{"id":21399,"date":"2018-12-09T08:00:44","date_gmt":"2018-12-09T05:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21399"},"modified":"2018-12-07T14:48:08","modified_gmt":"2018-12-07T11:48:08","slug":"bitlis-kurd-haninin-1655deki-dillere-destan-kutuphanesi-ve-akibeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=21399","title":{"rendered":"Bitlis K\u00fcrd Han\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1655\u2019deki dillere destan k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ve ak\u0131beti"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u2018Ey vilayet halk\u0131, ka\u00e7an han\u0131n bu Van kuluna 200 kese borcu vard\u0131r ve 40 bin koyun Malazgird Beyi Mehmed beye verece\u011fi vard\u0131r. Bu rica etti\u011finiz beyiniz bu mallar\u0131 vermeyi \u00fcstlenir mi?. Siz de hepiniz \u00fcstlenip tahsilatta yard\u0131mc\u0131 olursan\u0131z, b\u00fct\u00fcn sizin ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n istekleriyle rica eyledi\u011finiz beye hil\u2019at-i fahire giydirip, saadetli padi\u015faha da arz edeyim. Yoksa b\u00f6yle kabul etmezseniz S\u00fcleyman (Kanuni) Han zaman\u0131nda nas\u0131l ki Bitlis Eyaleti Ulama Pa\u015fa\u2019ya verildiyse, yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Osmano\u011flu\u2019nun (Osmanl\u0131lar) bir kuluna Bitlis H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni verip padi\u015faha yaz\u0131p arz ederim ona g\u00f6re\u2019.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Van Beylerbeyi sorumlusu Melek Ahmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 31 Temmuz 1655 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Bitlis\u2019in ileri gelenlerine Bitlis Kalesi\u2019ni ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131 bu \u015fekildeydi. Pa\u015fa zaten \u00f6ncesinden Abdal Han\u2019\u0131 kendisine rakip g\u00f6rmekte, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve itibar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131skanmakta ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ba\u011flanmak istememesine doluydu. \u00dcstelik en son ki \u2018Van\u2019a adamlar\u0131n ile birlikte gelip bizlerin Van Kalesi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015faltmam\u0131za yard\u0131m et\u2019 emrine, \u2018Bizim atlar\u0131m\u0131z Van\u2019da su i\u00e7mez Pa\u015fa\u2019 cevab\u0131 ile, Bitlis h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131- Van beylerbeyli\u011fi aras\u0131na koydu\u011fu mesafeyi de g\u00f6stermi\u015fti Abdal Han. Bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 da tuzu biberi olmu\u015ftu Melek Ahmed\u2019in Bitlis\u2019e sald\u0131r\u0131 karar\u0131 i\u00e7in. Ancak Bitlis ahalisi \u2018Ne olur sultan\u0131m ka\u00e7an han\u0131n c\u00fcmle bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 verelim, ancak Bitlis\u2019i Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ba\u011flayarak, buray\u0131 bir Osmano\u011flu beylerbeyili\u011fi haline getirme\u2019 diye serzeni\u015fte bulunur.<\/p>\n

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Melek Ahmed, on binlerce ordusu ve ona destek veren baz\u0131 K\u00fcrd liderleri ile birlikte, Bitlis Kalesi\u2019ne ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Abdal Han\u2019a Rahva \u00fczerinden sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, bir ka\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck zorlu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma sonunda kaleyi ve \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya boyun e\u011fmeyen ve y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r kendi topraklar\u0131nda kendi kendini y\u00f6netmi\u015f Rojkilerin lideri olan Bitlis\u2019in K\u00fcrd h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Abdal Han ise, yak\u0131n ve g\u00fcvendi\u011fi adamlar\u0131 ile Mutki Mereto da\u011flar\u0131na \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine Mutki m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda kalarak geriye d\u00f6necek olan Abdal Han\u2019\u0131n yerine, Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve itaat etmesi i\u00e7in o\u011flu Ziyaeddin, Melek Ahmed Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fa ge\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n

