{"id":21585,"date":"2020-02-17T08:51:35","date_gmt":"2020-02-17T05:51:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21585"},"modified":"2020-02-15T20:51:55","modified_gmt":"2020-02-15T17:51:55","slug":"mervaniler-doneminde-gelistirilen-meyafarkin-ve-diyarbekir-kutuphanesinde-bir-milyon-kirk-bin-1-040-000-cilt-kitap-mevcuttu-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21585","title":{"rendered":"Mervaniler d\u00f6neminde geli\u015ftirilen Meyafarkin ve Diyarbekir k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bir milyon k\u0131rk bin (1.040.000) cilt kitap mevcuttu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Diyarbekir Saray<\/strong><\/p>\n

Diyarbekir ve \u00e7evresinin k\u00fclt\u00fcr zenginli\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00f6ncelikle b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihini ayd\u0131nlatmak ve bunun i\u00e7in de ciddi bir tarihsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak gerekir. Baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemler yeterince ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, bu konuda az\u0131msanmayacak nispette de\u011ferli eserler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli derecede istifade etti\u011fim kaynaklar\u0131 ve bu \u00e7ok de\u011ferli eserleri bize sunan yazarlardan birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak gerekirse; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l Erzak, Ali Emiri, \u015eevket Beysano\u011flu, Muhammed Emin Zeki Beg, Tomas Ripper, Nusret Ayd\u0131n vd. olmak \u00fczere bu \u00f6rnek liste daha da uzat\u0131labilir. Bu yaz\u0131, asl\u0131nda bir tarihsel inceleme olarak de\u011fil, ba\u015fl\u0131kta belirtilen k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yaz\u0131nsal birikimin olu\u015fum s\u00fcreci, bu muazzam birikimin de\u011fi\u015fen y\u00f6netimler ve geli\u015fen tarihsel olaylarla birlikte kaybolu\u015fa do\u011fru giden hik\u00e2yesini kronolojik olarak hat\u0131rlatmaya y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p>\n

Bunun i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren b\u00f6lgede iz b\u0131rakan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-etnik topluluklar\u0131n etkin ve egemen olduklar\u0131 tarihsel d\u00f6nemleri k\u0131saca hat\u0131rlamakta fayda vard\u0131r. Subartular ile Mitannilere de akraba olan Hurriler, hali haz\u0131rda b\u00f6lgenin en eski medeni halk\u0131 olarak bilinir ve Zagros\u2019lardan b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar. Bu kadim kavimlerin b\u00f6lgedeki ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri yakla\u015f\u0131k M. \u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar ula\u015f\u0131r. \u201cHuriler b\u00f6lgeye geldikten sonra bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Amida (Diyarbekir) y\u00f6resinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir medeniyet yaratt\u0131lar. Hata Amida (Diyarbekir) ilinin temelinin Huriler taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.\u201d[1]<\/a>\u00a0 Babil dilinde \u201cHurri\u201d, ma\u011fara anlam\u0131na gelir ve farkl\u0131 kaynaklarda \u201cKhurr\u00ee, Kurr\u00ee, Xurr\u00ee, Kharru, Xorr, Hor, Hor\u00eet\u201d olarak ge\u00e7er. B\u00f6lge M. \u00d6. 2300 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131l Akadlar\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kal\u0131r ve daha sonra \u201cHurriler b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgede egemenliklerini yeniden kurarlar. Egemen olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 do\u011fuda Za\u011fros da\u011flar\u0131na, bat\u0131da Akdeniz\u2019e, g\u00fcneyde Kerk\u00fck\u2019e ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131da Kenan \u00fclkesine kadar geni\u015flettiler.\u201d[2]<\/a>\u00a0M. \u00d6. 1600\u2019den 1300 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar b\u00f6lgede Hurrilerin akrabalar\u0131 olan Mitanniler h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrer ve 1260\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131nda ise Diyarbekir\u2019in \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere \u201cMitanni \u00fclkesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Asurlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Hititlerin h\u00fckm\u00fc alt\u0131na girer. Asurlar\u0131n Diyarbekir ve \u00e7evresi \u00fczerindeki egemenlikleri (M.\u00d6. 1260-653) y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar devam eder, ondan sonra da Diyarbekir\u2019in do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 75 y\u0131l Nerib*<\/a>\u00a0ve Kirhi (Kirhu) yerel prenslikleri, bat\u0131 ve kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131 da Kummuh prensliklerinin y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na girer. M. \u00d6. 1116 y\u0131llar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn Diyarbekir b\u00f6lgesi tekrar yakla\u015f\u0131k altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131l Asurlar\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r.\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde Asurlar\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla birlikte b\u00f6lgeye Arami ak\u0131nlar\u0131 ba\u015flar ve Aramiler yakla\u015f\u0131k 225 y\u0131l b\u00f6lgede h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra, M. \u00d6. 825 y\u0131llar\u0131nda b\u00f6lge tekrar Asurlar\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc alt\u0131na girer ki bu Asurlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc egemenlik d\u00f6nemidir. Bu d\u00f6nem de yakla\u015f\u0131k yetmi\u015f be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcrer ve ondan sonra Amid ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Diyarbekir yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 y\u0131l da Urartular\u0131n (775-735) egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r. K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u0130skit egemenli\u011finden sonra ba\u015fta Urartu \u00fclkesi olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm b\u00f6lge M. \u00d6. 