{"id":2118,"date":"2015-12-22T21:00:43","date_gmt":"2015-12-22T19:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/?p=2118"},"modified":"2016-01-26T22:14:36","modified_gmt":"2016-01-26T20:14:36","slug":"i-dunya-savasi-sonrasi-kurulan-kurt-cemiyetleri-ibrahim-sediyani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=2118","title":{"rendered":"I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Kurulan K\u00fcrt Cemiyetleri-\u0130brahim Sediyani"},"content":{"rendered":"

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 (1914 \u2013 18) sonras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda, K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015funa (1923) kadar, ikisi 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ikisi 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda, biri 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda, biri de 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere 6 cemiyet, bir de yine 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere bir siyas\u00ee parti ve yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l bir kul\u00fcp kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu yap\u0131lanmalar \u015funlard\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u00fcrt Tamim-i Maarif ve Ne\u015friyat Cemiyeti (= K\u00fcrt \u0130limleri ve Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma Cemiyeti)<\/em> \u2192 1918<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti (= K\u00fcrdistan \u0130lerleme Cemiyeti)<\/em> \u2192 1918<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u00fcrt Teali Nisvan Cemiyeti (= K\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130lerleme Cemiyeti)<\/em> \u2192 1919<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u00fcrt Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tim\u00e2iye Cemiyeti (= K\u00fcrt Toplumsal \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme Cemiyeti)<\/em> \u2192 1919<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u00fcrt Mill\u00ee F\u0131rkas\u0131 (= K\u00fcrt Mill\u00ee Partisi)<\/em> \u2192 1919 (cemiyet de\u011fil parti olu\u015funa dikkat!)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u00fcrt Kul\u00fcb\u00fc \u2192 1919 (cemiyet de\u011fil kul\u00fcp olu\u015funa dikkat!)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u00fcrdistan Cemiyeti \u2192 1920<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u00fcrdistan \u0130stikl\u00e2l Cemiyeti (Azad\u00ee) \u2192 1921<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi bu yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla tan\u0131yal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u25ba<\/strong> K\u00fcrt Tamim-i Maarif ve Ne\u015friyat Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n

1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u201cK\u00fcrt Tamim-i Maarif ve Ne\u015friyat Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong>nin ad\u0131 Arap\u00e7a\u2019da\u201cK\u00fcrt \u0130limleri ve Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong> anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. (1)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin ba\u015fkan\u0131, Van\u2019\u0131n M\u00fbks (Bah\u00e7esaray)<\/em> il\u00e7esinden Hamza Bey<\/strong>\u2019dir. Cemiyetin en \u00f6nemli etkinliklerinden biri, Ahmedi Xan\u00ee\u2019nin \u201cMem \u00fb Z\u00een\u201d<\/strong> adl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz eserini ilk kez kitap olarak \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131nlamas\u0131d\u0131r. (2)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"M\u00fbkslu<\/a><\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemde yay\u0131nlanan \u201cJ\u00een\u201d<\/strong> (= Hayat)<\/em>dergisinde, cemiyetin kurulu\u015fu \u015fu \u015fekilde haber yap\u0131l\u0131p duyurulmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u00fcrt dili, tarihi ve co\u011frafyas\u0131 ile iktisad ve sosyolojisine ili\u015fkin incelemelerde ve yay\u0131nda bulunmak ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda mu\u00e2s\u0131r ilimleri yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere, K\u00fcrt Tamim-i Ne\u015fr-i Maarif Cemiyeti ad\u0131yla bir ilim cemiyetinin kurulmas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki haz\u0131rl\u0131klar son bulmu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/strong> (3)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyet, \u201cJ\u00een\u201d<\/strong> dergisinin ba\u015fka bir say\u0131s\u0131nda ise bir beyanname yay\u0131nlar:<\/p>\n