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Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren Bitlis\u2019i ku\u015fatma ve ele ge\u00e7irme hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131 ve sonras\u0131 \u015fehir de, kale de ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015f ve Abdal Han\u2019\u0131n kaledeki ve ba\u011fdaki saraylar\u0131ndaki o dillere destan hazinesi ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi de bu ya\u011fma ve talandan nasiplerini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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B\u00fct\u00fcn bu vuku bulan hadiseler s\u0131ras\u0131nda Melek Ahmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda ve Bitlis\u2019te olan \u00fcnl\u00fc seyyah Evliya \u00c7elebi \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u2018\u00f6nce 70 adet s\u00f6z sahibi a\u011fa, \u015fehir kad\u0131s\u0131 ve hakir Bitlis Kalesi\u2019ne gidip b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u015fyalar\u0131 hakirin m\u00fchr\u00fcyle bulup 70 adet kat\u0131ra o \u00e7uvallar\u0131 y\u00fckleyip ota\u011fda da\u011flar gibi y\u0131\u011fd\u0131lar. Sonra Bitlis\u2019in m\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc, mollas\u0131 ve di\u011fer a\u011falar ile han ba\u011f\u0131na var\u0131l\u0131p, han\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn hazinesi ve cephanesini o\u011flu Ziyaeddin Han yard\u0131m\u0131yla 150 kat\u0131ra y\u00fcklediler. Bir \u00e7ivi bile bir hardal tanesi bile kalmay\u0131p hepsi ota\u011fa tepe tepe da\u011flar gibi y\u0131\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130slam ordusuna ve t\u00fcm beylere haber olunup Rahova Sahras\u0131 (Bitlis \u2013 Tatvan aras\u0131ndaki Rahva Ovas\u0131) insan deryas\u0131 olup mezat oldu\u2019.<\/p>\n

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Abdal Han\u2019\u0131n hazine ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin y\u00fczlerce at ve kat\u0131r s\u0131rt\u0131nda, sand\u0131k ve\u00a0 torbalar i\u00e7inde Rahva Ovas\u0131\u2019na y\u0131\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu ya\u011fma, talan ve tarumar edilmelerinin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar \u00c7elebi. B\u00fcy\u00fck alim, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr siyaset ve devlet adam\u0131 olan Abdal Han, ilime, bilime, edebiyat ve kitaba \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem veren, ehemmiyet ve sayg\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olarak bilinir tarihte. Kendi yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetmi\u015f alt\u0131 adet Fars\u00e7a, Arap\u00e7a ve K\u00fcrd\u00e7e el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u015fiirlerinin ve notlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu anlatan, seyyah ve tarih\u00e7ilerin yan\u0131nda, Han\u2019\u0131n \u015fahsi \u00e7aba ve giri\u015fimleri ile toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 binlerce kitap ve el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n da k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yine \u00c7elebi aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitaplara olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve onlara olan sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, her bir siyasi ileti\u015fim, yaz\u0131\u015fma ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi hediye sand\u0131\u011f\u0131na, bir adet de kitap koymas\u0131 ile de bilinen sayg\u0131n bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdard\u0131 Abdal Han. Mesela Melek Ahmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n bir Bitlis ziyaretinde, Abdal Han ona \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc eserlerden olu\u015fan yirmi ciltlik kitap hediye etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde seyyah Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019ye de iki \u00fcnl\u00fc eser olan \u015eehname ve Kitab\u0131-\u0131 G\u00fclistan\u2019\u0131 hediye etti\u011fini Evliya\u2019n\u0131n kendisi anlat\u0131r. Han\u2019\u0131n o dillere destan, inan\u0131lmaz zengin k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini ise \u015f\u00f6yle aktar\u0131r seyyah:<\/p>\n