630 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Medlerin y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7er. Medlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k seksen y\u0131l s\u00fcren idaresinden sonra Diyarbekir, 220 y\u0131l da Pers idaresinde kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Diyarbekir M. \u00d6. 330 y\u0131llar\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir d\u00f6nem B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kald\u0131ktan sonra, yakla\u015f\u0131k 80 y\u0131l da Selevkoslar buraya h\u00fck\u00fcm eder. 140 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren yakla\u015f\u0131k 55 y\u0131l Partlar\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcne giren Diyarbekir, 85-69 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da B\u00fcy\u00fck Tigran\u2019\u0131n idaresinde kal\u0131r. M. \u00d6. 69 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diyarbekir Romal\u0131lar\u0131n (Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131n) egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girer ve zamanla Romal\u0131lar ile Partlar aras\u0131nda el de\u011fi\u015ftirse de M. S. 226 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar onlar\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde kal\u0131r. Bu tarihten sonra, yakla\u015f\u0131k 170 y\u0131l Sasaniler b\u00f6lgede h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrer. M. S. 395 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00f6lge Roma \u0130mparatoru ile Sasani h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r[4]<\/a>\u00a0ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu idaresi alt\u0131na girer.<\/p>\n

240 y\u0131l Bizans y\u00f6netiminde kalan Amid\/Diyarbekir ve \u00e7evresi, \u00d6mer Bin Hattab\u2019\u0131n halifeli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde Arap-\u0130slam egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girer (639) ve b\u00f6ylece Sasanilerin de b\u00f6lge \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011fi son bulur. Arap-\u0130slam egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na giren Amid, 984 y\u0131l\u0131nda As\u0131l ad\u0131 Abdullah H\u00fcseyin olan ve Bad ad\u0131yla bilinen Bad\u00fc\u2019l Kurd\u00ee Beni Dost\u0131k y\u00f6netimindeki Mervanilerin egemenli\u011fine girene kadar, yakla\u015f\u0131k 345 y\u0131l Arap egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda Emevi, Abbasi ve Hamdaniler taraf\u0131nda y\u00f6netilmi\u015f. Dost\u0131k, d\u00f6rt y\u0131l sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde onun yerine, ye\u011feni \u201cEb\u00fb Ali El Hasan bin Mervan-\u00fcl Kurd\u00ee, Mervan\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir.\u201d[5]<\/a>\u00a0Eb\u00fb Ali 997 senesinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra yerine El Malik Eb\u00fb Mansur Said ge\u00e7ti. Eb\u00fb Mansur Said, 1011\/12 y\u0131llar\u0131nda veziri \u015e\u00eero ve \u015e\u00eero\u2019nun o\u011flu Felyus taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ondan sonra da Meyafarkin\u2019in en uzun s\u00fcreli h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapacak olan Eb\u00fb Nasr Ahmed bin Mervan y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Amid, yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 y\u0131l Mervani y\u00f6netiminde kald\u0131. Mervanilerin en uzun d\u00f6nemli h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 Eb\u00fb Nasr Ahmed bin Mervan, 1011\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcmdar oldu, \u201cNasruddevle\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131, 53 y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve 29 \u015eevval 453 (Miladi 1062) tarihinde vefat etti.[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cNasruddevle Eb\u00fb Nasr Ahmed d\u00f6nemi (1011-12\/ 9 Kas\u0131m 1061); hakikaten bu b\u00f6lgenin alt\u0131n devri olmu\u015ftur. Kendisi b\u00fct\u00fcn Diyarbekir b\u00f6lgesi \u015fehirlerini, bilhassa Amid (Amed) \u015fehrini ve surlar\u0131n\u0131, Meyafarkini imar ve tahkim etmi\u015ftir.\u201d[7]<\/a>\u00a0Eb\u00fb Nasr bin Merv\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00fclke topraklar\u0131 Nas\u0131r ve Sa\u00eed adl\u0131 o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc ve bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnme nedeniyle Mervanilerin g\u00fcc\u00fc zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1096 senesinde Dime\u015fk Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 \u015fiddetli bir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmadan sonra b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irdi. Mervani H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n son buldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda, ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6lgeye Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mervaniler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bu d\u00f6nemde K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde egemenli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren K\u00fcrd emirlikleri adeta birer ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet gibiydi. Mervaniler izledikleri d\u0131\u015f siyasetle d\u00f6nemin b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir denge politikas\u0131 izlemi\u015fler. \u0130\u00e7erde de \u201cNasr ud-Dewle\u2019nin y\u00f6netiminde K\u00fcrtler, Ermeniler\/S\u00fcryani H\u0131ristiyanlar gibi yerli halklar siyasi n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftu. Meyafarqin bilim insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ekim merkezi haline gelmi\u015fti.