\u201cCemiyetimizin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcnden maksad, yaln\u0131z mesa\u00ee-yi siyas\u00eeye ile idame-i mevc\u00fbd\u00eeyetine imk\u00e2n tasavvur olunamayan milletimizi, istikbale m\u00e2tuf ve tamam\u0131yle ilm\u00ee bir esas dahilinde asr\u00ee kabiliyetlerle techizdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Filhakika bu nokta-i nazardan, bedbaht durumdaki K\u00fcrt kavmi, yirminci asr-\u0131 terakk\u00eede a\u011flanacak, \u015f\u00eenaver bir vaziyete maliktir. Yar\u0131nki cidal ve rekabet sahas\u0131nda hak ve hayat\u0131na tevcih edilecek m\u00fchacem\u00e2t-\u0131 imhak\u00e2r\u00e2neye kar\u015f\u0131 sil\u00e2h-\u0131 m\u00fcdafaadan bilk\u00fcll\u00eeye mahrumdur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evl\u00e2d-\u0131 Adem\u2019in k\u00fc\u015fad ettikleri r\u00e2y\u00e2t-\u0131 mill\u00eeyet alt\u0131nda, \u2013 tesad\u00fcf\u00fcn as\u0131rlarda birden ancak akvam\u0131n p\u00ee\u015fg\u00e2h-\u0131 istifadesine vaz\u2019etti\u011fi \u2013 f\u0131rsatlardan hisse-i intifa\u0131n\u0131 koparmaya \u015fitaban olduklar\u0131 bir devirde, ne el\u00eem su-i talihtir ki, bizler, m\u00fcvacehe-i medeniyette iddia-i istihkak edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ve b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fkil\u00e2ta m\u00e2ruz kal\u0131yoruz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Diyorlar ki milletlerin berat-\u0131 hak ve istihkak\u0131, cereyan-\u0131 asra hempa bir lisan ve tarihe, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00e2nas\u0131yle mill\u00ee m\u00fcesseselere malikiyettir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adaleti tevz\u00ee eden dar-\u0131 hak ve emane duh\u00fbl\u00fc temin edebilen ni\u015fan-\u0131 ruhsat, varak-\u0131 h\u00fcviyet yaln\u0131z bunlard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cahil\u00e2ne ve m\u00fcfrit iddialardan sarf-\u0131 nazarla itiraf edelim ki K\u00fcrtl\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn bu cihetteki noksan\u0131 az\u00eem ve el\u00eemdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle olmakla beraber, vehle-i \u00fbl\u00e2d\u00e2 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u015fu noksan, hakik\u00ee olmaktan ziyade zahir\u00eedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bug\u00fcn bir hazine-i telif\u00e2ta malik bulunmamak fel\u00e2keti, K\u00fcrtler\u2019e g\u00f6re \u011fayr-i kabil-i t\u00e2mir bi ziyan te\u015fkil etmekten \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131r. Milletin kabiliy\u00e2t-\u0131 hulkiyesi, lisan\u0131n vus\u2019at\u0131, kavaid-i sarf\u0131ye ve nahviyesinin irae etti\u011fi kem\u00e2l ve intizam, onu, az bir himmet ve zaman sarf\u0131yle, elsine-i haz\u0131ran\u0131n ekserine nasib olmayan bir paye-i tekemm\u00fcle irkaya m\u00fcsaid bir haldedir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Milletlerin \u015fu ihtiyar topra\u011fa aid mesa\u00eeye hitam vererek semalarla u\u011fra\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 as\u0131rlarda medeniyet-i be\u015feriyenin ilk temelta\u015f\u0131 olan lisanla, onun tanz\u00eem ve tens\u00eeki ile u\u011fra\u015fmak fec\u00eedir. Fakat bu noksan\u0131, sevad-\u0131 \u00e2zam-\u0131 millete tahm\u00eel ederek onlan mes\u2019\u00fbl tutmak, bu y\u00fczden hukuk-\u0131 insan\u00eeye ve tabi\u00eeyelerini tahd\u00eed veya gasbe kendinde bir hak g\u00f6rmek, \u015f\u00eeme-i adalet ve insan\u00eeyetle istihz\u00e2dan ba\u015fka bir\u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evet, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc haliyle dahi akvam-\u0131 haz\u0131ra lisanlar\u0131ndan ekserine iddia-i r\u00fcchan edebilecek bir vus\u2019at ve m\u00fckemmeliyete malik dilimizi, muktaza-i asra muvaf\u0131k bir \u015fekilde tedv\u00een edemedi\u011fimiz, bir hakikat, hem de ac\u0131 bir hakikatt\u0131r. Ancak, daha bir as\u0131r evvele kadar feyizbar bir inki\u015faf-\u0131 edebiye malik oldu\u011funu bizlere intikal edebilen klasik m\u00fcellef\u00e2t\u0131ndan istidl\u00e2l etti\u011fimiz K\u00fcrt lisan\u0131, baht-\u00fc talihin m\u00fcsaadesizli\u011fine inzimam eden baz\u0131 avamil-i inhitat elinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc vaz-\u0131 teredd\u00eeye bilizt\u0131r\u00e2r dahil olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Onun hal-i m\u00e2zisine kar\u015f\u0131 tevcih edilen haks\u0131z h\u00fcc\u00fbmlara en birinci sil\u00e2h-\u0131 m\u00fcdafaas\u0131, kudret-i tek\u00e2m\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131f\u0131ra indiren o m\u00fcessir\u00e2t\u0131n devir devir her millet tarih ve hayat\u0131 \u00fczerinde aleniyen icra-i faaliyet etmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r, ki o da, kuva-i mill\u00eeyeyi yed-i ta\u011fall\u00fcblerinde tutan ulem\u00e2 ve \u00fcmeran\u0131n, ihtil\u00e2f-\u0131 turuk ve mezaib ve tatm\u00een-i h\u0131rs-\u0131 hakimiyet gibi esbab-\u0131 \u015fikak ve nifak\u0131 cerr-i menaf\u0131e ves\u00eele ittihaz etmekle asa-i mill\u00eeyeti in\u015fikak ettirmelerinden ibarettir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Menaf-i \u015fahs\u00eeyelerini milletin itaat-i mutlaka ve binaneleyh cehl-i am\u00eekinde aray\u0131p bulan bu iki z\u00fcmre, b\u00fct\u00fcn kudret-i faaliyetleriyle, kitle-i millet aras\u0131nda mevcudu idame ve yeniden icad ve ikame sur\u2019etiyle, \u00e2dad-\u0131 nifak\u0131 aleddevam eks\u00eer ettiler.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her nerede bir par\u00e7a n\u00fbr, bir ufak emare-i fel\u00e2h g\u00f6rd\u00fclerse oraya savlet etti; ellerinde tuttuklar\u0131 ve yaln\u0131z mahv \u00fb tahrib yolunda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00f6r ve kara kuvvetle her te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc imha ve her lem\u2019\u00e2y\u0131 itf\u00e2 eylediler. Analar\u0131ndan, ellerinde, zavall\u0131 milletin s\u0131rt\u0131ndan ist\u00eefa-i istihkak edecek birer ferman-\u0131 muv\u00e2s\u00e2t ile do\u011fduklar\u0131na kail bu yadig\u00e2rlar, b\u00e2t\u0131l\u0131n tey\u00eed-i h\u00fck\u00fcmran\u00eesi i\u00e7in hakk\u0131n zul\u00fbm\u00e2t-\u0131 cehl i\u00e7inde bo\u011fulmas\u0131n\u0131, milletin tam m\u00e2nas\u0131yle behim\u00ee bir hayatla imrar-\u0131 zendeg\u00e2n\u00eesini te\u015fv\u00eek eyledi ve muvaffak da oldular.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fc\u011fe itaati en \u011fayr-i kabil-i feram\u00fb\u015f ve \u015fayan-\u0131 imtisal bir anane s\u00fbretinde tebc\u00eel eden terbiye-i mill\u00eeye, hamele-i ul\u00fbme h\u00fcrmet ve ink\u0131yad\u0131 erk\u00e2n-\u0131 imandan addettiren telkin\u00e2t-\u0131 d\u00een\u00eeye, K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn saf ve samim\u00ee vicdan ve muh\u00eetinde \u00f6yle bir tarz-\u0131 kabule mazhar olmu\u015ftu ki, en bar\u00eez hakikatleri ba\u011f\u0131ran sada-i \u00eekaz, hi\u00e7 bir kulakta bir zerre in\u2019ik\u00e2s tevl\u00eed etmeden s\u00f6n\u00fcyor ve ekseriya kailinin cebhe-i ismet ve im\u00e2n\u0131na k\u0131zg\u0131n ve fakat kara bir damga-i k\u00fcfr-\u00fc l\u00e2net d\u00e2vet etmekten de hal\u00ee kalm\u0131yordu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte K\u00fcrt bug\u00fcne kadar, pek ince ve avamfir\u00eeb bir tarzda tert\u00eeb ve tatbik edilen, ic\u00e2b\u0131ndan en a\u011f\u0131r ukub\u00e2t-\u0131 d\u00fcnyew\u00eeye ve uhrew\u00eeye ile de tey\u00eed ve tahk\u00eem edilegelen bu \u015febeke-i dalal ve i\u011ffalin daire-i teng \u00fb tar\u0131nda esir ve habersiz ya\u015fad\u0131; ne lisan ve ne tarihini, ne de hayat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemedi; be\u015feriyeti evc-i \u00e2l\u00e2-i saadete \u00e7\u0131karan harek\u00e2t-\u0131 umran \u00fb irfan\u0131 g\u00f6rmedi, g\u00f6remedi; g\u00f6z\u00fc ba\u011fl\u0131, beyni kilitli, ink\u0131raz u\u00e7urumu kenar\u0131nda ceh\u00eem-i mev\u2019\u00fbde do\u011fru ko\u015ftu. Nihayet, hamza-i hakikate \u00e7arpan ba\u015f\u0131 elleri i\u00e7inde, m\u00fctehayy\u0131r, endi\u015fen\u00e2k bir halde, i\u015fte \u015fimdi bir par\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, biraz etraf\u0131 tedk\u00eek \u00fb tem\u00e2\u015f\u00e2 etmek ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 hissetti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk dakika-i bidar\u00ee, ona, ne\u015fr-i hakaika muktedir oldu\u011fu kadar setr-i hakikate de vas\u0131ta olabilen velvele-i matbu\u00e2t aras\u0131nda kendi sesinin hi\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, en kuds\u00ee haklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir dell\u00e2l-\u0131 m\u00fcdafaadan mahrum\u00eeyet dolay\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00fc\u00e7ar-\u0131 z\u0131ya oldu\u011fu netice-i m\u00fcdhi\u015fesini \u00f6\u011fretti. O, bu kadar fec\u00ee ve hayatg\u00fczar tecar\u00fcb-i g\u00fcze\u015fteden bir ders-i ibret bidayette noksan\u0131 anlar gibi oldu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn mes\u00e2il-i asr\u00eeyenin medar-\u0131 hall \u00fb akd-\u0131 meden\u00eeyet-i haz\u0131ran\u0131n matal\u0131b-\u0131 ictim\u00e2\u00eeyesine muvaf\u0131k te\u015fkil\u00e2t icras\u0131yle K\u00fcrt, mevcudiyet-i hayatiyesine savlet eden mehalik-i m\u00fcstakbeleye kar\u015f\u0131 koymak istedi. Zannolunurdu ki, masa\u00eeb-i g\u00fcze\u015ftenin me\u015f\u00fbm d\u00e2\u00eeleri, bir deri ve kemikten ibaret kalan b\u00fbnye-i mill\u00eeden hakk-\u0131 (!) intif\u00e2\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k aramayacaklar; d\u00fcne kadar mahsul-i mesa\u00eesine v\u00e2z\u0131\u2019\u00fclyed olduklar\u0131 canl\u0131 sefalet iskeletlerini bu defa \u00e2tiyen yine g\u00f6rmek \u00fczre, kabil-i teneff\u00fb bir vaz \u00fb hale koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Heyhat! Kem\u00eeng\u00e2h\u0131nda sayd-\u0131 f\u0131rsata murtak\u0131b ve bu intif\u00e2\u2019dan d\u00f6rt y\u0131ldan beri temad\u00ee eden bir mahrumiyetin verdi\u011fi \u015fiddet-i iftiras ile h\u00fcc\u00fbma ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f tatl\u0131 h\u00fcly\u00e2lar\u0131, millet ve mill\u00eeyet etraf\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen reng\u00een r\u00fcy\u00e2lar\u0131 bir hamlede peri\u015fan ve sernug\u00fbn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Uzun senelerin bar-\u0131 fes\u00e2d\u0131n\u0131 h\u00e2mil, m\u00fctezell\u00eel bir hayat-\u0131 teba\u00eeyetin s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi heyak\u00eel-i riy\u00e2 \u00e2l\u00fbd, m\u00fctebasb\u0131s tebess\u00fcmlerle, zincir-i itaatin halkalar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sam\u00eem-i vicdandan akseden bir duygu ile, seyyi\u00e2t-\u0131 maziye defterlerine intikali zannolunan eski lakayd\u00ee ve ihmallerin, fiil\u00ee m\u00fcmanaatlerin yine \u00eeras-i hasar, tahrib-i \u00e2m\u00e2le ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u00fc\u2019lim bir\u00e7ok kanaatler fedas\u0131ndan, k\u0131ymetli zamanlar z\u0131ya\u0131ndan sonra iman eden m\u00fcnevveran-\u0131 millet, istikb\u00e2lin karanl\u0131k girdablar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kaynamaya namzed K\u00fcrt varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurtaracak tedab\u00eere bil\u00e2 perva tevess\u00fcl\u00fc kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e2zimane ve fakat pek korkun\u00e7 m\u00fc\u015fkil\u00e2tla mali karardan, \u2018K\u00fcrd Tamim-i Maarif ve Ne\u015friy\u00e2t Cemiyeti\u2019 meydana geldi. \u015eeref-i muhatebelerine mazhar oldu\u011fumuz b\u00fct\u00fcn milletda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ayn\u0131 emel ve his ile m\u00fcteharr\u00eek g\u00f6rmek bize en kuvvetli te\u015fv\u00eek vesailini ihzar etti\u011finden, cemiyeti, kav\u00ee bir itmi\u2019nan ile huzur-i millete takdim edebilmek cesaretine malik olduk. Cemiyetin hudud-i faaliyetini tayin ederken, te\u015fr\u00eek-i mesa\u00ee ve izaa-i kuvvet ve zamandan ba\u015fka mahsul vermedi\u011fi kiraren tecr\u00fcbe edilmi\u015f bulunan siyas\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n netayic-i menfiyesini nazar-\u0131 int\u00eebahe alarak, tamamen ilm\u00ee ve katiyen gayr-i siyas\u00ee bir program\u0131n saha-i fiile ihrac\u0131n\u0131 hedef-i mesa\u00ee ittihaz etmeye karar verdik.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bizden evvel ayn\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 idrak ve bu u\u011furda fedak\u00e2rane bezl-i mesa\u00ee eyleyen milletda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n zikr-i cemilini y\u00e2d ve onlar\u0131n devam-\u0131 faaliyetlerini kesr \u00fb ibtal eden avamilin bize de pabend-i muvaffakiyet olmamas\u0131 d\u00fb\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 dermiyan ederek \u015funu arzedelim ki, ir\u015f\u00e2d ve muavenetlerine e\u015fedd-i ihtiyac ile muhtac bulundu\u011fumuz erk\u00e2n-\u0131 mill\u00eeyemiz, bu mes\u2019ul\u00eeyetli ve calib-i sevab te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00e2ta kar\u015f\u0131 bundan evvelki vaz-\u0131 bikayd\u00eelerini muhafaz\u00e2da \u0131srar etmeyecekler \u00fcmidindeyiz. Zira, bizden evvelki te\u015febb\u00fcslerin d\u00fc\u00e7ar-\u0131 akamet olmas\u0131 sebebi, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbhe edilmez ki tecr\u00fcbesizli\u011fin d\u00e2vet etti\u011fi hataya-i icra\u00eeyeye alakadaran\u0131n ihmal ve lakayd\u00eesinin inzim\u00e2m\u0131d\u0131r ve bunun mahsul-i el\u00eemi, bug\u00fcn y\u00fcreklerimizi par\u00e7alayan h\u00fcsran-\u0131 mill\u00ee oldu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e2kin \u015fimdi eminiz ki vaz\u00ee ve em\u00eer her K\u00fcrt, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc fec\u00e2yi-i mill\u00eeyenin verdi\u011fi bar-\u0131 elem alt\u0131nda inliyor; maz\u00eeden nedamet, halden tevehhu\u015f etmekle beraber, istikb\u00e2lin milletlere mev\u2019\u00fbd ba\u2019s\u00fc b\u00e2delmevtinden kat-\u0131 \u00fcmid etmiyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrtler\u2019i z\u00eer-i tesirinde ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz tel\u00e2f\u00ee-i m\u00e2fat arzusuna rabt-\u0131 faaliyet etmektedir ki, K\u00fcrt lisan, tarih ve ul\u00fbm-i asr\u00eeyeye aid ihtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcstemirren t\u00e2kib ve izaleye muvaffak\u00eeyet \u00fcmidini ta\u015f\u0131yan cemiyetimiz, \u00e2licenab milletimizden, muhtac\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee muavenetlerin ibzal ve israf\u0131n\u0131 ricaya cesarety\u00e2b oldu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Me\u2019y\u00fbs olmamak ve bir azm-i ate\u015f\u00een-i mill\u00ee ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u015fart\u0131yle, muvaffak olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za iman-\u0131 kav\u00ee ile m\u00fc\u2019min bulunuyoruz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyet, bir zamandan beri il\u00e2 ma\u015faall\u00e2h inti\u015far eden \u2018J\u00een\u2019 mecmuas\u0131n\u0131 z\u00eer-i idaresine alarak, bu vas\u0131ta ile b\u00fct\u00fcn milletda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 imtihan-\u0131 sa\u2019y \u00fb sebat ve meydan-\u0131 kerem ve sehavete d\u00e2vet ediyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tevf\u00eek Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 All\u00e2h\u2019tand\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong> (4)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1919 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu Beyanname\u2019yi 2014 ortas\u0131nda okudu\u011fumuzda bile, hayretler i\u00e7inde kal\u0131yor ve o g\u00fcnden bu yana asl\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen pek bir \u015feyin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Beyanname\u2019deki baz\u0131 c\u00fcmle ve de\u011finiler olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7. \u00d6rne\u011fin daha giri\u015f paragraf\u0131nda, K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fini yaln\u0131zca siyas\u00ee m\u00fccadele ile olu\u015fturamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ilm\u00ee y\u00f6nden de kendini geli\u015ftirmesi gerekti\u011fine vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131yor ki, bu ayn\u0131 zamanda Bediuzzeman Said-i K\u00fbrd\u00ee\u2019nin hayat\u0131 boyunca dillendirdi\u011fi temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce.<\/p>\n

