{"id":21581,"date":"2020-02-15T12:53:29","date_gmt":"2020-02-15T09:53:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21581"},"modified":"2020-02-15T12:54:01","modified_gmt":"2020-02-15T09:54:01","slug":"ludwig-paul-zazalar-kurd-zazaki-kurdi-bir-dildir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21581","title":{"rendered":"Ludwig Paul: Zazalar K\u00fcrd, Zazak\u00ee K\u00fcrd\u00ee Bir Dildir"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ludwig Paul, Zazalar\u0131n K\u00fcrd oldu\u011funu ve Zazak\u00eenin K\u00fcrd\u00ee bir \u201cdil\u201d oldu\u011funu, her dil bir millettir teorisinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir milletin bir\u00e7ok dilinin olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Ludwig Paul, Almanya\u2019da, Hamburg \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisidir, \u0130ranologdur. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, yaz\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, r\u00f6portajlar\u0131n\u0131 okumu\u015ftum. Ge\u00e7en yaz, iki g\u00fcn arka arkaya u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131, kendisiyle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, sohbet etmi\u015ftik.<\/p>\n

14.02.2020 tarihinde, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da, Dicle \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 bir enstit\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda, \u201cThe History of Iranian Languages\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir sunum yapt\u0131. \u00d6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi bir arkada\u015f\u0131n daveti \u00fczerine biz de kat\u0131ld\u0131k. Yakla\u015f\u0131k otuz kadar dinleyici vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Profes\u00f6r, sunumunda yedi-sekiz slaytta \u0130rani dillerden yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk kadar s\u00f6zc\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak Fonoloji (Sesbilgisi) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan teknik bir \u015fekilde kimi ses de\u011fi\u015fimlerini g\u00f6sterdi, buna Morfoloji (Bi\u00e7imbilim) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek ekledi ve bu \u015fekilde \u0130rani dilleri nas\u0131l tan\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Buna itiraz ettik. Sadece Fonoloji ve Morfoloji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinden diller tasnif edilemez, dedik.<\/p>\n

Profes\u00f6r, \u00f6rne\u011fin,\u00a0S<\/strong>\u00a0sesinin\u00a0H<\/strong>\u00a0sesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnden s\u00f6z ederken K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ve Fars\u00e7a\u2019da on say\u0131s\u0131 olan \u201cdeh<\/strong>\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rnek vermi\u015fti, Zazak\u00ee\u2019de bunun \u201cdes<\/strong>\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Biz de, Far\u00e7a\u2019da bal\u0131k s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cmah<\/strong>\u00ee\u201d oldu\u011funu ama K\u00fcrt\u00e7ede (Zazak\u00ee, Kurmanc\u00ee ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm leh\u00e7elerde) \u201cMas<\/strong>e\/\u00ee\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledik. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, dil \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, sadece kimi s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri aradan se\u00e7erek, teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlendirerek \u00f6yle birka\u00e7 ses de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00fczerinden dilleri tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131n\u0131n, kategorile\u015ftirmelerinin ve daha sonra da kimlik tayin edici zemin yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledik.<\/p>\n

As\u0131l olarak K\u00fcrt\u00e7e diyalektleri aras\u0131ndaki ortak \u00f6zelliklere hi\u00e7 de\u011finmeden, bu \u015fekilde s\u00f6zc\u00fck se\u00e7erek az say\u0131daki farkl\u0131l\u0131klara odakland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledik. Kald\u0131 ki, \u0130rani diller aras\u0131nda hem yo\u011fun bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi s\u00f6z konusu hem de ses de\u011fi\u015fiminin \u00f6yle sistematik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, istikrarl\u0131 bir ses farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, konunun olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin karakteristik bir sistemsel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e leh\u00e7elerine as\u0131l bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledik. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Kurmanc\u00ee ve Zazak\u00ee leh\u00e7eleri Akuzatif ve Ergativ sistem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sade ve b\u00fck\u00fcnl\u00fc olmadan kaynakl\u0131 \u00e7iftlili\u011fin, diyelimki \u201cben\u201d zamirinin \u201cez\u201d ve \u201cmin\u201d \u015feklinde iki formunun olu\u015fu, yine, s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin eril, di\u015fil ve \u00e7o\u011ful olma \u00f6zellikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir elman\u0131n iki yar\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledik.<\/p>\n

Prof. Ludwig Paul, sunumunu zay\u0131f bir Kurmanc\u00ee-Zazak\u00ee kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile yapt\u0131, arada, itirazlar\u0131m\u0131za \u0130ngilizce cevaplar verdi. Arkada\u015flar, terc\u00fcme etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama ne kadar\u0131n\u0131 aktarabildiklerini bilemiyorum. Bu \u015fekilde, dil konusundan dolay\u0131, birbirimizi \u00e7ok da sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, yeterli ileti\u015fim kurabildi\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum. Ama kaba taslak, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