\u201d[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cMervanilerin \u015eark tarihindeki rol\u00fc hakk\u0131nda genel olarak \u015fu tespiti yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: Hakimiyetleri s\u00fcresinde Diyarbekir \u00fclkesinde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fczeyin ve kamu hizmetlerinin geli\u015fti\u011fi, g\u00f6rece bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir devre ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mervanilerin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri b\u00f6lgelerde ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131da \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f.\u00a0 Ebu Nasr Ahmed bin Merv\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n 53 senelik h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyunca h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu topraklarda bir sulh ve asayi\u015f devri ya\u015fand\u0131. Diyarbak\u0131r, Meyafarkin ve \u00e7evresindeki \u015fehirlerin hayat seviyesi y\u00fckseldi, yeni hastaneler kuruldu, yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat eserleri meydana getirildi.\u00a0\u201cNasruddevle, d\u00fczg\u00fcn idaresi, adaleti, c\u00f6mertli\u011fi ile kendisini halka \u00e7ok sevdirmi\u015f bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdard\u0131. \u0130lim ve sanat adamlar\u0131n\u0131 korur, sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterir, fikirlerine de\u011fer verirdi. Bu nedenledir ki onun zaman\u0131 idaresinde Amid ve Meyafarkin, bilginlerin, \u015fairlerin bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir.\u201d[10]<\/a>\u00a0Bu d\u00f6nemde Meyafarkin ve Diyarbekir\u2019de hastaneler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201c\u00d6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2limler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ki, her birisinin tasnif etti\u011fi de\u011ferli eserler, bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane te\u015fkil edecek mertebeye vard\u0131.\u201d[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde olu\u015fturulan ve zenginle\u015ftirilen \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerden biri Meyafarkin\u2019de ve di\u011feri de Amid Cami-i Kebir (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ulu Camii)\u2019de bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin zenginli\u011fi ve tarihsel \u00f6nemi \u00f6zerine me\u015fhur yazar Ali Emiri Amidi \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir:<\/p>\n

\u201cO zamanlarda d\u00fcnya medeniyetinin en ileri giden bir y\u00fcce b\u00f6lgesi de Elcezire, Diyarbekir ve K\u00fcrdistan idi. \u0130slam \u00e2leminin en k\u0131ymettar k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinden biri de \u201cAmid\u201d \u015fehrindeydi.<\/p>\n

Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphane, Amid \u015fehrinin hala mevcut olan Cami-i Kebir civar\u0131nda vaki olup b\u00fcy\u00fck hicretin alt\u0131nc\u0131 asr\u0131nda mevcut miktar\u0131, bir milyon k\u0131rk bin (1.040.000) cilt nefis ve nadir kitaplara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu derece pek \u00e7ok kitab\u0131n ne suretle toplan\u0131p bir araya getirildi\u011fine gelince; \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ilk ba\u015flar\u0131nda Amid Cami-i Kebir\u2019inde baz\u0131 dini kitaplar i\u00e7in bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve ondan be\u015finci hicri asra kadar ge\u00e7mi\u015f melikler taraf\u0131ndan peyderpey geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve nefis kitaplar\u0131 teksir edildi\u011fi gibi di\u011fer m\u00fcellif ve hay\u0131r sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan da bir hayli \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011fi\u015fik kitaplar vakfedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Be\u015finci asr\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren yar\u0131m asr\u0131 ge\u00e7kin Diyarbekir Meliki bulunan Eb\u00fb n-Nas\u0131r Amed\u2019in me\u015fhur veziri olup 437 senesinde vefat eden ilim ve edebiyat\u0131n ileri gelenlerinden olan Eb\u00fb n-Nas\u0131r Ahmed b. Yusuf el-Menazi; fazilet, kemal ve serveti sayikiyle her taraftan pek \u00e7ok kitap al\u0131p toplamakla gayret etmi\u015f ve hatta bizzat kendisi yolculuk yaparak defaatle Ba\u011fdat, Kostantiniye ve M\u0131s\u0131r taraflar\u0131na giderek faziletli, ehl-i hikmet ve me\u015fhur m\u00fcelliflerle sohbette bulunmu\u015f ve oralardan dahi felsefe, astronomi, n\u00fbcum [y\u0131ld\u0131zlar], edebiyat, de\u011fi\u015fik ilim ve fenlere dair kitaplar ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve parayla sat\u0131n alarak m\u00fckerrerlerini ikiye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fckerrer olmayanlardan dahi nefis yaz\u0131larla istinsah (kopya) ettirip gayet mahir cilt\u00e7ilere cilt ve tezhip ettirdikten sonra \u015fu nefis kitaplar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cAmid\u201d ve \u201cMeyafarkin\u201d cami-i kebirlerinin k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerine vakfetmekle, k\u00fct\u00fcphanemiz zenginle\u015ftik\u00e7e zenginle\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Allame Kadi Ahmed b. Halikan \u201cVefat\u00fc\u2019l A\u2019yan<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Ahmed b. Yusuf el-Menazi\u2019nin[12]<\/a>\u00a0Amid ve Meyafarkin k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerine vakfetti\u011fi kitaplardan \u015f\u00f6ylece bahsediyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cKendisi (Ahmed b. Yusuf el-Menazi\u2019den bahsediyor) faziletli, \u015fair, ilim sahibiydi. Kostantaniye\u2019ye defalarca adam g\u00f6ndermi\u015f ve pek \u00e7ok kitap toplam\u0131\u015f, sonra onlar\u0131 Meyafarkin ve Amid camilerine vakfetmi\u015ftir. Ve onlar \u015fu anda mevcut olup her iki beldenin cami k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde \u201cMenazi kitaplar\u0131\u201dyla bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