Beyanname\u2019de K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n 20. asr\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bedbaht ve ac\u0131nacak, haline a\u011flanacak bir durumda oldu\u011funa vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Yar\u0131n herhangi bir sil\u00e2hl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya, katli\u00e2ma u\u011frama tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelirse, kendini savunacak sil\u00e2hl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ten de yoksun oldu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7iziliyor. Takip eden y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanan ac\u0131lar ve katli\u00e2mlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne getirilirse, bu Beyanname\u2019yi haz\u0131rlayan ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n nas\u0131l ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc insanlar olduklar\u0131 farkedilecektir.<\/p>\n

Beyanname\u2019deki en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 paragraf, \u201cD\u00fcnyadaki milletlerin \u015fu ihtiyar yery\u00fcz\u00fcne h\u00e2kim olup \u015fu anda g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcyle ve uzayla me\u015fgul olduklar\u0131 bir zamanda, bizim K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 olarak medeniyetin t\u00e2 en ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndaki sorun olan lisan ile u\u011fra\u015fmam\u0131z, h\u00e2l\u00e2 h\u00e2l\u00e2 dilimizin yok olmamas\u0131, anadilimizin ya\u015famas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele veriyor olmam\u0131z, fec\u00ee bir durumdur. Fakat dilimizi yasaklay\u0131p \u00f6n\u00fcne engeller koyan iktidarlar\u0131n, bunun kabahati kendilerinde de\u011filmi\u015f gibi, \u00fcst\u00fcne bir de K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ile alay etmeleri, dilimizi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamalar\u0131, bunun su\u00e7unu kendilerinde de\u011fil K\u00fcrtler\u2019de g\u00f6rmeleri, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019ye uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 yasaklar\u0131 kendileri i\u00e7in bir hak olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini g\u00f6steriyor ve bu tav\u0131rlar\u0131, adalet ve insanl\u0131k ile dalga ge\u00e7mektir\u201d c\u00fcmlelerinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi paragraft\u0131r ki, do\u011frusu o paragraf\u0131 okuyunca hayretler i\u00e7inde kalmamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de K\u00fcrtler\u2019in h\u00e2l\u00e2 ayn\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi veriyor olmalar\u0131 ve devlet ricalinin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ile alay etmeleri, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin bir \u201cmedeniyet dili\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyip a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 B\u00fclent Ar\u0131n\u00e7\u2019\u0131n bu minvaldeki yak\u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z s\u00f6zleri) hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor insana. Demek ki bug\u00fcn\u00fcn kin ve nefret meyv\u00e2lar\u0131n\u0131n tohumlar\u0131 daha o g\u00fcnden at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Devam\u0131ndaki paragraf da ilgin\u00e7: \u201cEvet, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc haliyle bile toplumu y\u00f6netebilecek ve sosyal hayat\u0131 tanzim etmeye haz\u0131r bir zenginli\u011fe ve m\u00fckemmelli\u011fe sahip dilimiz K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019yi, kendisine yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r bir \u015fekilde hayata m\u00fcdahil edemedi\u011fimiz do\u011frudur ve ac\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ektir; fakat daha bundan bir as\u0131r \u00f6ncesine kadar hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, eserlerimizi o dilde verdi\u011fimiz ve e\u011fitimi de o dilde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, k\u00f6t\u00fc talihin ve baht\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fcsaade etmeyi\u015finden dolay\u0131 bu ac\u0131 durumla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi.\u201d Do\u011frusu bu bildiri 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 bundan hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde farkl\u0131 c\u00fcmleler ge\u00e7meyecekti.<\/p>\n

Beyanname\u2019de, bu durumun kabahati, K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f \u00e2limlere ve y\u00f6neticilere y\u00fckleniyor, hakl\u0131 olarak. \u015eeyh, a\u011fa, bey ve molla kesiminin t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 gereksiz mezheb\u00ee ve tarik\u00ee tart\u0131\u015fmalara harcay\u0131p b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini bunlarla heba etmeleri, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin ilerlemesi i\u00e7in katlk\u0131da bulunmamalar\u0131 ve b\u00f6yle bir kayg\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamalar\u0131, bu kayg\u0131y\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131 da \u201ck\u00fcf\u00fcr\u201d ile, sap\u0131tmak ve tefrika \u00e7\u0131karmak ile su\u00e7lamalar\u0131, \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ele\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n

Derginin ayn\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131nda cemiyet, t\u00fcm program ve hedeflerini de maddeler halinde kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klar:<\/p>\n

\u201c1 \u2013 Haftal\u0131k bir mecmu\u00e2-i ilm\u00eeye ne\u015fredecek.<\/strong><\/p>\n

2 \u2013 Bilumum K\u00fcrt \u00fcdeb\u00e2, \u015fu\u00e2r\u00e2 ve ulem\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrt lisan\u0131yle meydana getirdikleri m\u00fcellef\u00e2t, divan ve e\u015f\u2019ar\u0131 do\u011fru ve nef\u00ees bir surette tab\u2019ettirecek.<\/strong><\/p>\n

3 \u2013 B\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrt leh\u00e7elerini ihtiva etmek \u00fczre bir K\u00fcrt\u00e7e l\u00fbgat kitab\u0131 tertib ve ne\u015fredecek.<\/strong><\/p>\n

4 \u2013 Mevc\u00fbda g\u00f6re sarf ve nahv kitablar\u0131ndan m\u00fcnaaiblerini tab\u2019ettirecek.<\/strong><\/p>\n

5 \u2013 K\u00fcrt lisaniyle tedris\u00e2t-\u0131 ibtida\u00eeyeyi temin i\u00e7in l\u00e2z\u0131m gelen kitablar\u0131 ne\u015fredecek.<\/strong><\/p>\n

6 \u2013 Muhtelif leh\u00e7elere aid olanlar\u0131 birer te\u015fkil fas\u0131l etmek \u00fczre bir K\u00fcrt\u00e7e dur\u00fbb-\u0131 emsal mecmu\u00e2s\u0131 tertib ve ne\u015fredecek.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

7 \u2013 Her mahaldaki K\u00fcrt \u00e2d\u00e2t ve anan\u00e2t\u0131na dair malum\u00e2t cem\u2019edecek ve K\u00fcrt masal, hik\u00e2ye ve avam \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 toplanacakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

8 \u2013 K\u00fcrt tarih ve co\u011frafya-i kad\u00eem ve ced\u00eedine dair m\u00fcellef\u00e2t meydana getirecektir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

9 \u2013 \u015earq ve \u011earb lisanlar\u0131ndan K\u00fcrdistan ve K\u00fcrtler\u2019e dair mevc\u00fbd m\u00fcellef\u00e2t\u0131 terc\u00fcme ve ne\u015fredecek.<\/strong><\/p>\n

10 \u2013 K\u00fcrt milletine mensub rical-\u0131 maziye ve hal\u00eeyenin terc\u00fcme-i hallerini ne\u015fredecek.<\/strong><\/p>\n

11 \u2013 Yerli ve ecneb\u00ee \u00e2s\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 ihtiva etmek \u00fczre, cemiyet merkezi ile icab eden mahallerde k\u00fct\u00fcbhaneler a\u00e7acak.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

12 \u2013 Gece dersleri a\u00e7acak.<\/strong><\/p>\n

13 \u2013 K\u00fcrtler\u2019le mesk\u00fbn manat\u0131ka heyet-i tedk\u00eekiye izam edecektir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

14 \u2013 Cemiyet i\u00e7in bir matbaa tesisine \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak.<\/strong><\/p>\n

15 \u2013 K\u00fcrt amele aras\u0131ndan ihtiyat s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ve kooperatif te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak.<\/strong><\/p>\n

16 \u2013 \u0130stanbul\u2019da sef\u00eel ve sergerdan dola\u015fan K\u00fcrt \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan mikdar\u0131n\u0131 muhtelif esnaf nezdine \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131\u011fa vererek, bunlar\u0131n muntazaman devam\u0131n\u0131 temin i\u00e7in icab eden masar\u0131f\u0131 tesviye edecektir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

