \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n kimli\u011fini, e\u011fitim ve yetkinli\u011fini Zazalar\u0131n bilmesi de bir hak ve Zazalar \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve akademisyenler i\u00e7in de bir \u00f6devdir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>2.Alman Oryantalizminin Aryanl\u0131k M\u00fchendisli\u011fi<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bug\u00fcn Zazalara ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda referans g\u00f6sterilen bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Alman olmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7tir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na kadar olan d\u00f6nem aras\u0131nda eserlerini veren s\u00f6z konusu bilim insanlar\u0131 kaynaklarda Alman oryantalist olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla Liepzig ve Berlin Do\u011fu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda e\u011fitim alan ki\u015filer olmas\u0131 durumu ayr\u0131ca ilgin\u00e7 hale getirmektedir.\u00a0 Alman oryantalizminin tarihsel ser\u00fcveni Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Frans\u0131z, \u0130ngiliz ve Hollanda gibi emperyal oryantalizminden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddia edilmektedir.[12] Asl\u0131nda bu ayr\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin \u0130ngiliz oryantalist William Jones\u2019in Sanskrit\u00e7e ile ilgili olarak 1786\u2019da sarf etti\u011fi s\u00f6zler ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Jones, Sanskrit\u00e7e ile Latince ve Yunanca aras\u0131nda kuvvetli ba\u011flar kuruyor ve dilin zengin ve ari bir dil oldu\u011funu ifade ediyordu. Bu durum 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerini Hint ve \u0130ran\u2019da bulmak i\u00e7in \u0131rk ve dil \u00fczerine bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n da yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 neden oldu.[13]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fuya ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n \u0131rklar\u0131 ve dilleri tan\u0131mland\u0131. S\u00f6zgelimi Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n \u0131rklar\u0131 \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k beyazlar\u201d ve \u201ckoyu beyazlar\u201d olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Yunanlar, \u0130talyanlar, Frans\u0131zlar koyu beyaz olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken Almanlar ve \u0130skandinavyal\u0131lar ise a\u00e7\u0131k ten i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirildi. Benzer \u015fekilde Avrupa dilleri de \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplara ayr\u0131ld\u0131.[14] Alman oryantalist Friedrich Schlegel Almancan\u0131n da i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu Hint-Germen dil ailesini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in Aryan terimini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve ge\u00e7erlilik kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu \u00e7abas\u0131 ile Schlegel, Alman gen\u00e7li\u011fini Aryan \u0131rk\u0131 miti ile yo\u011furmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. Sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131lda Almanlar i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011furacak geli\u015fmelerin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olan bu ilgi[15] Alman oryantalizminin temel u\u011fra\u015flar\u0131ndan birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.[16]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Germana, Alman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde ve edebiyat\u0131nda Do\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin onsekizinci ve ondokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmesi ile \u00e7ok say\u0131da Alman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn, Alman ulusal kimli\u011fini klasik veya \u201coccidental\u201d\u0131n aksine \u201coryantal\u201d olarak tasarlamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki kurmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu durumun, Alman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinin Bat\u0131 Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n egemen g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile de\u011fil, Do\u011fu ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmelerine neden oldu\u011funu ve<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Almanlar\u0131n kendi kendini \u00f6tekile\u015ftirdiklerini ifade etmektedir.[17]\u00a0 S\u00f6zgelimi Adam M\u00fcller (1806)\u2019in Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n benzersizli\u011fini ve \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak i\u00e7in Alman K\u00fclt\u00fcr&#8217;\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cYunan\u201d olan Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131n aksine \u201cAsyal\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu ilan etti.[18]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Benzer bir \u00e7aba Friederich Schlegel\u2019de de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.\u00a0 Schlegel, Do\u011fu ve Alman k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gelenekleri aras\u0131nda daha derin bir ba\u011flant\u0131, hatta bir yak\u0131nl\u0131k oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.\u00a0 Bu ba\u011flamda bir mitoloji projesi kapsam\u0131nda Hindistan ile ilgilendi.\u00a0 Ona g\u00f6re H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k da dahil olmak \u00fczere modern Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin mitolojik geleneklerden ilham almas\u0131 gerekiyordu. \u201cYeni mitolojinin do\u011fu\u015funu h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in,\u201d di\u011fer mitolojilerin de onlar\u0131n derinliklerine, g\u00fczelliklerine ve formlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeniden uyarlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Schlegel arkada\u015f\u0131 Ludwig Tieck&#8217;e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektupta, \u201c\u0130\u015fte t\u00fcm dilin kayna\u011f\u0131 burada\u201d diye \u00f6vg\u00fcde bulundu, \u201ct\u00fcm fikirler ve insan ruhunun tarihi; her \u015fey, her \u015fey istisnas\u0131z Hindistan&#8217;da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u201d\u00a0 \u00a0demektedir.[19]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Schlegel Do\u011fu ile kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkiyi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile de destekledi. Ona g\u00f6re Hindistan&#8217;dan \u0130ran, Hazar Denizi yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeye ve Kafkaslar\u2019a do\u011fru hareket eden devasa bir g\u00f6\u00e7men grubun nihayetinde \u0130skandinavya ve kuzey-orta Avrupa&#8217;da bir vatan bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.\u00a0 Ku\u015fkusuz Schlegel\u2019in b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesini sa\u011flayan ve g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn kan\u0131t\u0131 kadar \u00f6nemli olan dillerin, dinlerin ve kahramanca efsanelerin \u201ctan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u201d incelenmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, Hint ve Alman siyasi kurumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda alg\u0131lanan benzerlikti. Alman halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen ve feodalizmin temelini olu\u015fturan orta\u00e7a\u011f siyasi yap\u0131lar\u0131 arg\u00fcman olarak kulland\u0131. Schlegel, bu sistemin asaletinin Alman kabilelerinin barbar vah\u015filer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine modern Avrupa medeniyetinin kurucular\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir kan\u0131t\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc.[20]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi di\u011fer Avrupal\u0131 devletlerin aksine Almanlar Do\u011fulu k\u00f6kenlerini Avrupa\u2019daki benzersizlik ve \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin bir kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmekteydiler. Fakat Almanlar\u0131n Do\u011fu ilgisi ve onlara ili\u015fkin bilgi \u00fcretme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin y\u00fckl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Said\u2019in ifade etti\u011fi gibi Do\u011fu asl\u0131nda yeknesak ve tekil de\u011fil iken Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendini in\u015fa ederken dikatomik olarak kurdu\u011fu bir kategoridir. Bu anlamda hakikati tan\u0131mlanan Do\u011fu de\u011fil arzulanan (isti\u015frak edilen) Do\u011fu\u2019dur. Di\u011fer bir ifade ile Do\u011fu, Almanlar\u0131n Avrupal\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7indeki konumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn ve benzersiz olarak g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in di\u011fer bir ifade ile arzular\u0131\/ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yeniden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>3.Uygulamal\u0131 Oryantalizm (Angewandte Orientalistik)<\/div>\n<div>Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda referans g\u00f6sterilen Alman oryantalistlerin \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerin biri Almanya\u2019da uygulamal\u0131 oryantalizmin ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n egemen oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.[21]\u00a0 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan (1850\u2019den sonra) itibaren de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan Almanya\u2019da oryantalizm i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olan uygulamal\u0131 oryantalizmin ak\u0131m\u0131 ile birlikte sadece bilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda yararl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi de esas al\u0131narak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.22\u00a0 Nitekim Ta\u015f\u2019\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi oryantalistler art\u0131k sadece bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme yapm\u0131yor onlar ayn\u0131 zamanda bazen \u00f6nemli kademdeki devlet memuru, bazen de h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bir bakan\u0131 olarak devlet politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ve siyasetini y\u00f6nlendiren ve y\u00f6neten ki\u015filer olabiliyorlard\u0131.[22]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>1886-87\u2019de Berlin\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan F\u00fcr Oryatalische Sprachen, kontenjanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 alanlara g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk s\u00f6mestrde 108 \u00f6\u011frenci kabul eden F\u00fcr Oryatalische Sprachen, diplomaside \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere 44 hukuk, ekonomi i\u00e7in 26 ve \u00f6\u011fretmen ve bilim insan\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmek \u00fczere 38 kay\u0131t yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu d\u00f6nemde bir\u00e7ok kurulu\u015f da oryantal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ile ilgilenmi\u015f ve oryantal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar mezunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zgelimi Wilhem Almanya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli emperyalist k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurulu\u015fu Deutsch-Or\u0131ent Gesellschaft (DOG) bunlardan biridir. \u00d6zellikle Do\u011funun arkeolojik hazinelerini bulmak ve kaz\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00f6netmekten sorumludur.\u00a0 Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda referans g\u00f6sterilen Alman oryantalistler de Prusya ve Alman devletinin hizmetinde g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[23]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Wilhelm Strecker ve Otto Blau, Friedrich von Spiegel, C. Bartholomoe, Alber Von Le Coq, Oskar Mann ve Karl Hadank Alman oryantalist ve dilbilimcinin<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazalar \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir.[24] 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan bu ilgi bug\u00fcne dek devam etmesi (Ludwing Paul, J.Gippet) Almanlar\u0131n Zazalara olan ilgisini daha ilgin\u00e7 hale getirmektedir. \u0130lk ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n unvanlar\u0131 kaynaklarda oryantalist olarak ge\u00e7mekte daha sonraki y\u0131llarda ise giderek adlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlerine \u0130ranolog ve dilbilimci gibi ifadeler getirilmektedir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kaynaklarda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Wilhelm Strecker\u2019in Dersimin P\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcr il\u00e7esinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n Otto Blau (1828-1879) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir. Wilhelm Strecker hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla bilgiye ula\u015f\u0131lamamakla birlikte Blau\u2019ya ait daha \u00e7ok kayna\u011fa rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Blau, Do\u011fu dilleri, teoloji ve felsefe okuduktan sonra Prusya devletinin hizmetine girmi\u015f \u0130stanbul, Bosna, Rusya gibi yerlerde el\u00e7i ya da konsolos olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Prusya devletinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle ticaretinin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ege, Akdeniz, Ermenistan gibi yerlere bilgi gezileri yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 S\u00f6zgelimi Sinop\u2019tan \u0130ran i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gezi bunlardan biridir.[25]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ge\u00e7en di\u011fer bir Alman da Friedrich von Spiegel (18201905)\u2019dir. E\u011fitimini Erlangen ve Leipzig \u00dcniversitelerinde \u00f6nce teoloji daha sonra da Do\u011fu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcniversiter yap\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etmi\u015f ve daha \u00e7ok \u0130ran \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok Avesta ve Pehleviceye yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Spiegel \u0130ran ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile bilinen Friedrich Carl Andreas, Christian Bartholomae, Wilhelm Geiger ve Philipp Keiper bilim adamlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.[26]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Christian Bartholomae (1855-1925), \u0130ran ve Hint-Avrupa konular\u0131na ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak M\u00fcnih ve Erlangen \u00dcniversitelerinde klasik dillerini okumu\u015ftur. Friedrich von Spiegel&#8217;tan dersler alm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra Sanskrit\u00e7e ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 filolojiyi incelemek i\u00e7in o zamanlar dilbilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z merkezi olan Leipzig \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;ne gitmi\u015ftir.[27]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0130slam Ansikolopedisi, Albert Von Le Coq (1860-1930)\u2019u arkeolog ve T\u00fcrkolog olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r.29 Frans\u0131z as\u0131ll\u0131 olan Le Coq din sava\u015flar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Fransay\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kalan Protestan bir ailenin o\u011flu olarak Berlin\u2019de do\u011fdu. E\u011fitimini \u00f6nce Berlin&#8217;deki Frans\u0131z lisesini bitirdi, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri&#8217;nde t\u0131p okudu ve tahsilini 1887&#8217;de tamamlad\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n mesle\u011fi hep ikinci planda kald\u0131. Museum f\u00fcr V\u00f6lkerkunde\u2019de g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Berlin\u2019in \u00fcnl\u00fc oryantal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 merkezi olan Seminar f\u00fcr Orientalische Sprachen\u2019e devam etti. Almanlar\u2019\u0131n Mezopotamya ve Asia Minor\u2019de yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kaz\u0131lara kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada \u00e7e\u015fitli derlemeler yapt\u0131. \u0130skenderun, Beyrut ve \u015eam\u2019a ge\u00e7erek koleksiyonunu geni\u015fletti. Derlemelerini daha sonra Kurdische Texte ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nlad\u0131 ve kitab\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kendisine Kiel \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden felsefe doktoru unvan\u0131 verildi.30<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Oskar