437 (M-1046) senesinde vefat eden Ahmet b. Yusuf el-Menazi\u2019den sonra da melik ve emirler k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi geni\u015fletmi\u015f ve tezyininde bulunmu\u015f, edipler, faziletli \u015fahsiyetler ve h\u00fckema dahi nefis eserlerini bu k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye b\u0131rakarak hediye edilen kitaplar\u0131n mevcudu ak\u0131llara hayret verecek derecede \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mervanilerden sonra, Diyarbekir Eyyubilerin y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7ene kadar, 92 sene boyunca \u0130nalo\u011fullar\u0131 (1097-1142) ve Nisano\u011fullar\u0131 (1142-1183) taraf\u0131nda y\u00f6netildi. \u015eevket Beysano\u011flu, \u0130maddedin \u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019den aktararak Amid\u2019in Eyyubiler taraf\u0131ndan zapt\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015fu bilgileri veriyor: \u201c17 Zilhicce (13 Nisan 1183) Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc Amid\u2019e geldik. \u015eehrin surlar\u0131 dibinde kararg\u00e2h\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurduk ve muhasara haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131k (\u2026)\u201d[14]<\/a>\u00a0Eyyubiler Diyarbekir\u2019i muhasara alt\u0131na ald\u0131klar\u0131 zaman \u015fehir, Nisano\u011flu Bah\u00fcddin Mesud taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekteydi. \u201cSelahaddin Eyyubi ve yan\u0131ndaki m\u00fcttefiki Artuko\u011flu Nureddin Muhammed ile birlikte Urfa kap\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fehre girdiler ve \u0130\u00e7kale\u2019deki emaret saray\u0131na yerle\u015ftiler.\u201d[15]<\/a>\u00a0Tarixul Dewletul Kurd<\/em>\u00a0[Tar\u00eexa Dewleta Kurdan<\/em>] adl\u0131 eserin yazar\u0131 da Selahaddin Eyyub\u00ee\u2019nin Diyarbekir\u2019e giri\u015fini \u015f\u00f6yle aktarm\u0131\u015f: \u201cSultan, Muharrem ay\u0131nda Amed\u2019i teslim alarak Saraya yerle\u015fti ve daha sonra Amed ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin y\u00f6netimini Nurettin Muhammed Karaaslan\u2019a teslim etti.\u201d[16]<\/a>\u00a0Eyyubiler ve onlara ba\u011fl\u0131 Mardin Artukiye h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131, Diyarbekir\u2019de eli sene h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u201cHasnkeyf\u2019de ve Diyarbekir\u2019de pek b\u00fcy\u00fck eserler ve namlar\u0131na olarak zemane bilginlerinin k\u0131ymetli yazmalar\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u201d[17]<\/a>\u00a01243\/1244 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Diyarbekir 3-4 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine Konya Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131ndan G\u0131yaseddin Keyhusrev\u2019in y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mi\u015f ancak ondan sonra tekrar El Melik\u00fc\u2019l Muazzam Tor\u0131n\u015fah-\u00ee Eyyub\u00ee y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7ti ve b\u00f6ylece Diyarbekir ve \u00e7evresi yirmi be\u015f y\u0131l daha Eyyubilerin y\u00f6netiminde kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ramadi a\u015firetine mensup bir K\u00fcrd olan Selahaddin Eyyub\u00ee Diyarbekir\u2019de kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7e\u015fitli etkinliklerde bulunur ve Cami-i Kebir\u2019de bulunan b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi de ziyaret eder. Ali Emiri Amidi\u2019nin aktar\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n

\u201cSelahaddin Eyyub\u00ee Hazretlerinin 579 senesinde vuku bulan Amid seferi esnas\u0131nda bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin mevcut kitaplar\u0131 yukar\u0131da beyan oldu\u011fu \u00fczere tamam\u0131 bir milyon k\u0131rk bin (1.040.000) cilde ula\u015farak gerek kitaplar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu, gerek nadir ve nefis k\u0131ymetli cihetleriyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en me\u015fhur ve en d\u00fczenli k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinden say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcnde b\u00f6yle milyonluk k\u00fct\u00fcphane \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, y\u00fcz bin cilt kitap i\u00e7eren bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bundan alt\u0131 yedi as\u0131r \u00f6nce yaln\u0131z Amid k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bu kadar enfes eserlerin mevcut olmas\u0131 hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilirse de bunun s\u0131hhat\u0131n\u0131 ve hata kitaplar\u0131n mevcut miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 Alleme Abdurrahman \u015eihab\u00fcddin Ebi \u015eame Hazretleri; \u201cKitab\u00fcr- Ravdetey fi Ahbari\u2019d Devleteyn\u201d<\/em>\u00a0unvanl\u0131 muteber tarihinde bizzat Yusuf, Selahaddin Eyyubi ile k\u00fct\u00fcphane ziyaretinde haz\u0131r bulunan me\u015fhur edip ve emsalsiz katip \u0130madeddin \u0130sfehani\u2019den ve tarih-i kebir sahibi Ebi Tay\u2019den naklen ve aynen \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cOrada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane var ve onda bir milyon k\u0131rk bin (1.040.000)\u00a0 kitap mevcuttur. Allame Ebu \u015eame Hazretleri mevcut kitaplar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 bu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131ktan sonra: \u201cSultan, faziletli kadi\u2019ya kitaplar\u0131 hibe etti, o da se\u00e7erek yetmi\u015f deve y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131.