17 \u2013 K\u00fcrt yetim ve sahibsiz \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na mahsusu leyl\u00ee bir sanayi\u00ee mektebi k\u00fc\u015fad\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

18 \u2013 Yetim ve sahibsiz K\u00fcrt k\u0131zlar\u0131na sanayi\u00ee-i beyt\u00eeye, hizmet\u00e7ilik t\u00e2lim etmek \u00fczre, bir ley\u00ee k\u0131z mektebi a\u00e7maya gayret edecektir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

19 \u2013 K\u00fcrt erkek ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 e\u015fy\u00e2-i zat\u00eeye ve beyt\u00eeye ile yerli her nevi \u00e2l\u00e2t ve edev\u00e2ttan terekk\u00fcb etmek \u00fczre bir m\u00fcze tesisine \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak.<\/strong><\/p>\n

20 \u2013 Bir K\u00fcrt dar\u2019ul- mu\u00e2ll\u00eemi tesisine \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak.\u201d<\/strong> (5)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin program\u0131na ve hedeflerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, asl\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir olu\u015fuma en \u00e7ok da \u015fimdi ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fu farkedilecektir.<\/p>\n

\u25ba<\/strong> K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n

1918 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulan \u201cK\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong>nin ad\u0131 Arap\u00e7a\u2019da\u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrdistan \u0130lerleme Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong> anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Cemiyetin kurulu\u015f nizamnamesindeki ad\u0131 \u201cK\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong> olmas\u0131na ve resm\u00ee olarak da bu isimle varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen (6)<\/sup><\/strong>, Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca haz\u0131rlanan t\u00fcm resm\u00ee belgelerde ve okullarda ad\u0131 \u201cK\u00fcrt Teali Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong> olarak ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n

30 Aral\u0131k 1918 tarihinde Dahiliye Nazareti\u2019ne (= \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/em> verilen bir dilek\u00e7e ile kurulan cemiyetin kendi i\u00e7 t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ise kurulu\u015f tarihi olarak 19 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihi ge\u00e7mektedir. (7)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyet, \u0130stanbul\u2019un Ca\u011falo\u011flu semtinde, S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7tima\u00ee Muawenet Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcDr. Abdull\u00e2h Cevdet Bey<\/strong>\u2019in apartman\u0131nda, Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer<\/strong> ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. (8)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> bittikten sadece bir ay sonra kurulan K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilen Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer, \u00c7olamerg (Hakkari)<\/em> ili \u015eemz\u00eenan(\u015eemdinli)\u00a0<\/em>il\u00e7esinden \u015eeh\u00eed \u015eeyh Ubeydull\u00e2h Nehr\u00ee<\/strong>\u2019nin o\u011fludur.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt \u0130slam tarihinin b\u00fcy\u00fck lideri, 1879 \u2013 81 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na sonra da \u0130ran \u015e\u00e2hl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanan \u015eeyh Ubeydull\u00e2h Nehr\u00ee\u2019nin o\u011flu olan \u015eeyh Abdulkad\u00eer, bu k\u0131y\u00e2m hareketinde babas\u0131yla birlikte cihad etmi\u015ftir. \u015eeyh Ubeydull\u00e2h Nehr\u00ee, 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131, 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda da \u0130ran Qacar \u015e\u00e2hl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u00e2m etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Bir Nak\u015f\u00eebend\u00ee \u015feyhi olan ve kendi d\u00f6neminin en \u00f6nemli \u0130slam \u00e2limlerinden biri olan \u015eeyh Ubeydull\u00e2h Nehr\u00ee, tarihte \u201cBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z K\u00fcrdistan\u201d \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc zikrederek ayaklanan ve \u201cK\u00fcrdistan \u0130slam Devleti\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 telaffuz eden ilk ki\u015fidir.<\/strong> (9)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

O\u2019nun o\u011flu olup, 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan Te\u00e2vun ve Terakki Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin \u201c\u00f6m\u00fcr boyu\u201d ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda da K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilen Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer, 28 Haziran 1925 tarihinde Diyarbekir\u2019de \u015eeyh Said ile birlikte as\u0131l\u0131p idam edilen ki\u015filerden biridir. Hem kendisi, hem de o\u011flu idam edilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong>\u00dcstelik Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer, g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde kendi o\u011flunun ipe \u00e7ekilmesine dayanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek, o\u011flundan \u00f6nce as\u0131lmak istedi\u011fini o kadar rica etmesine ra\u011fmen, o\u011flundan \u00f6nce idam edilmeyerek o\u011flunun idam\u0131na \u015fah\u00eed olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong> (10)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Seyy\u00eed<\/a><\/p>\n

1918 sonunda kurulan \u201cK\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong>nin y\u00f6netim kurulu \u015fu isimlerden olu\u015fuyordu: Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer<\/strong> (cemiyet ba\u015fkan\u0131)<\/em>, M\u00fbh\u00e2mmed Ali Bedirhan<\/strong> (ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131)<\/em>, Ferik Fuad Pa\u015fa<\/strong> (ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131)<\/em>, Babanz\u00e2de \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc<\/strong> (genel sekreter)<\/em>,\u00a0H\u00fcseyin \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Baban Bey<\/strong> (y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi)<\/em>, Dr. \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Mehmed Sekban Bey\u00a0<\/strong>(y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi)<\/em>, Muhidd\u00een Nam\u00ee Bey<\/strong> (y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi)<\/em>,Babanz\u00e2de Hikmet\u00a0<\/strong>(y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi)<\/em> ve Az\u00eez Bey<\/strong> (y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi)<\/em>. (11)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin di\u011fer aktif \u00fcyeleri ise \u015funlard\u0131: Hicaz (Mekke ve Medine)<\/em> Eski Valisi Babanz\u00e2de Mustafa Zihni Pa\u015fa, Harput Eski Valisi Kemahl\u0131 Sabit, Bediuzzeman Molla Said-i Nurs\u00ee el- K\u00fbrd\u00ee, Mu\u015f Milletvekili \u0130lyas Sam\u00ee, Kaymakam Abdul\u00e2z\u00eez, \u015eeyh\u2019ul- \u0130slam Hayriz\u00e2de \u0130brahim, Baytar \u00c7ivriliz\u00e2de Mehmed Nuri, Emin Pa\u015fa, Mewl\u00e2n\u00e2z\u00e2de \u015eevki, Kurdistan Dergisi Ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Arvas\u00eez\u00e2de Mehmed \u015eefik, Kurdistan Dergisi Sorumlu Yaz\u0131i\u015fleri M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Mehmed Mihr\u00ee, J\u00een Dergisi Sorumlu Yaz\u0131i\u015fleri M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Hamza Bey, Mutkili Hal\u00eel Hayal\u00ee Bey, Berzenc\u00eez\u00e2de Abdulwah\u00eed, Belediye Eski M\u00fcfetti\u015fi Bedirhanz\u00e2de Murad, Emekli Yarbay Mehmed Ali Em\u00eer, \u015eeyh Savfet, Mehmed S\u0131dd\u0131k, Dr. Nuri Dersim\u00ee, Emekli Konsolos Emin Ali<\/strong> veHeyran\u00eez\u00e2de Kemal Fevz\u00ee<\/strong>. (12)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Burada iki \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 dikkatlerden ka\u00e7\u0131rmamak gerekiyor:<\/p>\n