Mann (1867-1917), Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda en fazla referans g\u00f6sterilen<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Alman oryantalistlerden biridir. Bir saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 olarak, 1901-1907 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kraliyet Prusya Bilimler Akademisi ad\u0131na Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu&#8217;ya iki ke\u015fif gezisi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk yolculukta tif\u00fcse yakalanan Oskar Mann, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba ile Berlin&#8217;e d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, o zaman bas\u0131nda \u00e7ok iyi kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mparator bile ona ihsanlarda bulundu ve profes\u00f6rl\u00fck unvan\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda derlemeler ve ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131 (K\u00fcrt\u00e7e \u015fark\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131 dahil) yapt\u0131, elyazma eserler toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eserler Berlin-Brandenburg<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bilimler Akademisi ar\u015fivinde yer almaktad\u0131r.[28] Zazalara ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Siverek ve K\u00fbr a\u011fz\u0131na ili\u015fkin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 derlemelerdir. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Karl Hadank onun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak \u00fczere g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan oryantalistlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Leipzig Oryantal \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalarda ders alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alman oryantalizminin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131ndan biri Indology dedikleri \u00f6zellikle Aryanlar ve modern \u0130ran Dilleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri idi. Alman oryantalizminin Berlin, Hamburg, Liepzig, Bonn gibi \u00f6nemli merkezleri vard\u0131. Alan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen en \u00fcretken ve prestijli oryantalistleri e\u011fitimlerini Liepzig\u2019in de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu yukar\u0131da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en merkezlerde alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Liepzig \u00f6zellikle diller ve ancient world \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.32\u00a0 Leipzig \u00dcniversitesi Do\u011fu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (Geschichte der Universit\u00e4t Leipzig) 1409\u2019dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze s\u00fcren bir tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015finin oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir. Do\u011fu Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IOS) uzun ve ilgin\u00e7 bir tarihe sahiptir. Johann Christian Clodius&#8217;un (d. 1745) Arap dilinin ilk profes\u00f6r\u00fc oldu\u011fu 1728 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. Daha sonra Johann Jakob Reiske\u2019nin (1774) filolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dayanarak<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Arap Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131. Asur Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 uzman\u0131 meslekta\u015f\u0131 Heinrich<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zimmern (d. 1931) ile birlikte, Filoloji alan\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcne sahip bir enstit\u00fc haline gelen &#8220;Semitistic Institute&#8221;yi kurdular.[29]\u00a0 Bu \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre\u00e7 hakl\u0131 olarak onu oryantalist \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bug\u00fcn Zazalara dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en ki\u015filerin neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fc bu enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn rahle-i tedrisinden ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>4.Alman Oryantalistlerinin Zazaca\u2019ya \u0130li\u015fkin \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeleri<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Alman oryantalistlerinin Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu dil \u00fczerinedir. Zazalara ili\u015fkin arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu dilden yola \u00e7\u0131karak yapmaktad\u0131rlar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Karl Hadank d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 derleme ya da \u0130ran\u00ee dillere ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan analizlerde Zazaca, ara c\u00fcmlelerde ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ku\u015fkusuz bu derlemler bug\u00fcn de de\u011ferini korumaktad\u0131r. Karl Hadank\u2019\u0131n analizleri ise neredeyse y\u00fcz yirmi y\u0131l \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani y\u00fcz yirmi y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin bilimsel birikimi ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Almanlar\u0131n Do\u011fuya y\u00f6neli\u015flerinin belirleyen temel motivasyonlardan da hali de\u011fildir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazaca\u2019ya ili\u015fkin ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yapan Rusya Bilimler Akademisi ad\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Alman Peter I. Lerch\u2019tir. Lerch her ne kadar Alman bir aileden olsa da Rusya\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f ve Rus oryantalist gelene\u011fi ile yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. Lerch\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bir derleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131nda Siwan\/Kasanl\u0131 baz\u0131 sava\u015f esirlerinden toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hik\u00e2yeler Zazaca\u2019n\u0131n ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Fakat Lerch toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 materyale ili\u015fkin herhangi bir dilbilimsel analiz yapmaz ve derlemesini 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus\u00e7a ve Almanca olarak yay\u0131nlar.[30]\u00a0 Avusturya Bilimler Akademisi \u00fcyesi Friedrich M\u00fcller (1834-1898)\u2019in Lerch\u2019in metinleriyle 1864 de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 dilbilimsel incelemeler yapar[31] ve Zazacan\u0131n belirgin bir \u015fekilde eski \u0130rani dillerin \u00f6zelliklerine sahip oldu\u011funu\u00a0 ileri s\u00fcrer.[32]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Albert von Le Coq, Zazacaya ili\u015fkin materyalini \u015eam\u2019da ya\u015fayan \u00c7ermik\u2019li bir Zaza\u2019dan toplanm\u0131\u015f ve 1901 de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, fakat dilbilimsel analizini yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.37 Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Lecoq\u2019u arkeolog ve dilbilimci olarak tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[33]\u00a0 Oysa Le Coq ayn\u0131 zamanda Alman k\u00fclt\u00fcr emperyalizminin \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir. \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hazinelerine y\u00f6nelik 1902-1914 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Alman Turfan seferlerinin \u00f6nemli akt\u00f6rlerinden biridir. S\u00f6zgelimi Berlin Etnoloji M\u00fczesi&#8217;nin m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Albert Gr\u00fcnwedel\u2019in ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7in\/Sincan&#8217;daki Turfan&#8217;a yap\u0131lan d\u00f6rt sefer, Le Coq taraf\u0131ndan organize edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Le Coq Mesopotamya ve Asia Minor\u2019e de seferler d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgeye dair bir\u00e7ok tarihi eser Alman m\u00fczelerine bu \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[34]\u00a0 Anla\u015f\u0131lan Le Coq seferlerinde dilsel malzeme de toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazalara ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda kendisinden en fazla s\u00f6z ettiren Oskar Mann\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6revlendirilmesine ili\u015fkin Marchand, Mann\u2019\u0131n 