\u201d ibaresini yaz\u0131yor ki o vakit M\u0131s\u0131r, \u015eam ve Halep gibi ilim ve medeniyet merkezleri olan me\u015fhur beldelerin \u015eeyh\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130slam\u2019\u0131 bulunan faziletli Kadi gibi bir zat\u0131n bu k\u00fct\u00fcphaneden kitap almas\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 bir mecburiyet olmas\u0131, bunda mevcut olan nadir eserlerin k\u0131ymet derecesini ve ehemmiyetini tayin eder.\u201d\u00a0[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

Belirtilen kitap say\u0131s\u0131nda bir abart\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse dahi, o tarihlerde Diyarbekir\u2019de b\u00f6yle bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin bulunmas\u0131, bu b\u00f6lgedeki fikir ve sanat hayat\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar geli\u015fkin oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesidir. Peki b\u00f6lgede emsali az bulunan b\u00f6ylesine zengin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane ne oldu, bu kitaplar nereye gitti?\u00a0 Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 elbette ki \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ali Emiri\u2019nin aktar\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, Sultan Selahaddin\u2019in emriyle kitaplar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r k\u00fct\u00fcphanesine g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n

\u201cMamafih Sultan\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcsaadesiyle ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en faziletli Kad\u0131 Hazretlerinin bu k\u00fct\u00fcphaneden yetmi\u015f deve y\u00fck\u00fc kitap se\u00e7ip ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bir deve y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn azami olmak \u00fczere be\u015f y\u00fcz ciltten ziyade olamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, yetmi\u015f deve y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn nihayet otuz be\u015f bin (35.000) cilt kitap demek olmas\u0131na ve geride daha bir milyondan fazla kitap kalmas\u0131na ve Sultan Yusuf, Selahaddin Eyyubi\u2019nin Amid\u2019den \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f tarihi olan 579 senesinden 629 senesine kadar Amid \u015fehri, Artuki melikleri ve ondan 658 senesine kadar da Eyyub\u00ee melikleri \u015fubesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmet kararg\u00e2h\u0131 olup bunlar\u0131n her iki k\u0131sm\u0131 da ilim ve \u00e2limleri sevenler olduklar\u0131ndan \u015fu m\u00fcddet zarf\u0131nda dahi mezk\u00fbr k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin eksilmeyip \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheden verasettir.\u201d[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki geride kalan kitaplar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri ve Hulagu\u2019nun komutas\u0131ndaki Mo\u011fol (1258) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131-istilalar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde imha veya talan edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te hem b\u00f6lgenin geneli ve hem de K\u00fcrdistan tekrardan talan, ya\u011fma ve y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frar. Bu geli\u015fmeler, b\u00f6lgede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik ve sosyal y\u0131k\u0131mla birlikte, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tahribat da yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mo\u011follar 1258 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ettiklerinde, \u201cKenti ya\u011fmalad\u0131lar; okul ve k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri yakt\u0131lar, cami ve saraylar\u0131 y\u0131kt\u0131lar, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131 katlettiler. Sonunda b\u00fct\u00fcn Abbasi ailesini hal\u0131lara sar\u0131p atlar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131na ba\u011flay\u0131p s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler\u2026\u201d[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ba\u011fdat\u2019tan Kuzey Mezopotamya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelen Mo\u011follar, \u201cCizre ve Amid (Diyarbekir) b\u00f6lgelerine sald\u0131r\u0131p \u00f6nlerine \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fehirleri i\u015fgal ettikten sonra yak\u0131p y\u0131kt\u0131lar. Ta\u015f \u00fczerinde ta\u015f b\u0131rakmad\u0131lar, Amid k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bulunan binlerce ciltlik eserleri yakt\u0131lar.\u201d[21]<\/a>\u00a0\u201c1258\u2019den 1335\u2019e tarihine kadar Diyarbekir, Hulagu Han\u2019\u0131n evlat ve mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclk\u00fcnde kald\u0131. Gerek Diyarbekir\u2019in ve gerek Meyafarkin\u2019in zapt\u0131nda o kadar y\u0131k\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler ki yerli halktan kimse kalmad\u0131 denilse m\u00fcbala\u011fa edilmemi\u015f olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o vakit Diyarbekir \u015fehirlerinin pek b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en azametlisi Meyafarkin \u015fehri idi.\u201d[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