1 \u2013 Cemiyeti kuran isimlerin tamam\u0131 I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> g\u00fcnlerinde ve yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgali zaman\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kahramanca sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130slam topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgalden kurtarmak i\u00e7in Ruslar\u2019a, \u0130ngilizler\u2019e ve Frans\u0131zlar\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015f hareketleri organize edip halka cihad \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eimdi ise, sava\u015f bittikten hemen sonra, yeniden \u201caile i\u00e7i mes\u2019eleler\u201d i\u00e7in biraraya gelmi\u015f, K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a hizmet i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 Cemiyetin kurucular\u0131 ve y\u00f6netim kurulundaki isimlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, \u0130slam \u00e2limleri ve d\u00een\u00ee \u00f6nderlerdir. Hem \u201c\u0130slam\u00ee hassasiyetleri\u201d<\/strong>, hem de \u201cK\u00fcrtl\u00fck hassasiyetleri\u201d<\/strong> son derece y\u00fcksek insanlard\u0131rlar. Cemiyetin ba\u015fkan\u0131 Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer<\/strong>\u2019i detayl\u0131ca anlatt\u0131k ve art\u0131k biliyorsunuz. Di\u011fer isimlerde de benzer \u00f6zellikler bulunuyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Berzenc\u00eez\u00e2de Abdulwah\u00eed<\/strong>, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da kurulacak ve 1921 \u2013 24 aras\u0131 varl\u0131k g\u00f6sterecek olan K\u00fcrdistan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131\u015eeyh Mahmud Berzenc\u00ee<\/strong>\u2019nin akrabas\u0131d\u0131r. Hayriz\u00e2de \u0130brahim<\/strong>, \u201c\u015eeyh\u2019ul- \u0130slam\u201d derecesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u0130slam \u00e2limidir. Mustafa Zihni Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, Mekke ve Medine\u2019nin, kutsal Hicaz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n eski valisidir. Bediuzzeman Said-i K\u00fbrd\u00ee<\/strong>\u2019yi ise anlatmaya gerek yok san\u0131r\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Bediuzzeman Said-i K\u00fbrd\u00ee\u2019nin bu cemiyetin \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu, \u015eeyh Said Hadisesi<\/strong>\u2019nde Diyarbekir\u2019deki \u015eark \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi<\/strong>\u2019nin 1925\u2019teki yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da belirtilir.\u015eark \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi<\/strong>\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re Said-i Nurs\u00ee el- K\u00fbrd\u00ee, cemiyet i\u00e7inde y\u00fckselerek\u00a0K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7 numaral\u0131 ismi olmu\u015ftur. (13)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyeti kuran 70\u2019e yak\u0131n ki\u015fiden 8\u2019i Bedirhan ailesine, 6\u2019s\u0131 da Baban a\u015firetine mensuptur.(14)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyet \u0130stanbul\u2019da, ismi K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019de \u201chayat, ya\u015fam\u201d<\/strong> anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cJ\u00een\u201d<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir dergi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. Dergi, cemiyetin \u201cyay\u0131n organ\u0131\u201d gibi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Derginin yaz\u0131i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Hamza Bey de zaten cemiyetin aktif \u00fcyesiydi. J\u00een Dergisi<\/strong>, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yay\u0131n yap\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca Mewl\u00e2n\u00e2z\u00e2de R\u0131fat Bey\u2019in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cSerbest\u00ee\u201d<\/strong> (= Serbestlik)<\/em> gazetesi de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde\u00a0K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini yans\u0131t\u0131yordu. \u201cRuz-i Kurdistan\u201d<\/strong> (= K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc)<\/em> ve \u201cBanga Heqq\u201d<\/strong> (= Hakk\u2019\u0131n \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131)<\/em> dergileri de ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda yay\u0131n yap\u0131yorlard\u0131.\u00a0(15)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin y\u00f6netim kurulunda olup J\u00een Dergisi<\/strong>\u2019nin de sorumlu yaz\u0131i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olan ve Van\u2019\u0131n M\u00fbsk (Bah\u00e7esaray)<\/em> il\u00e7esinden oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u201cM\u00fbkslu Hamza\u201d<\/strong> olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lanHamza Bey<\/strong>, kadrodaki di\u011fer bir ilgi \u00e7ekici isimdir. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00f6ylediklerine g\u00f6re, M\u00fbkslu Hamza Bey, Hal\u00eel Hayal\u00ee ve Said-i Nurs\u00ee, K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin ilk kurucular\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015f, cemiyetin kurulu\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu \u00fc\u00e7 isim taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fbkslu Hamza, cemiyetin kurulu\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fakat sonradan olu\u015fturulan ilk y\u00f6netim kurulunda yer almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat \u00fcye olarak cemiyetin b\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyetlerinde aktif olarak yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (16)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fbksl\u00fb Hamza, K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyetlerine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f aktif \u00fcyelerinden biridir. Cemiyetin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sunmu\u015f, \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 dergilerde ve yay\u0131nlarda resm\u00ee ve gayr-\u0131 resm\u00ee sorumluluklar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cemiyetin siyasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da katk\u0131 sunmu\u015ftur. Hamza Bey\u2019in cemiyet i\u00e7erisindeki en \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri de, cemiyetin \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu\u00a0J\u00een Dergisi<\/strong>\u2019nin sorumlu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmas\u0131, derginin kurulu\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131larak dergiyi \u00e7\u0131karan isim olmas\u0131d\u0131r. J\u00een<\/strong>, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrecek yay\u0131n hayat\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok ilke imza atarak K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131na damgas\u0131na vurmu\u015ftur. Dergi,K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin siyasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n kitlelere ula\u015fmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k ederek, cemiyetin sesi olmu\u015ftur. (17)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyet \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulduktan hemen sonra k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u015fehirlerinde 19 ayr\u0131 \u015fube a\u00e7ar. H\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve yurtsever K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck tevecc\u00fch\u00fcne mazhar olan K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin \u2013 resm\u00ee belgelere g\u00f6re \u2013 din\u00ee hassasiyetleri y\u00fcksek ve medrese gelene\u011finin k\u00f6kl\u00fc oldu\u011fu Bitlis ilinde k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde 34 bin kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00fcyesi olmu\u015ftur. Cemiyetin \u0130stanbul\u2019daki kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 ise 15 bine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (18)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Abdull\u00e2h Cevdet Bey\u2019in o\u011flu, cemiyetin Harput \u015eubesi\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na bizzat kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u015fubenin y\u00f6netim kuruluna se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. (19)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong> i\u00e7inde k\u0131sa zaman i\u00e7inde fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve iki ayr\u0131 kanat olu\u015ftu. Radikal kanad\u0131 Bedirhan\u00eeler temsil ediyor ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan istiyorlard\u0131. Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer ise t\u00fcm \u0130slamc\u0131 K\u00fcrtler gibi ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Cemiyet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer, \u201cT\u00fcrkler\u2019in \u015fu d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn zaman\u0131nda onlara darbe indirmemiz, K\u00fcrtl\u00fck \u015fi\u00e2r\u0131na yak\u0131\u015fmaz\u201d<\/strong> diyor, \u201c\u015eimdilik T\u00fcrkler\u2019e yard\u0131m etmekli\u011fimiz l\u00fcz\u00fbmunda\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>\u0131srar ediyordu. Ki Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer, 1920\u2019deki Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>\u2019na da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (20)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer, cemiyet \u00fcyeleriyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 isti\u015f\u00e2re toplant\u0131s\u0131 sonunda \u201ccemiyetin ortak karar\u0131\u201d olarak \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019ne iki maddeden olu\u015fan bir \u00f6neri sundu:<\/p>\n