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\u2018Evvela on yedi cilt melikler i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fccevher kapl\u0131 Ya\u2019kut-\u0131 Musta\u2019s\u0131mi, Ahmed Karahisari, \u015eeyh-i Bayezid-i Veli hatt\u0131 Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in yar\u0131s\u0131 ciltsiz, \u015eeyhzade dede Mehmed, 1 adet Abdullah K\u0131r\u0131mi hatt\u0131 Kelam-\u0131 \u0130zzet, \u00dcsk\u00fcdari Hasan \u00c7elebi, Halid Efendi, Demircikulu, Karahisari \u00f6\u011frencisi Hasan \u00c7elebi ve Bekri hatt\u0131, k\u0131sacas\u0131 17 adet Mushaflar, ki her biri ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u00fcnl\u00fc hattatlar\u0131n hatlar\u0131yla birer padi\u015fah i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerimler idi. Tamam\u0131 1300 adet citli nefis kitaplar ve tefsirler, tarih kitaplar\u0131 ve 700 cilt t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc ba\u015fka kitaplar idi. Dahas\u0131 70 adet ciltli \u00f6zel tefsirler ki her biri bin \u015feyh\u00fclislamda bulunmaz de\u011ferli tefsirler idi. Peygamber efendimizin hadislerinin bulundu\u011fu ayr\u0131ca 1300 adet ciltli kitaplar var idi. Bunlardan ba\u015fka Kuduri, M\u00fclteka, Ke\u015f\u015faf, K\u00fchistani, Molla Cami, manzum tecvid ilmine dair \u015eat\u0131bi, manzum Cezeri ve Kamus Lugat\u0131, Ahteri Lugat\u0131, \u015eemsi Lugat\u0131, Ibn Melek Lugat\u0131 ve \u00c7arperi kitab\u0131 ve buna benzer b\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczeri kitaplard\u0131\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00c7elebi burada Abdal Han\u2019\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanesindeki s\u00f6zl\u00fck, f\u0131k\u0131h ve ilime dayal\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 sayd\u0131ktan sonra \u00fcnl\u00fc edebi i\u00e7erikli eserler ile devam ediyor, ki binin \u00fczerinde edebi esere sahip oldu\u011funu aktar\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u2018Sonra 20 cilt ta\u2019lik hatt\u0131 ile \u015eehname-i Firdevsi-i Tusi, bin cilt de\u011fi\u015fik hatlar ile Hamse-i Nizamiler, Divan-i Molla Cami, Hasan \u00c7elebi Tezkiret\u00fc\u2019\u015f-\u015fu\u2019aras\u0131, Latifi Tezkiresi, Sa\u2019ib Divan\u0131, Baki Divan\u0131, Nef\u2019i Divan\u0131 ve Nef\u2019i Siham-\u0131 Kazas\u0131, Nisari Divan\u0131, Enveri Divan\u0131, Hakani Divan\u0131 ve bunlara benze ayr\u0131ca bin cilt hamseler, ki her biri nak\u0131\u015fl\u0131, tezhipli, nefis ve meliklere lay\u0131k derleme kitaplar idi. Ve 260 adet ciltli ibret verici murakka mecmualar\u0131 ki her bir sayfas\u0131nda olan par\u00e7alar y\u00fczer kuru\u015f de\u011fer. Bir murakka ciltli mecmua da tamam\u0131 600 varak (sayfa) idi, b\u00fct\u00fcn yapraklar\u0131 Sultan Beyaz\u0131d Han-\u0131 Veli asr\u0131ndaki \u015eeyh hazretlerinin hatlar\u0131 idi\u2019.<\/p>\n

Abdal Han\u2019\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanesindeki dedesi \u015eerefxane Bedlisi\u2019nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018K\u00fcrd Tarihi \u015eerefname\u2019 de dahil, de\u011fi\u015fik tarih kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011funa da dikkat \u00e7eken \u00c7elebi, y\u00fczlerce teoloji, \u0130slam tarihi, sosyoloji, co\u011frafya, ahlak ve tasavvuf ilmi i\u00e7eren kitaplar\u0131 da anlat\u0131r. O zaman Avrupa\u2019da daha yeni \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ilk resimli d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 olan \u2018Papa Munta\u2019 adl\u0131 kitaba dahi sahiptir Abdal Han. Hem do\u011fulu hem de bat\u0131l\u0131 bilim ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma insanlar\u0131n\u0131n haritalar\u0131, yery\u00fcz\u00fc, astronomi, t\u0131p, tabiat, anatomi ile ilgili eserleri ve felsefe kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n da, Abdal Han\u2019\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bulundu\u011funu, isim isim s\u0131ralayarak \u2018han\u0131n kendi m\u00fchr\u00fcyle yedi adet sandukalar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan nefis ve de\u011ferli kitaplar ve g\u00fcvenilir tarihleri bildirir\u2019, \u015feklinde Seyahatname\u2019sinde belirtir Evliya \u00c7elebi.<\/p>\n