1900\u2019da Alman Demiryollar\u0131 yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fini belirtmektedir. Berlin-Ba\u011fdat demiryolunu projesini y\u00fcr\u00fcten Alman Demiryollar\u0131, hatt\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgesinin baz\u0131 yerle\u015fimleri boyunca uzanmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bir bilim insan\u0131 istihdam etme gere\u011fi duymu\u015ftur. Bu i\u015f i\u00e7in K\u00fcrt leh\u00e7eleri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Oskar Mann \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir. Mann\u2019a bu sayede iki y\u0131ll\u0131k bir gezi i\u00e7in Demiryollar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan finansal destek sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.40\u00a0 Bu g\u00f6revlendirme Mann\u2019\u0131n ilk gezisidir. \u0130kinci gezi ise \u201cPrusya Bilimler Akademisi taraf\u0131ndan Bat\u0131 \u0130rani dillerinin dok\u00fcmantasyonu ve gramatik analizi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[35] Mann, uygulamal\u0131 oryantalizm d\u00f6neminin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131ndan biri olarak yararl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi kapsam\u0131nda bu g\u00f6revleri icra etmi\u015f ve bu geziler s\u0131ras\u0131nda K\u00fcrt\u00e7enin leh\u00e7elerine ili\u015fkin materyal toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mann dil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 1901-1903 tarihleri aras\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f ve Kurdisch Persisch Forschungen ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile 1906-1910 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rt cilt olarak yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[36]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Mann\u2019\u0131n Zazaca ve Goraniye ili\u015fkin kanaati de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ona g\u00f6re Zazacan\u0131n Orta Fars\u00e7an\u0131n kuzey leh\u00e7esindeki t\u00fcm tuhaf fiil \u00e7ekimleri Zazaca\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.[37] Bu iddias\u0131 ile sonraki Alman ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larda kesintisiz bir \u015fekilde devam eden Zazaca\u2019y\u0131 kuzeybat\u0131 \u0130rani dillerin i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcreci de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazacan\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Siverek ve K\u00fbr (Bing\u00f6l) a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin derlemeler yapan Mann, materyaline ili\u015fkin herhangi bir analiz yapmadan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Karl Hadank g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir. Karl Hadank\u2019\u0131n da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gramer 1932\u2019de Leipzig\u2019de kitap olarak yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[38]\u00a0 Karl Hadank, Oskar Mann\u2019dan devr ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Zazacan\u0131n ve Goraninin \u0130rani diller i\u00e7erisindeki yerine ili\u015fkin iddias\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 ile tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle ifade etmi\u015ftir:45<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bununla son on y\u0131l boyunca \u00fcst \u00fcste denedi\u011fim, belki de kolleksiyonun en zor konusu, belli bir dereceye kadar tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gramatik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdiye kadar hi\u00e7 kimsenin incelemedi\u011fi bu kuzeybat\u0131 \u0130rani dilin gramatik a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirmeyi ba\u015farabildim. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen Zazaca cildi III. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn en \u00f6nemlisi olarak say\u0131labilir.\u201d Hadank\u2019\u0131n gramer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 K\u00fcrdolog Prof. Qanat\u00ea Kurdo 1975\u2019te tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 L\u00eager\u00eena Zaza adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda dilbilimsel a\u00e7\u0131ndan kritik eder.\u00a0 Kurdo, fonetik, morfoloj ve sentaks gibi dilbilim kriterleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Zazaca, Kurmanca ve Soranca aras\u0131nda fark olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kte bulu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131 saptamaktad\u0131r.[39]\u00a0 Yine Malmisanij\u2019\u0131n Kurmancca \u0130le Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 K\u0131rmancca (Zazaca) Dilbilgisi adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla Kurmancca ve Zazaca gramer, s\u00f6zc\u00fck ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, fonoloji, c\u00fcmle kurulu\u015fu a\u00e7\u0131dan birbirlerinden farkl\u0131 gruplarda say\u0131lacak kadar farkl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aksine ortak y\u00f6nlerinin daha fazla oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir.[40]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>J. Gippet ve L. Paul gibi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z olan Alman dilbilimciler Alman oryantalistlerinin Zazacan\u0131n \u0130rani diller i\u00e7erisindeki konumuna ili\u015fkin kanaatlerini yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile devam ettirmektedirler. S\u00f6zgelimi Gippert 1996\u2019da \u0130rani dillerinin tarihsel geli\u015fimini g\u00f6steren bir soya\u011fac\u0131 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[41]\u00a0 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 uzun bir gerek\u00e7e ile desteklemi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Zazacan\u0131n ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7e olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurmancca Bat\u0131\u0130ranKuzeybat\u0131\u0130ran-Part\u00e7a olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Gippet hi\u00e7bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmadan ve gerek\u00e7e sunmadan 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soya\u011fac\u0131nda ise Zazaca ve Kurmancan\u0131n yeri de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, Kurmanca g\u00fcneybat\u0131da Zazaca ise kuzeybat\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.[42]\u00a0 \u00a0Benzer \u015fekilde Paul da Bat\u0131 \u0130rani diller \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan tarihsel fonoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Zazakinin Gorani, Azari ve Tale\u015fi&#8217;nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Bat\u0131-\u0130ran leh\u00e7elerinin &#8216;en kuzey&#8217;i&#8217; aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir.[43]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Almanlar\u0131n Zazacay\u0131 kuzeybat\u0131ya alma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ku\u015fkusuz anlams\u0131z de\u011fildir. Prof. Qanat\u00ea Kurdo\u2019nun analizlerini dikkate alarak Zazacan\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli kriterlerin \u00e7o\u011funu Kurmancan\u0131n da sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Asl\u0131nda \u0130rani dillerin akrabal\u0131klar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile t\u00fcm \u0130rani diller aras\u0131nda benzerlikler ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunabilir. Burada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n dilbilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 korpuslar\u0131n \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Nitekim Qanat\u00ea Kurdo, Kurmancca ile Zazacan\u0131n Hadank\u2019\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7abak\u00e7ur, Siwerek a\u011f\u0131z \u00f6rneklerine Batum\u2019dan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri de ekleyerek, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00e7ok benzerlikler saptam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Burada Almanlar\u0131n M\u00fcllerden ba\u015flayan ve bug\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f dilbilimciler taraf\u0131ndan devam ettirilen \u00e7izginin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi \u201cAlmanl\u0131k duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kuzey \u0130ran, Schlegel\u2019nin bahsetti\u011fi Almanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck tarihsel g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin g\u00fczergah\u0131 ve konaklar\u0131ndan biridir. Di\u011fer bir ifade ile Kuzey \u0130ran halklar\u0131 Almanlar ile akraba olmaktad\u0131rlar. Zazaca ve Gorani\u2019de bulduklar\u0131 eski \u0130ran dillerinin baz\u0131 formlar\u0131 dillere kadimlik kazand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zellik Almanlar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki \u00fcst\u00fcn ve benzersizlik iddialar\u0131na hizmet etmektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u0130rani bir halk olarak K\u00fcrtlerin (Kurmaclar ve Soranlar kastedilerek) de Kuzeye al\u0131nmamas\u0131 Aryanl\u0131\u011fa halel getirmesinden dolay\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Alman yazar Karl May\u2019\u0131n hi\u00e7bir K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fc tan\u0131madan ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerleri g\u00f6rmeden 1892 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cVah\u015fi K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan Ge\u00e7i\u015f\u201d kitab\u0131 K\u00fcrtlere ili\u015fkin Alman alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz bir \u015fekilde etkilemi\u015ftir. Alman Heinrich B\u00f6ll Stiftung Derne\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye temsilcisi Ulrike Dufner\u2019in 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanlara y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 bug\u00fcn bile s\u00f6zkonusu etkiyi g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir:[44]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Art\u0131k itiraf edelim. T\u00fcrkiye, Suriye, \u0130ran ve Irak\u2019taki K\u00fcrtleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde akl\u0131m\u0131za ilk gelen, Karl May\u2019dan beslenen vah\u015fi K\u00fcrdistan kli\u015feleri: \u0130ktidar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015firetlere dayanan, birden fazla kad\u0131nla evlenen, namus cinayeti i\u015fleyen \u015falvarl\u0131 erkekler. Ezilen K\u00fcrt kad\u0131n\u0131 sadece K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015fuyor ve okuma-yazma bilmiyor.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bu nedenle Alman alg\u0131s\u0131nda K\u00fcrtl\u00fck \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ve benzersizli\u011fe kaynakl\u0131k te\u015fkil edecek bir kategori olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir. Benzer dilsel \u00f6zelliklere kar\u015f\u0131n Zazaca Kuzey\u2019e Kurmanca G\u00fcneyde g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Bunun dilbilimsel arg\u00fcmanlarla desteklenen bir Aryanl\u0131k m\u00fchendisli\u011fi oldu\u011fu a\u015fikard\u0131r. 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Alman milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ile beraber d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Zazaca ve Goraninin Aryan m\u00fchendisli\u011finin nesnelerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha kolay anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazalar yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r \u00f6zellikle oryantalistlerin, Kemalistlerin ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 sosyal bilimcilerin ara\u015ft\u0131rma nesnesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6zel misyonlarla b\u00f6lgeye gelmi\u015f asker, diplomat, misyoner ve bilim adamlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n temel amac\u0131 bilgiye ihtiya\u00e7 duyan iktidarlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakt\u0131r. Bu durumda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan alan\u0131n bilgisi iktidar\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kolonize edilir. S\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcre\u00e7te hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir bilgi birikimi \u00fcretildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse bu durumun sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in bir risk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda kullanacaklar\u0131 bilgi kolonyal bir bilgidir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>K\u00fcrdoloji alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n oryantalistleri bilim adam\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 referans almas\u0131 yeni de\u011fildir ve olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.[45]\u00a0 Bu tav\u0131rlar\u0131nda bilim kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir etkendir. Ayd\u0131nlanma ideolojisinin bilim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan pozitivizmin uzun y\u0131llar tek bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131m olmas\u0131, bilimsel y\u00f6ntemlerle elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kesin ve do\u011fru olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Oryantalistlerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 veri ve bilgileri ile \u00fcrettikleri genelde b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrtler \u00f6zelde Zazalar i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fmez bilimsel ger\u00e7ekler olarak anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk Modernle\u015fmesi s\u00fcrecinde; Dr. Fri\u00e7 olay\u0131nda[46] ve T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi ink\u00e2r ve asimilasyon[47] i\u00e7in bir depolitizasyon arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her iki \u00f6rnekte de Avrupal\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n referanslar\u0131 ile K\u00fcrtlerin\/Zazalar\u0131n T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tezi i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Oysa her bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada kullan\u0131lan bilimsel paradigma, y\u00f6ntem ve kullan\u0131lan veriler ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 konu bir ba\u015fka bilimsel paradigma, y\u00f6ntem ve veri ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir. Kald\u0131 ki dilbiliminin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131nda pozitivizm son derece zordur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir kelimenin onlarca formunun olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kald\u0131 ki uzun bir tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te bir dilin geli\u015fimi ancak tahmin edilebilir. Nitekim Gippert Zazacan\u0131n tarihsel geli\u015fimini neredeyse d\u00f6rt bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmektedir:[48]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bug\u00fcn konu\u015fulan \u0130ran dilleri gibi Zaza dili de Orta \u0130ranca\u2019ya kadar geri gidiyor. Bu bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce demek. Bu bin y\u0131l boyunca tarihsel olarak Zazaca geli\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Zaza daha da ileri gidiyor, ayr\u0131ca 2000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 3000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce veya 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce (eski \u0130ran) \u00f6n a\u015famalar\u0131 vard\u0131. Tarihsel anlamda s\u00fcrekli bir geli\u015fme oldu. (\u2026\u2026.) Dilbilim sadece Zazacaya en yak\u0131n akraba dilin Antik \u00e7a\u011flarda kullan\u0131lan Part\u00e7a olabilece\u011fini tahmin ediyor.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Yukar\u0131da Gippert\u2019in c\u00fcmlesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi uzun tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fi empirik bir \u015fekilde incelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle ancak tahmin edilebilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n baz\u0131 Zaza ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Oryantalistlerin ya da Bat\u0131l\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel saptamalar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlarken \u201cispat etti\u201d, \u201ckan\u0131tlad\u0131\u201d gibi kat\u0131 pozitivist bir dil kullanmaktad\u0131r.[49]\u00a0 \u00a0Oysa yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z edildi\u011fi gibi Gippert \u0130rani dillerin soya\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 belli bir s\u00fcre sonra de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Yine daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Zazacan\u0131n K\u00fcrt\u00e7eden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir dil oldu\u011funu ifade eden Paul, 2020\u2019de verdi\u011fi bir seminerde Zazacan\u0131n Kurdi bir dil oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir.[50]\u00a0 Bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda yap\u0131lan saptamalar di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazalara ili\u015fkin bilginin oryantalist niteli\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in daha da uyar\u0131c\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc\u00a0 bilgi ilgili oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi iktidar\u0131n isti\u015fraklar\u0131\/arzular\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda tan\u0131mlar. Do\u011fal olarak incelenen ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe bir m\u00fcdahaledir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bu sorunun giderilmesi i\u00e7in fark\u0131ndal\u0131k sahibi olmas\u0131 son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zazalara ili\u015fkin bilginin tarihsel arkaplan\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 ile ilgili bir de\u015fifre ve yeniden kurmay\u0131 da beraberinde getirmektedir. Do\u011fal olarak bu durum bilimsel olarak yeni bir konumlamay\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bilimselli\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 temele yaslanmak durumundad\u0131r:58\u00a0 Ontoloji, epistemoloji ve metodoloji. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 temelden yoksun bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bilimselli\u011fi \u00fcniversiter yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00fcretilseler bile sorunlu oldu\u011fu ihmal edilmemelidir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki sosyal bilimlerin tarihsel in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n modernist ve bat\u0131c\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131, acil politik ihtiya\u00e7lar gibi d\u0131\u015fsal fakt\u00f6rler hem bilimin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 hem de bilimsel bilgi \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini s\u00f6z konusu fakt\u00f6rlere kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lgan yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum bilimsel bilginin \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6zellikle ontolojik temelden yoksun bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131n ontolojik temeli i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 Zazalara ili\u015fkin bilgi alan\u0131n\u0131n kolonizasyonu ile sonu\u00e7lanan oryantalist, Kemalist ve bu \u00e7izgiyi devam ettiren Avrupa merkezli modern sosyal bilimlerin y\u00fckl\u00fc bilgisinin kritik bir okumas\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer ifade ile bilginin dekolonizasyonudur.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<h4 class=\"text-red\"><strong>(Nurettin Beltekin-Nerinaazad.org sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Anuk, Nevzat Behs\u00ea Tirkkerdi\u015f\u00ea Kurdan de Senter\u00eak: Enst\u00eetuy\u00ea Cigeray\u00ee\u015f\u00ea Kultur\u00ea Tirk, Mardin Artuklu \u00dcniversitesi Ya\u015fayan Diller Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, 2015.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ashcroft, Bill, Ahluwalia, Pal, Edward Said, Ankara: Elips Kitap, 2010.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Alay, Okan, S\u00f6zellikten Yaz\u0131l\u0131ya: K\u0131rmancca (Zazaca) S\u00f6zl\u00fc Edebiyatla \u0130lgili \u0130nternal ve Eksternal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara Dair Bir De\u011ferlendirme, Kordinat\u00f6r: Shahab Vali,Yaz\u0131nsal Varolu\u015ftan Akademik Literat\u00fcre K\u0131rmancca (Zazaca), \u0130stanbul: Vate Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2020 \u00c7a\u011flayan, Ercan, Zazalar: Tarih, K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Kimlik, 3. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul: \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2016.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Darder, Antonia, Decolonizing interpretive Research: A Critical Bicultural Methodology For Social Change. International Education Journal: Comparative<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Perspectives, 14(2), 63-77, 2015<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Deutsche-biographie, Otto Balu, Deutsche-biographie https:\/\/www.deutschebiographie.de\/sfz4675.html?language=en Eri\u015fim 31.03.2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>F\u0131rat, Nuri, A\u015firet ve \u0130syan: Bat\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n K\u00fcrt Alg\u0131s\u0131, \u0130stanbul,: Awesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2015.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Foucault, Michel, \u0130ktidar\u2019\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc, \u00e7ev. I\u015f\u0131k Erg\u00fcden, Ankara: Ayr\u0131nt\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2000.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Germana, Nicholas A., Self-othering in German Orientalism: The case of Friedrich Schlegel, Comparatist, 34 (2010).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Gippert, Jost, Die historische Entwicklung der Zaza-Sprache,\u00a0 Ware Dergisi, 10 1996.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>-Genealogical Tree of Iranian Languages,\u00a0 titus.fkidg1.unifrankfurt.de\/didact\/idg\/iran\/iranstam.htm. Eri\u015fim 16.04.2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>-Zur dialektalen Stellung des Zazaki, Die Sprache, 47, 2008. G\u00f6kalp, Ziya, \u201cK\u00fcrt A\u015firetleri Hakk\u0131nda Sosyolojik Tetkikler\u201d, \u0130stanbul: Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2009.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>G\u00f6rg\u00fcn,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Hilal,\u00a0 \u00a0 Albert\u00a0 \u00a0 August\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0von\u00a0 \u00a0 Le\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Coq,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0130slam\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ansiklopedisi,\u00a0 \u00a0 2003,<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/le-coq-albert-august-von Eri\u015fim 16.04.2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Gulbenkian Komisyonu Sosyal bilimleri a\u00e7\u0131n sosyal bilimlerin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine rapor (\u00c7ev. \u015e. Tekeli). \u0130stanbul: Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2012.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Hans-Georg, Ebert, History of the Institute of Oriental Studies, https:\/\/www.orient.unileipzig.de\/institute\/history-of-the-institute\/?L=1, Eri\u015fim 16.04.2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kaya, Ali, \u201cTarihte Zazalar ve Zazaca\u201d, ed. Murat Varol, Uluslararas\u0131 Zaza Tarihi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Bing\u00f6l, 2012.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Keskin, Mesut, Zazaca \u00dczerine Notlar, der. \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Aslan, Herkesin Bildi\u011fi S\u0131r: Dersim, \u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim Yayinlari, 2010.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>&#8211; Zaza Dili, Bing\u00f6l \u00dcniversitesi Ya\u015fayan Diller Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi, 1\/1, Bing\u00f6l, 2015.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kula, Onur B., Bat\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131nda Oryantalizm: Bat\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131nda Oryantalizm-I, \u0130stanbul, 2011.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>&#8211; Bat\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131nda Oryantalizm: Bat\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131nda Oryantalizm- II, \u0130stanbul, 2011.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kurdo, Qanat\u00ea,\u00a0 L\u00eager\u00eena Zaza, Bonn: Hogir Verlag, 2016.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kurij, Sey\u00eetxan, The Studies of Peter JA Lerch on Kurdology, N\u00fbbihar Akademi, 1\/1, 2014.