1 \u2013 Osmanl\u0131 cami\u00e2s\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a otonomi verilmesi.<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 Bu otonominin il\u00e2n\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in etkin tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131. (21)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>, Osmanl\u0131 devleti taraf\u0131ndan \u201czararl\u0131 cemiyetler\u201d<\/strong> listesine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk cemiyet i\u00e7in, \u201cAmac\u0131, yabanc\u0131 devletlerin himayesinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrt devleti kurmak\u201d<\/strong> su\u00e7lamas\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. (22)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dahi okullardaki ders kitaplar\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za \u201czararl\u0131 cemiyet\u201d diye okutulup tan\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Halbuki o d\u00f6nemim kendi \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, bu cemiyet genel kamuoyunda o derece \u201csempatik\u201d ve hatta \u201cl\u00fczumlu\u201d bir cemiyet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu ki (ayr\u0131ca \u201cK\u00fcrt\u201d ve \u201cK\u00fcrdistan\u201d isimlerinin o d\u00f6nemler \u201cT\u00fcrk, Marmara Denizi, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u201d gibi isimler kadar normal ve hatta resm\u00ee oldu\u011funu da ak\u0131ldan \u00e7\u0131karmayal\u0131m)<\/em>,\u00a0S\u00fcleyman Nazif<\/strong> gibi bir T\u00fcrk mill\u00eeyet\u00e7isi bile, hem de Balkan g\u00f6\u00e7meni olan \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015f\u00e2ir Yahya Kemal<\/strong>\u2019e, gidip K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019ne \u00fcye olmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif etmi\u015ftir. Bunu da Yahya Kemal gidip Cahit Tanyol<\/strong>\u2019a anlat\u0131r. Bu ilgin\u00e7 olay\u0131 bizzat kendilerinden dinleyelim:<\/p>\n

\u201cYahya Kemal bana S\u00fcleyman Nazif\u2019le aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en \u015fu olay\u0131 anlatt\u0131: Bir g\u00fcn Beyo\u011flu\u2019nda S\u00fcleyman Nazif\u2019e rastlad\u0131m. Nazif beni g\u00f6r\u00fcnce sevindi. \u2018Aman Yahya Kemal, seninle m\u00fchim bir mes\u2019ele konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u2019 dedi. Bir lokantaya gittik. Kendisine, s\u00f6yleyece\u011finin ne oldu\u011funu sordum. \u2018\u0130stanbul\u2019da bir K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti kuruldu. Senin de \u00fcye olman\u0131 istiyorum\u2019 deyince \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131m. Ne diyece\u011fimi bilemiyordum ki a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u2018Az\u00eezim, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya T\u00fcrk\u2019ten ve T\u00fcrk ad\u0131ndan nefret ediyor. T\u00fcrk milletine nefes ald\u0131rmayacaklar. Belki K\u00fcrt ad\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar da memleketi kurtarabiliriz diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.\u2019 Bu konu \u00fczerinde uzun uzad\u0131ya konu\u015ftuk. Sonunda kendisi de vazge\u00e7ti.\u201d<\/strong> (23)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyet, kurulduktan iki y\u0131l sonra, 11 Ekim 1920 tarihinde Osmanl\u0131 devleti taraf\u0131ndan kapatt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. (24)<\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u25ba<\/strong> K\u00fcrt Teali Nisvan Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n

1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u201cK\u00fcrt Teali Nisvan Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong>nin ad\u0131 Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cK\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130lerleme Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong> anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurdu\u011fu bu cemiyetin kurucusu ve genel ba\u015fkan\u0131, S\u00fcleymaniyeli K\u00fcrt Hac\u0131 Mustafa Yalmuk\u00ee Pa\u015fa (1865 \u2013 1936)\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Dr. Encam Yalmuk\u00ee<\/strong>\u2019dir.(25)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Encam<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n 20. yy\u2019daki ilk \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve K\u00fcrtler\u2019in kurdu\u011fu ilk kad\u0131n derne\u011fi olan\u00a0K\u00fcrt Teali Nisvan Cemiyeti<\/strong> (= K\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130lerleme Cemiyeti)<\/em>, May\u0131s 1919\u2019da kurulur ve 21 Haziran 1919\u2019da okutulan bir Mevl\u00eed-i \u015eer\u00eef ile faaliyetlerine ba\u015flar. (26)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>, bu Mevl\u00eed-i \u015eer\u00eef<\/strong>\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019un Sultanahmed Cami\u00ee<\/strong>\u2019nde okutturmu\u015ftur. Mevl\u00eed t\u00f6reninin sonunda irtic\u00e2len (yani yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir metne ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n) bir konu\u015fma yapan Encam Yalmuk\u00ee Han\u0131m<\/strong>, K\u00fcrt kad\u0131n cemiyetinin faaliyetlerine \u201cFatih\u00e2 S\u00fbresi\u201d<\/strong> ile ba\u015flamak istedikleri i\u00e7in bu merasimi d\u00fczenlemi\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015f ve toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlara \u201cK\u00fcrt milleti n\u00e2m\u0131na\u201d te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmi\u015ftir. (27)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan, 16 Mart 1988 tarihindeki kimyasal katli\u00e2m\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi Halep\u00e7e il\u00e7esinin de kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu S\u00fcleymaniye \u015fehrinden olan Yalmuk\u00ee Han\u0131m<\/strong>, \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u201cDivan-\u0131 Harb Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/strong> yapan, memleketi G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra\u00a0\u015eeyh Mahmud Berzenc\u00ee<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan kurulan K\u00fcrdistan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> d\u00f6neminde \u201ce\u011fitim i\u015fleri sorumlulu\u011fu\u201dnu y\u00fcklenen ve 1922 \u2013 26 aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cBanga K\u00fbrd\u201d<\/strong> (= K\u00fcrt \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131)\u00a0<\/em>gazetesinin sorumlu yaz\u0131i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olan Mustafa Yalmuk\u00ee<\/strong>\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Mustafa Yalmuk\u00ee Pa\u015fa, K\u00fcrt \u015fairlerinden olup \u015fiirleri 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ba\u011fdad\u2019da yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(28)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cK\u00fcrt Teali Nisvan Cemiyeti Nizamnamesi\u201d<\/strong> ad\u0131nda bir t\u00fcz\u00fck olu\u015fturulur. Dr. Yalmuk\u00ee Han\u0131m<\/strong>, konu\u015fmas\u0131nda derne\u011fin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ortaya koyar:<\/p>\n