Aslen Meyafarkinli olup M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da yeti\u015fmi\u015f olan \u015eemseddin-i Zeheb\u00ee,\u00a0Tarih-i \u0130slam<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yazmas\u0131nda der ki: \u201cYa\u015fmut Han\u2019\u0131n \u015fiddetli h\u00fccumu ve Meyafarkin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 bulunan Melik Kamil Eyyub\u00ee\u2019nin yirmi aydan ziyade s\u00fcren kararl\u0131 savunmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Meyafarkin \u015fehri \u00f6yle bir harabeye d\u00f6nd\u00fc ki ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Melik, Ya\u015fmut Han\u2019a teslim oldu\u011funda o azametli \u015fehirde ancak yetmi\u015f adam kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Melik Kamil ile hayatta kalan yetmi\u015f adam da \u015fehit edildiler.\u201d[23]<\/a>\u00a0Tarih boyunca istilac\u0131lar ve i\u015fgalciler sadece can almakla yetinmemi\u015fler, maddi manevi \u00fcretilen ne kadar de\u011fer varsa bunlar\u0131 talan ve tahrip etmi\u015fler. Bu zihniyetle d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinden biri olan, \u00e7ok say\u0131da elyazmas\u0131, nefis ve nadir kitaplarla dolu zaman\u0131n Diyarbekir k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi de talan ve tahrip edilen eserlerden biridir.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u015eu b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin kimler taraf\u0131ndan ne suretle mahv ve tahrip edildi\u011fi bahsine gelince: \u201c654 (1256\/1256) senesinde\u00a0Vefeyat\u00fc\u2019l-A\u2019yn<\/em>,\u0131 tamamlayan cenab\u0131 \u0130bni Halikkan, bu kitaplar hakk\u0131nda; \u201cO kitaplar \u015fu anda iki caminin (Amid ve Meyafarkin) k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde mevcuttur.\u201d Sarahatle kaydetmesine ve halbuki 672 senesinde do\u011fan 732 senesinde vefat eden el- Melik\u00fc\u2019l M\u00fceyyed Eb\u00fc\u2019l Fida Eyyub\u00ee, \u201cKitab\u00fc\u2019l Muhtasar fi Ahbar\u2019\u0131l-Be\u015fer<\/em>\u201d nam\u0131ndaki me\u015fhur tarihinde: \u201cO kitaplar yak\u0131n zamana kadar her iki \u015fehrin k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde mevcuttu\u201d ibaresini yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, o esnada zuhur eden Tatar (Mo\u011fol) b\u00fcy\u00fck belas\u0131nda b\u00f6yle alt\u0131 yedi as\u0131rl\u0131k kadim ve emsali nadir bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin de mahv ve yok edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Zinciriye Medresesi\u2019nden bir kesit<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cMezk\u00fbr k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin mevkii [yeri], Cami-i Kebir\u2019in sa\u011f taraf\u0131nda ve o mukaddes mabedin en sonundayd\u0131. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphane baz\u0131 \u00fcst kemerlerle Cami-i Kebir\u2019in o taraftaki soka\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa ge\u00e7irilip g\u00fcneyde Sipahiler \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 hizas\u0131na ve sa\u011fda Zincirye Medresesi\u2019ne kadar bir b\u00fcy\u00fck harika daire meydana getirmi\u015ftir. Zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla bu b\u00fcy\u00fck dairenin enkaz\u0131 bile yok edilmi\u015f ise de, Cami-i \u015eerif\u2019in sa\u011f taraf\u0131nda \u015fimdi mevcut olan Sar\u0131 Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi civar\u0131nda sokak ortas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ta\u015f kemer ile kemerin alt\u0131ndaki caddeden Sipahiler \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru baz\u0131 s\u00fctunlar ve kemerlerin alamet ve eseri mevcut oldu\u011fu gibi, Zinciriye Medresesi ile Cami-i Kebir aras\u0131nda hala kereste ve sair e\u015fya konulur baz\u0131 ta\u015f ve metin binalar bakidir ki, dikkat ve basiret erbab\u0131n\u0131n nazar\u0131na o b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 getirebilir.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fct\u00fcphaneden ba\u015fka Amid \u015fehrinde ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 yerlerde (il\u00e7elerde) daha ba\u015fka k\u0131ymetli k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler de mevcuttu. C\u00fcmleden Amid \u015fehrinde \u201cAlyanal\u201d k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Mardin, Hasankeyf, Meyafarkin \u015fehirlerindeki k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler dahi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n nadir k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerindendi. Hususuyla tabip Fad\u0131l b. Ebi \u0130sbie \u201cUyun\u00fc\u2019l-Enba fi Tabakati\u2019l Efibba<\/em>\u201d kitab\u0131nda, Diyarbekir Meliki Ebu Nas\u0131r Ahmed taraf\u0131ndan Amid civar\u0131nda bulunan Meyafarkin \u015fehrinde, gayet b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hastane ile t\u0131p kitaplar\u0131na mahsus k\u0131ymetli bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane in\u015fa ve ihya eyledi\u011fini yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u2026<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi de\u011fil bir milyonluk, hata yirmi bin kitab\u0131 ihtiva eden bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanemiz ve hele tabipli\u011fe mahsus bir iki dolap dolusu kitab\u0131m\u0131z bile yok\u2026\u201d[25]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mesudiye Medresesi\u2019nden bir kesit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fta Ebu Nasr Ahmed olmak \u00fczere Mervan\u00ee K\u00fcrd y\u00f6netimi d\u00f6nemi, hakikatten bu b\u00f6lgenin alt\u0131n devri olmu\u015ftur. Kendisi b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgesinin \u015fehirlerini, bilhassa Amid \u015fehrini ve surlar\u0131n\u0131, Meyafarkin\u2019i imar ve tahkim ettirmi\u015ftir. Mervanilerin idaresinde Amid ve Meyafarkin, bilginlerin, \u015fairlerin bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f ve Ali Emiri\u2019nin s\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda da bahsedildi\u011fi gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. F\u0131rat nehri ile Urmiye G\u00f6l\u00fc aras\u0131nda kalan geni\u015f bir alana h\u00fck\u00fcm eden Mervani Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ancak Mervaniler yok olmad\u0131. \u201cMervaniler zaman i\u00e7inde evrim ge\u00e7irerek, ba\u015fkentleri Bitlis olan Rozhakiler (Rojki) ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rlar.\u201d[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