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Malm\u00eesanij, Mehemed, Kurmancca ile Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 K\u0131rmancca (Zazaca) Dilbilgisi, \u0130stanbul: Vate Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2015.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>&#8211; Anti-K\u00fcrdolojiden K\u00fcrdolojiye Giden Yol ve \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u201d, \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i. Ed. Ozan-Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc, \u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2011.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Marchand, Suzanna, German Orientalism: Religion, Race, Scholarship, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,\u00a0 2009.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Mojtaba Kolivand, Stimmen Aus Der Vergangenheit: Eine kurdisch musikalische Entdeckung im Nachlass von Oskar Mann, Bibliotheks Magazin, 3, 2012.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Morris, Charles, The Aryan Race: Its Origins and Its Achievements, SC Griggs, 1892. https:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?id=uva.x000546236&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=48\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Eri\u015fim 11.04.2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Paul, Ludwing, The position of Zazaki among West Iranian languages, Old and Middle Iranian Studies, 1998.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>&#8211; Kurdish and The History of \u0130ranian Languages, 2020, https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9gYct5zt2us\u00a0 Eri\u015fim: 18.04.2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Said, Edward, Oryantalizm S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin Ke\u015fif Kolu, \u00e7ev. Salahattin Ayaz, \u0130stanbul: P\u0131nar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Schmitt, R\u00fcdiger, Christian Bartholomae, The Encyclop\u00e6dia Iranica, 1988.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/bartholomae-christian-german<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>-\u201cFriedrich von Spiegel\u201d The Encyclop\u00e6dia Iranica, 2020, http:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/spiegel Eri\u015fim 31.03.2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131, \u00d6zcan, \u201cC.H Becker (1876-1933) \u00d6rne\u011finde Uygulamal\u0131 Oryantalizm (Angewandte Orientalistik) Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131-Oryantalizm \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n Siyasalla\u015fma S\u00fcreci\u201d, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, 47\/2, 2006.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>-Ayd\u0131nlanma, Oryantalizm ve \u0130slam: Kelami Konular Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Bir Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, Bursa: Sentez Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2013.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Turner, Byan. S., Oryantalizm, Postmodernizm ve Globalizm, \u00e7ev. \u0130brahim Kapakl\u0131kaya, \u0130stanbul: Anka Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2002.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00dcnal, I\u015f\u0131l L, E\u011fitimsel Ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda Epistemolojik Sorunlar, Ed. \u0130nayet Ayd\u0131n-\u015eakir \u00c7\u0131nk\u0131r Prof. Dr. \u0130brahim Ethem Ba\u015faran\u2019a Arma\u011fan: E\u011fitimde 52. Y\u0131l, Ankara: An\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2015.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice, Sosyal Bilimleri D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek: 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Paradigmalar\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131. Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i G\u00f6steri Sanatlar\u0131 Toplulu\u011fu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul: Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2013.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Y\u00fcksel, Mehmet, \u0130slamofobinin Tarihsel Temellerine Bir Bak\u0131\u015f: Oryantalizm ya da Bat\u0131 ve \u00d6teki, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Mecmuas\u0131, 72(1), 2012.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zeynep Aslan, \u201c\u0130ranolog Prof. Dr. Ludwig Paul ile Zaza Dili ile \u0130lgili S\u00f6yle\u015fi\u201d, http:\/\/www.cilagazete.com\/iranolog-prof-dr-ludwig-paul-ile-zaza-dili-ile-ilgilisoylesi\/.html Eri\u015fim: 18.04.2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Selcan, Z\u00fclf\u00fc, \u201cZaza Dili\u2019nin Tarihi Geli\u015fimi\u201d, http:\/\/zilfiselcan.net\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ZazaDilininGelisimi_tr2.pf Eri\u015fim 18.04.2020<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Selcan, Z\u00fclf\u00fc, \u201cZaza Dilini Geli\u015fimi\u201d, http:\/\/zilfiselcan.net\/2016\/11\/12\/zaza-diliningelisimi\/ Eri\u015fim 18.04.2020 www.forgottenbooks.com\u00a0 www.hathitrust.org<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[1] Ziya G\u00f6kalp, K\u00fcrt A\u015firetleri Hakk\u0131nda Sosyolojik Tetkikler, (\u0130stanbul:\u00a0 Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2009)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[2] Bryan. S. Turner, Oryantalizm, Postmodernizm ve Globalizm, \u00e7ev. \u0130brahim Kapakl\u0131kaya, (\u0130stanbul: Anka Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,.2002)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[3] \u00d6zcan Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131, C.H Becker (1876-1933) \u00d6rne\u011finde Uygulamal\u0131 Oryantalizm (Angewandte Orientalistik) Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131-Oryantalizm \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n Siyasalla\u015fma S\u00fcreci, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, 47.2 (2006), 143-144.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[4] Michel Foucault, \u0130ktidar\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc, \u00e7ev. I\u015f\u0131k Erg\u00fcden (Ankara: Ayr\u0131nt\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2000), 84<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[5] Mehmet Y\u00fcksel, \u0130slamofobinin Tarihsel Temellerine Bir Bak\u0131\u015f: Oryantalizm ya da Bat\u0131 ve \u00d6teki, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Mecmuas\u0131, 72.1 (2012), 189-200.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[6] Ercan \u00c7a\u011flayan, Zazalar: Tarih, K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Kimlik. 3. Bask\u0131, (\u0130stanbul: Blgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[7] )<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[8] Edward Said, Oryantalizm S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin Ke\u015fif Kolu, \u00e7ev. Salahattin Ayaz, (\u0130stanbul: P\u0131nar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[9] )\u00a0 \u00a0Nuri F\u0131rat, A\u015firet ve \u0130syan: Bat\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n K\u00fcrt Alg\u0131s\u0131 (\u0130stanbul: Awesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2015)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[10] Onur B. Kula, Bat\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131nda Oryantalizm: Bat\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131nda Oryantalizm I-II, (\u0130stanbul: T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f bankas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2011)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[11] www.forgottenbooks.com ya da www.hathitrust.org gibi internet sitelerinden bu kitaplara kolayca ula\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[12] Suzanna Marchand, German Orientalism: Religion, Race, Scholarship, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,.2009).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[13] Bill Ashcroft, Pal Ahluwalia, Edward Said, (Ankara: Elips Kitap, 2010).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[14] Charles Morris, The Aryan Race: Its Origins and Its Achievements, (SC Griggs, 1892).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[15] Ashcrof ve Ahluwalia, Edward Said, 64.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[16] Marchand, German Orientalism, 292.