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Rahva Ovas\u0131\u2019nda istiflenerek mezata \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu binlerce e\u015fsiz eserden olu\u015fan k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin, nas\u0131l ya\u011fmaland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ise yine \u00c7elebi \u015fahitlik etmi\u015f: \u2018Nice bin me\u015fhur b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcstatlar\u0131n seyre de\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici kalem eserleri, murakka ve tasvirler (resimler), t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc Ekrad (K\u00fcrdler), derinti cahil cemapur tayfas\u0131 ve nice bin napak Etrak (T\u00fcrkler) elinde, mezatta elden ele gezmekteydi. Bu ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en ha\u015feratlar her yapra\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, baz\u0131 yapraklar\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131p, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131p \u00f6rseliyor, tellal elinde \u00e7ad\u0131rdan \u00e7ad\u0131ra gezip her par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 katlay\u0131p k\u0131r\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak ucuza sat\u0131yordu\u2019.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Abdal Han\u2019\u0131n hazinesi ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn boyunca mezat halinde sat\u0131\u015fa sunuldu\u011fu, ya\u011fmaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve darmada\u011f\u0131n edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen \u00c7elebi, mezat\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle yans\u0131t\u0131yor: \u2018Ak\u015fam vakti yak\u0131n oldu\u011fundan divan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p o gece yeni Han (Ziyaeddin) taraf\u0131ndan 1.000 nefer adam ve pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan 3.000 adet silahl\u0131 asker ota\u011f\u0131 koruyup sat\u0131lmayan e\u015fyalar\u0131 korumakla g\u00f6revlendirildiler. K\u0131sacas\u0131 bu kalan e\u015fyalar nas\u0131l sat\u0131ld\u0131 ve her biri ne kadara sat\u0131l\u0131p ne kadar mal topland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hazine defterdar\u0131 gibi tek tek yaz\u0131p defter eylesek, bir cilt tereke kitab\u0131 olup seyahatimize engel olur. Ancak denizde damla g\u00fcne\u015fte zerre kadar yazd\u0131k. Bunlardan ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131n\u0131 Cenab-\u0131 Bari bilir, ki say\u0131s\u0131z padi\u015fahane k\u0131yafetler ve H\u00fcsrevane metalar\u0131n haddi say\u0131s\u0131 yoktu\u2019.<\/p>\n

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Baran Zeydanl\u0131o\u011flu-Bitlisname<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kaynaklar:<\/p>\n

Evliya \u00c7elebi Seyahatnamesi, 4. Kitap, 1. Cilt. YKY.<\/p>\n

Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019nin Sundu\u011fu \u00d6nemli Bir Portre: Bitlis Han\u0131 Abdal Han \u00a0\u2013 Yasemin Beyaz\u0131t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u2018Ey vilayet halk\u0131, ka\u00e7an han\u0131n bu Van kuluna 200 kese borcu vard\u0131r ve 40 bin koyun Malazgird Beyi Mehmed beye verece\u011fi vard\u0131r. Bu rica etti\u011finiz beyiniz bu mallar\u0131 vermeyi \u00fcstlenir mi?. Siz de hepiniz \u00fcstlenip tahsilatta yard\u0131mc\u0131 olursan\u0131z, b\u00fct\u00fcn sizin ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n istekleriyle rica eyledi\u011finiz beye hil\u2019at-i fahire giydirip, saadetli padi\u015faha da arz edeyim. Yoksa b\u00f6yle …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":21400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[5478,5477,5480,5479,4329,5482,117,1616,734,4701,5481],"class_list":["post-21399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-gisti","tag-abdal-han","tag-baran-zeydanoglu","tag-beyazid-han-i-veli","tag-ekrad","tag-evliya-celebi","tag-kitabi-i-gulistan","tag-kurtler","tag-manset","tag-osmanli","tag-osmanli-devleti","tag-sehname-i-firdevsi-i-tusi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21399"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21399\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}