Ludwig Paul, Zazalar\u0131n K\u00fcrd oldu\u011funu ve Zazak\u00eenin K\u00fcrdi bir \u201cdil\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. \u201cHer dil bir millettir\u201d teorisinin nasyonalist bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buna ekledi. Bunun \u00e7ok geride kalm\u0131\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce oldu\u011funu \u00f6zellikle vurgulad\u0131. Bir milletin bir\u00e7ok dilinin olabilece\u011fini, T\u00fcrk dillerinin olmas\u0131n\u0131 buna \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

Biz de, T\u00fcrkler, b\u00fct\u00fcn dillerini \u201cleh\u00e7e\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, \u201cuzak leh\u00e7e\u201d ve \u201cyak\u0131n leh\u00e7e\u201d \u015feklinden kategorile\u015ftirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131k. Ludwig Paul, T\u00fcrkolog olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama T\u00fcrklerin metodunun yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Biz, buna da itiraz ettik, bunun kriterinin ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledik, T\u00fcrklerin kendi dillerini tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yanl\u0131\u015f ol\u015fabilece\u011fini sorduk. Cevaplayamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Biz, dilbilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda y\u00f6ntemlerin ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlar\u0131n da kesin olarak do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yanl\u0131\u015f da olmayabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledik. \u0130\u015fte, her dilbilimcinin, her milletin kendince bir tarifi oldu\u011funu, kendini ve dilini kendine g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tan\u0131mlayabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledik.<\/p>\n

Ludwig Paul, bunun do\u011fru oldu\u011funu, e\u011fer istersem Amerika\u2019da konu\u015fulan \u0130ngilizceyi Almancan\u0131n bir leh\u00e7esi olarak da kan\u0131tlayabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Ama metot konusunda, Mackenzie\u2019nin \u00e7ok iyi bir dilbilimci ve \u0130ranist oldu\u011funu, hocas\u0131 oldu\u011funu, hayat\u0131 boyunca tek bir ki\u015fiye doktora verdi\u011fini, o da kendisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Mackenzie\u2019nin metoduna g\u00fcvendi\u011fini, inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Biz de, hocas\u0131 oldu\u011fundan ve kendisine doktora verdi\u011finden dolay\u0131 duygusal olarak Mackenzie\u2019nin metoduna, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledik.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Prof. Dr. Ludwig Paul\u2019un uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 metodun dilleri tan\u0131mlamada yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ikna edici olmaktan \u00e7ok uzak oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck ve ilettik. \u0130ngilizce olarak verdi\u011fi cevapta, e\u011fer yanl\u0131\u015f terc\u00fcme edilmemi\u015fse, kendisinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 metoda yanl\u0131\u015f denilmesini umursamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Fonoloji ve Morfoloji esas al\u0131narak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f birka\u00e7 u\u00e7 \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinden diller tan\u0131mlanamaz. Do\u011frusu, bunlarla birlikte Leksikoloji (S\u00f6zc\u00fckbilim), Sentaks (S\u00f6zdizim), Semantik (Anlambilim), S\u00f6z \u00f6bekleri, dilin sistemsel yap\u0131s\u0131 ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6geleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin s\u00f6zel kal\u0131plar, \u00f6bekler; deyimler ve atas\u00f6zleri vs. a\u00e7\u0131lardan dil komple ele al\u0131nmal\u0131, e\u011fer tan\u0131mlanacaksa budan sonra tan\u0131mlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki dil de\u011fi\u015fkendir ve \u00f6yle kesin s\u0131n\u0131rlarla tan\u0131mlanacak bir \u015fey de de\u011fildir. Her dilbilimcinin hatta her milletin kendince bir dil veya leh\u00e7e tarifi vard\u0131r ve bunlar olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 olabilir. Dil \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, bunu yok sayarak sadece teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan bakarak \u00f6yle birka\u00e7 ses de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00fczerinden dilleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131, kategorile\u015ftirmeleri do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bilimsel de olamaz.<\/p>\n

Ro\u015fan Lezgin- zazaki.net<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ludwig Paul, Zazalar\u0131n K\u00fcrd oldu\u011funu ve Zazak\u00eenin K\u00fcrd\u00ee bir \u201cdil\u201d oldu\u011funu, her dil bir millettir teorisinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir milletin bir\u00e7ok dilinin olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Prof. Dr. Ludwig Paul, Almanya\u2019da, Hamburg \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisidir, \u0130ranologdur. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, yaz\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, r\u00f6portajlar\u0131n\u0131 okumu\u015ftum. Ge\u00e7en yaz, iki g\u00fcn arka arkaya u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131, kendisiyle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, sohbet etmi\u015ftik. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":21582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5371],"tags":[5566,1616,930,140,559,244],"class_list":["post-21581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-alinti-yazilar","tag-ludwig-paul","tag-manset","tag-millet","tag-zaza","tag-zazaca","tag-zazaki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21581"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21581\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}