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[17] Nicholas A. Germana, Self-othering in German Orientalism: The Case of Friedrich Schlegel, Comparatist, 34 (2010), 80-81.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[18] Germana, Self-othering in German Orientalism, 84.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[19] Germana, Self-othering in German Orientalism, 87.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[20] Germana, Self-othering in German Orientalism, 88-89.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[21] \u00d6zcan Ta\u015fc\u0131, Ayd\u0131nlanma, Oryantalizm ve \u0130slam: Kelami Konular Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Bir Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, (Bursa: Sentez Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2013), 26. 22 Marchand, German Orientalism.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[22] Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131, Ayd\u0131nlanma, Oryantalizm ve \u0130slam, .143-164.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[23] Marchand, German, Orientalism, 353<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[24] Alay, Okan, S\u00f6zellikten Yaz\u0131l\u0131ya: K\u0131rmancca (Zazaca) S\u00f6zl\u00fc Edebiyatla \u0130lgili \u0130nternal ve Eksternal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara Dair Bir De\u011ferlendirme, Kordinat\u00f6r: Shahab Vali,Yaz\u0131nsal Varolu\u015ftan Akademik Literat\u00fcre<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>K\u0131rmancca (Zazaca), Vate Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, (2020),.85-106<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[25] \u201cOtto Balu\u201d,\u00a0 Deutsche-biographie, (Eri\u015fim 31.03.2020 =en)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0 R\u00fcdiger Schmitt, \u201cFriedrich von Spiegel\u201d, The Encyclop\u00e6dia Iranica (Eri\u015fim 31.03.2020)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[26] R\u00fcdiger Schmitt, \u201cFriedrich von Spiegel\u201d, The Encyclop\u00e6dia Iranica (Eri\u015fim 31.03.2020)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[27] R\u00fcdiger Schmitt, \u201cChristian Bartholomae\u201d, The Encyclop\u00e6dia Iranica (Eri\u015fim 31.03.2020)\u00a0 \u00a029 Hilal G\u00f6rg\u00fcn, \u201cAlbert August von Le Coq\u201d, \u0130slam Anskilopedisi (2003), 118, (Eri\u015fim 16.04.2020) 30 G\u00f6rg\u00fcn, Albert August von Le Coq, 119.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[28] Mojtaba Kolivand, \u201cStimmen Aus Der Vergangenheit: Eine kurdisch musikalische Entdeckung im Nachlass von Oskar Mann\u201d, Bibliotheks Magazin, 3, Berlin, 2012, s.17-21 32 Marchand, German Orientalism, 344-345.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[29] Hans-Georg Ebert, \u201cHistory of the Institute of Oriental Studies\u201d, Leipzig, 2020, https:\/\/www.orient.unileipzig.de\/institute\/history-of-the-institute\/?L=1<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[30] Seyitxan Kur\u0131j, \u201cThe Studies of Peter JA Lerch on Kurdology\u201d, N\u00fbbihar Akademi, 1\/1, \u0130stanbul, 2014,s.93-108.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[31] Keskin, Keskin, Mesut, \u201cZazaca \u00dczerine Notlar\u201d, der. \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Aslan, Herkesin Bildi\u011fi S\u0131r: Dersim, (\u0130stanbul:\u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, (2010), 221-244.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[32] Selcan, Zaza Dilini Geli\u015fimi, 3, (Eri\u015fim 18.04.2020) 37 Selcan, Zaza Dilini Geli\u015fimi, 3.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[33] Selcan, Zaza Dilini Geli\u015fimi, 3.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[34] Marchand, German Orientalism, 355, 417, 421-424. 40 Marchand, German Orientalism,.358.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[35] Keskin, Zazaca \u00dczerine Notlar.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[36] Marchand,\u00a0 German Orientalism,.358.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[37] Selcan, Zaza Dilini Geli\u015fimi.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[38] Keskin, Zazaca \u00dczerine Notlar. 45 Selcan, Zaza Dilini Geli\u015fimi.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[39] Qanat\u00ea Kurdo, L\u00eager\u00eena Zaza, (Bonn: Hogir Verlag, (2016), 191<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[40] Mehemed Malm\u00eesanij, Kurmancca ile Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 K\u0131rmancca (Zazaca) Dilbilgisi, (\u0130stanbul: Vate Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, (2015).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[41] Jost Gippert, Die historische Entwicklung der Zaza-Sprache, Ware Dergisi, 10(1996), 148-154.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[42] Jost Gippert, Genealogical Tree of Iranian Languages, (Eri\u015fim 16.04.2020)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[43] Ludwing Paul, The Position of Zazaki Among West Iranian Languages, Old and Middle Iranian Studies, (1998), 163-176.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[44] Dufner, Ulrike, Vah\u015fi K\u00fcrdistan Kli\u015feleri, (Eri\u015fim 09.04.2020)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[45] Rohat, K\u00fcrdoloji Biliminin 200 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi (1787-1987), \u0130stanbul: We\u015fan\u00ean Deng, 1991).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[46] Mehemed Malm\u00eesanij, Anti-K\u00fcrdolojiden K\u00fcrdolojiye Giden Yol ve \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i, \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i. Ed. Ozan De\u011fer-Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc, (\u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2011).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[47] Nevzat Anuk, Behs\u00ea Tirkkerdi\u015f\u00ea Kurdan de Senter\u00eak: Enst\u00eetuy\u00ea Cigeray\u00ee\u015f\u00ea Kultur\u00ea Tirk, (Mardin Artuklu \u00dcniversitesi Ya\u015fayan Diller Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, 2015).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[48] Jost Gippert, Zur dialektalen Stellung des Zazaki, Die Sprache, 47 (2008), 77-107.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[49] Mesut Keskin, Zaza Dili. Bing\u00f6l \u00dcniversitesi Ya\u015fayan Diller Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi, 1.1(2015), 98.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>[50] Ludwing Paul, \u201cKurdish and The History of \u0130ranian Languages\u201d, (Eri\u015fim: 18.04.2020)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zeynep Aslan, \u0130ranolog Prof. Dr. Ludwig Paul ile Zaza Dili ile ilgili s\u00f6yle\u015fi, (Eri\u015fim: 18.04.2020) 58 I\u015f\u0131l L.\u00dcnal, \u201cE\u011fitimsel Ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda Epistemolojik Sorunlar\u201d, Ed. \u0130nayet Ayd\u0131n-\u015eakir \u00c7\u0131nk\u0131r Prof. Dr. \u0130brahim Ethem Ba\u015faran\u2019a Arma\u011fan: E\u011fitimde 52. Y\u0131l.(Ankara: An\u0131 Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k,\u00a0 2015).<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zazalara ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00f6zellikle oryantalistler, Kemalistler ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kolonize edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda \u00fcretilen bilgilerle bug\u00fcn Zazalar \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda temel kaynak olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcretilen bilginin siyasal do\u011fas\u0131 bilginin kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin ciddi uyar\u0131lar bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar s\u00f6z konusu bilgiyi bilimsel bilgi olarak kullanmaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kimlikleri, hangi &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":21767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[5694,5693,849,245,4369,1117,925,1616,5692,140,559,2488],"class_list":["post-21763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-alman-oryantalistleri","tag-aryan","tag-dimili","tag-dimilki","tag-kirdasi","tag-kirdki","tag-kirmanc","tag-manset","tag-sarkiyat","tag-zaza","tag-zazaca","tag-zazalar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21763"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21763\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}