Diyarbekir, 1359-1394 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Akkoyunlu ve Karakoyunlular taraf\u0131nda y\u00f6netilir. Bu tarihten sonra Anadolu bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak Timur-i Leng\u2019in istilas\u0131na u\u011frar. Timur Leng 1402\u2019de Ankara civarlar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetlerini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yenilgiye u\u011fratarak Sultan Beyaz\u0131t\u2019\u0131 esir al\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Timur,\u00a0 Diyarbekir\u2019i ku\u015fat\u0131p, Karakoyunlu y\u00f6netimine de son verir ve buradan \u015eam\u2019a gitti\u011finde y\u00f6netimi tekrar Akkoyunlulara b\u0131rak\u0131r. Diyarbekir 1401\u2019den 1507 tarihine kadar Akkoyunlular\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Mo\u011fol Tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgede ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri ter\u00f6r, katliam, tahrip ve talandan sonraki en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlardan biri de \u015eah \u0130smail-i Safev\u00ee\u2019nin Diyarbekir\u2019e h\u00fck\u00fcm etti\u011fi d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Diyarbekir bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fcyle stratejik bir \u00f6zeli\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u015eah \u0130smail buran\u0131n mutlak bir \u015fekilde kendi kontrol\u00fcnde olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. Bu ama\u00e7la; \u201cEni\u015ftesi Mehmet Han\u2019\u0131 \u015fehrin y\u00f6neticisi olarak tayin ediyor. \u201cHalk\u0131n bu tayine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6zerine, \u015eah \u0130smail b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kuvvet ile K\u00fcrdistan ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00f6releri y\u0131k\u0131m ve soyk\u0131r\u0131ma tabi tutuyor. 913 (1508) senesinde Amid \u015fehrini ele ge\u00e7irip, kar\u015f\u0131 koyanlardan t\u00fcm e\u015fraf ve hanedanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve eni\u015ftesini Amid\u2019in h\u00e2kimi ve b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n valisi olarak tayin ediyor.\u201d[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130\u015fte bu ve benzeri istila hareketleri, b\u00f6lgedeki maddi zenginliklerle birlikte k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de yok etmi\u015ftir. Benzer bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel katliam da Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, 5 Temmuz 1655 senesinde Melik Ahmet Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan Bitlis Miri Abdal Han \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan seferde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019nin aktar\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, kendisi de bir yazar olan Abdal Han\u2019\u0131n yetmi\u015f alt\u0131 adet kendi telifi kitab\u0131 ve \u00e7ok zengin bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi vard\u0131.[28]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu kanl\u0131 sava\u015ftan sonra Diyarbekir y\u00f6netimi \u015eah \u0130smail-i Safev\u00ee\u2019ye ge\u00e7ti ancak \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in b\u00f6lgedeki egemenli\u011fi fazla s\u00fcrmedi. 1514\u2019teki \u00c7ild\u00earan (\u00c7ald\u0131ran) Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda K\u00fcrtlerle Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir anla\u015fmayla S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrdlerin deste\u011fini alan Yavuz Sultan Selim, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019i bozguna u\u011frat\u0131r. Bu tarihten sonra Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimine kat\u0131lan K\u00fcrdistan b\u00f6lgesi, yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l devam eden \u00f6zerk yerel h\u00fckumetler ve mirlikler \u015feklinde kendi kendini y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir. 01.01.2018<\/p>\n

Se\u00eed Veroj-Kovara B\u00eer<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Nusret Ayd\u0131n,\u00a0Diyarbekir ve M\u0131rdasiler Tarihi (Piran- G\u00eel-\u00c7ermog-Pale)<\/em>, s. 23, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2011<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u015eevket Beysano\u011flu,\u00a0An\u0131tlar\u0131 ve Kitabeleri ile Diyarbak\u0131r Tarihi<\/em>, s. 55, Diyarbak\u0131r B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2003<\/p>\n

*<\/a>\u00a0Tarihte\u00a0Nihriya<\/strong>\u00a0ve\u00a0Nairi<\/strong>\u00a0olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan\u00a0Nirib<\/strong>: Diyarbekir\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Hani kazas\u0131n\u0131n kuzey ve kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan b\u00f6lgenin ad\u0131d\u0131r, bir dizi k\u00f6ylerden ibaret olup K\u00fcrt\u00e7e \u201cN\u00earib<\/strong>\u201d \u015feklinde telaffuz edilir. Bug\u00fcn b\u00f6lgede yer alan k\u00f6ylerin isimleri: 1- N\u00eariba Axan, 2-N\u00eariba \u00c7\u00fblagan, 3- N\u00eariba Mel\u00eekan, 4- N\u00eariba Al\u00eeyan, 5- N\u00eariba Wisifan, 6- N\u00eariba Cimsatan, 7- N\u00eariba Topalan<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u015eevket Beysano\u011flu,\u00a0Age.,<\/em>\u00a0s. 62<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u015eevket Beysano\u011flu,\u00a0An\u0131tlar\u0131 ve Kitabeleri ile Diyarbak\u0131r Tarihi<\/em>, s. 117, Diyarbak\u0131r B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2003<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0 Ali Emiri,\u00a0Diyarbekir Vilayetinin Tarih\u00e7esi<\/em>, War dergisi, say\u0131: 9, s. 105, Diyarbak\u0131r, Pay\u00eez-Zivistan 2000<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130bn\u2019\u00fcl Erzak,\u00a0Mervan\u00ee K\u00fcrtleri Tarihi<\/em>, s. 65-66, Koral Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00c7ev. M Emin Bozarslan, \u0130stanbul<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u015eevket Beysano\u011flu, Age., s. 212<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Ripper,\u00a0Diyarbekir Mervanileri: \u0130slami Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da bir K\u00fcrt Hanedan\u0131<\/em>, s. 15, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2012<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Ripper, Age., s. 18<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u015eevket Beysano\u011flu, Age., s. 212<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri Amid\u00ee,\u00a0Amid-i Sevda<\/em>, no: 3, s. 33-39, 10 Mart 1325 [23 Mart 1909] Diyarbekir-El Cezire\/Mesopotamie<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0Yusuf el-Menaz\u00ee\u2019nin as\u0131l ad\u0131 Eb\u00fb Nasr El- Menaz\u00ee\u2019ydi ve aslen Menazgirdli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in memleketinin ad\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na izafetle kendisine \u201cMenaz\u00ee\u201d denmi\u015ftir. Kendisi yetenekli bir \u015fair olup birka\u00e7 defa el\u00e7i olarak Konstantiniye gidip Rum kral\u0131yla da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri Amid\u00ee, Age., s. 33-39<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0\u015eevket Beysano\u011flu, Age., s. 296<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>\u00a0\u015eevket Beysano\u011flu, Age., s. 298-99<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>\u00a0Mihemed Lay\u00ea Brah\u00eem Lay\u00ea Mihemed Lay\u00ea Eb\u00fb L-Fewris Ebdulez\u00eez\u00ea Ensar\u00ee y\u00ea Xerzec\u00ee,\u00a0Tar\u00eexa Dewleta Kurdan<\/em>, Wergera ji Ereb\u00ee: M. Em\u00een Naroz\u00ee, r. 68, We\u015fan\u00ean Azad, Mersin, 2015<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri,\u00a0Diyarbekir Vilayetinin Tarih\u00e7esi<\/em>, War dergisi, say\u0131: 9, s. 107, Diyarbak\u0131r, Pay\u00eez-Zivistan 2000<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri Amid\u00ee, Age., s. 33-39<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri Amid\u00ee, Age., s. 33-39<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a>\u00a0Arthur Goldschmidt JR.-Lawrence Davidson,\u00a0K\u0131sa Ortado\u011fu Tarihi<\/em>, s. 144, Doruk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2008<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a>\u00a0Nusret Ayd\u0131n,\u00a0Diyarbekir ve M\u0131rdasiler Tarihi (Piran- G\u00eel-\u00c7ermog-Pale)<\/em>, s. 204, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2011<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri,\u00a0Diyarbekir Vilayetinin Tarih\u00e7esi<\/em>, War dergisi, say\u0131: 9, s. 108, Diyarbak\u0131r, Pay\u00eez-Zivistan 2000<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri, Age., s.108<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri Amid\u00ee, Age., s. 33-39<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri Amid\u00ee, Age., s. 33-39<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a>\u00a0Mehrdad R. Izady,\u00a0K\u00fcrtler<\/em>, s. 107, Doz Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2004<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a>\u00a0Ali Emiri,\u00a0Yavuz Sultan Selim Han Hazretleri Taraf\u0131ndan Amid \u015eehrinin Fethi ve Egemenlik Alt\u0131na Al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/em>\u00a0(Amid-i Sevda<\/em>, 7 \u015eubat 1907), \u00e7eviren: A. U\u00e7aman, Kovara\u00a0War<\/em>, no: 1, s. 57, \u0130stanbul, Yaz 1997<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a>\u00a0Evliya \u00c7elebi,\u00a0Seyahatname<\/em>, 4. Cilt, haz: S. A. Kahraman-Y\u00fccel Da\u011fl\u0131, Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2001<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Diyarbekir Saray Diyarbekir ve \u00e7evresinin k\u00fclt\u00fcr zenginli\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00f6ncelikle b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihini ayd\u0131nlatmak ve bunun i\u00e7in de ciddi bir tarihsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak gerekir. Baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemler yeterince ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, bu konuda az\u0131msanmayacak nispette de\u011ferli eserler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli derecede istifade etti\u011fim kaynaklar\u0131 ve bu \u00e7ok de\u011ferli eserleri bize …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":21586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[396,4130,5571,573,3939,5569,1616,5567,5568,5570],"class_list":["post-21585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-amed","tag-amida","tag-asurlar","tag-diyarbakir","tag-diyarbekir","tag-huriler","tag-manset","tag-subartu","tag-subartular","tag-urartu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21585"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21585\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}