\u201cHan\u0131mefendiler! Biz K\u00fcrtler, akv\u00e2m-\u0131 muhtelifeyi<\/strong> (= \u00e7e\u015fitli kavimleri)<\/em>karde\u015fle\u015ftiren \u0130slamiyet\u2019in zuhurundan, yani as\u0131rlardan beri T\u00fcrk milletinin en sad\u0131k bir muhibbi<\/strong> (= seveni)<\/em>, en quww\u00ee<\/strong> (= g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc)<\/em> bir dostu ve en zah\u00eer<\/strong> (= i\u00e7ten)<\/em> bir karde\u015fi olarak bulunmu\u015fuzdur.<\/strong> Bug\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn milletlerin mukadder\u00e2t\u0131 ba\u015fka \u015fekiller ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve herkese bir hak verildi\u011fi bir zamanda, bizler de kendi hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 istiyoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ortada milyonlarca K\u00fcrt var ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir K\u00fcrdistan var. Mukaddes emeller u\u011frunda en ziy\u00e2de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak isteyenlere ve milletlerine olan muhabbetlerini g\u00f6stermi\u015f olduklar\u0131 fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131klarla isb\u00e2t eyleyenlere c\u00fcmlemiz b\u00fct\u00fcn mevc\u00fbdiyetimizle medy\u00fbn-i \u015f\u00fckr\u00e2n\u0131z<\/strong> (= b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla te\u015fekk\u00fcr bor\u00e7luyuz)<\/em>. Cemiyetin k\u00fc\u015f\u00e2d<\/strong> (= a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f)<\/em> mer\u00e2simine ko\u015farak gelen muhterem h\u00e2n\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z ve karde\u015flerimiz her s\u00fbretle mu\u00e2venet edeceklerini<\/strong> (= destek olacaklar\u0131n\u0131)<\/em>, K\u00fcrtl\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn te\u00e2lisi<\/strong> (= y\u00fckselmesi)<\/em> i\u00e7in ne yap\u0131lmak l\u00e2z\u0131msa bil\u00e2-teredd\u00fcd yapacaklar\u0131na K\u00fcrt s\u00f6z\u00fc verdiler. \u00d6teden beri \u2018K\u00fcrt s\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00f6nmez\u2019 c\u00fcmlesi bir darb-\u0131 mesel<\/strong> (= atas\u00f6z\u00fc)<\/em> olmu\u015ftu. Ben kanaatlerim ile im\u00e2n ederek diyorum ki K\u00fcrt her \u015feye s\u00f6z vermez; fakat vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu bir s\u00f6zden de katiyyen d\u00f6nmez<\/strong>.\u201d<\/strong> (29)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u0130stanbul\u2019da<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt Te\u00e2li Nisvan Cemiyeti<\/strong> (= K\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130lerleme Cemiyeti)<\/em>\u2019nin \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulmas\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u015fehir olarak \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f K\u00fcrt kad\u0131n hareketinin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini ve merkezini olu\u015fturmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Zaten ilk K\u00fcrt kad\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulmas\u0131 bir rastlant\u0131 de\u011fildir. K\u0131sacas\u0131, bu y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul\u2019da K\u00fcrt kad\u0131n tarihinde yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. (30)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin kuruldu\u011funu Osmanl\u0131 kamuoyuna duyuran ve derne\u011fi medyada ilk tan\u0131tan ki\u015fi ise, J\u00een Dergisi<\/strong>\u2019nin yazar\u0131 Vanl\u0131 Memduh Selim Beki Bey<\/strong>\u2019in bu dergide kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u0130ki Eser-i Mebrur\u201d<\/strong> (= \u0130ki Hay\u0131rl\u0131 Eser)<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesindeki \u015fu c\u00fcmlelerdir:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015famakta olan K\u00fcrt kad\u0131nlar\u0131, K\u00fcrt Teali Nisvan Cemiyeti ismiyle bir cemiyet te\u015fekk\u00fcl ettiler. K\u00fcrtl\u00fck\u2019e taraf olan bu cemiyetten dolay\u0131 ne kadar medy\u00fbn-i \u015f\u00fckr\u00e2n<\/strong> (te\u015fekk\u00fcr bor\u00e7lu)<\/em> olsak yeridir. K\u00fcrt mill\u00ee d\u00e2v\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n, bu cemiyeti kurmu\u015f olan kad\u0131nlardan ba\u015fl\u0131ca beklentisi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131za vatan, vazife, fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131k hisleri a\u015f\u0131layan tam birer anne olduklar\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunu ba\u015farabildikleri takdirde, K\u00fcrt kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n asr\u00ee zihniyetle inki\u015f\u00e2f\u0131 emeline ermi\u015fler demektir. T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n hareketi, genelde erkeklerin i\u00e7tima\u00ee durumunun kad\u0131nlardan daha \u00fcst\u00fcn olmas\u0131 nedeniyle te\u015fekk\u00fcl etti ve bu dengesizlik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kad\u0131n hareketi erkek hareketinden ayr\u0131lmak mecburiyetinde kald\u0131. K\u00fcrt kad\u0131n hareketinin ayn\u0131 neticeye d\u00fc\u00e7ar olmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe ediyorum. Erkeklerden ayr\u0131 bir kad\u0131n mes\u2019elesi ne vakit tahadd\u00fcs eder? Ve i\u015f ne vakit tehlikele\u015fir? Ne vakit ki erkeklerle kad\u0131nlar seviye-i irf\u00e2n ve terbiyelerinde \u2013 kem\u00eeyyeten ve keyfyyeten \u2013\u00a0 bir dengesizlik olursa. T\u00fcrkler\u2019deki kad\u0131n mes\u2019elesinin sebebini bundan buluyoruz. Erkekler kem\u00eeyyeten ve keyf\u00eeyyeten ne kadar m\u00fctek\u00e2mil iseler kad\u0131nlar her iki cihetden de o kadar az geli\u015fmi\u015fler. \u0130\u015fte ben bu dengesizlikten korkar\u0131m.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 (31)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin ama\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlidir: \u201cK\u00fcrt kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n meden\u00ee bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fckselmesini ve ilerlemesini sa\u011flamak, K\u00fcrt aile hayat\u0131nda kurumsal ve toplumsal d\u00fczenlemeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek, Ermen\u00ee Tehc\u00eeri ve onu izleyen di\u011fer zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7ler nedeniyle sef\u00eel bir h\u00e2le gelen K\u00fcrt yetim ve dullar\u0131na i\u015f bularak veya cemiyet ad\u0131na nakd\u00ee yard\u0131mda bulunarak onlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 sefaletten kurtarmak.\u201d<\/strong> Cemiyet bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek do\u011frultusunda gazete, mecmu\u00e2, kitap ve ris\u00e2leleler yay\u0131nlayacak, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde cemiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fubeler, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler ve tart\u0131\u015fma salonlar\u0131 a\u00e7acak, cemiyet \u00fcyelerine hitaben konferanslar d\u00fczenleyecek ve dersler verecektir. (32)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"(Soldan<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin kurulu\u015f nizamnamesinin 4. maddesinde, cemiyetin ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in cemiyet \u00f6nderli\u011finde yap\u0131lacak olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc giri\u015fim ve faaliyetin yan\u0131s\u0131ra tek tek b\u00fct\u00fcn cemiyet \u00fcyelerinin \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6rev daha belirtilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re, \u201cHer K\u00fcrt hem\u015fire, maksad-\u0131 cemiyeti istihs\u00e2l i\u00e7in zuh\u00fbr edecek f\u0131rsatlardan istif\u00e2de ile l\u00e2z\u0131m gelen telk\u00een\u00e2t\u0131 icr\u00e2 eyleyecektir.\u201d<\/strong> Cemiyetin ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in, cemiyetin liderli\u011finde giri\u015ftikleri faaliyetlerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcyelerin kendi \u00f6nlerine \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00fct\u00fcn f\u0131rsatlardan da cemiyet lehine yararlanmas\u0131 ve bunun i\u00e7in gerekli propaganday\u0131 cemiyet nam\u0131na yapmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Cemiyet \u00fcyelerinin cemiyet y\u00f6netimine verecekleri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015f, cemiyetin faaliyetleri ve giri\u015fimlerinden elde edilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kazan\u00e7 ile cemiyet \u00fcyelerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn ki\u015fisel emek ve \u00e7abalar\u0131 cemiyetin ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik olacakt\u0131r. Cemiyetin ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden \u201chaysiyet ve \u015ferefi \u015f\u00e2ibed\u00e2r olmam\u0131\u015f\u201d her K\u00fcrt kad\u0131n\u0131 cemiyete \u00fcye olabilecektir. (33)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019ne \u00fcye olan b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, cemiyete giren aday\u0131n \u201cmal\u00ee kudreti ve ictim\u00e2\u00ee mevki\u00eeyle m\u00fcten\u00e2sib\u201d, yani ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc ve toplumsal konumuyla orant\u0131l\u0131 olan bir \u201cgiri\u015f \u00fccreti\u201d \u00f6demesi gerekmektedir. Bir kereye mahsus olarak \u00f6denecek olan bu \u201cgiri\u015f \u00fccreti\u201dnin en az 20 kuru\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 cemiyetin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde belirtilmi\u015f olmakla birlikte, \u201cgiri\u015f \u00fccreti\u201dne bir \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmemi\u015ftir. Yani arzu eden, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak daha fazla da \u00f6deyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca her \u00fcyenin kendi \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen ve en az 70 kuru\u015ftan ba\u015flayan ayl\u0131k \u00fccretleri cemiyet y\u00f6netimine \u00f6demeyi de kabul etmesi gerekmektedir. (34)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Encam<\/a><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin \u00fcyeleri iki t\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr: \u201c\u00c2z\u00e2-y\u0131 M\u00fcess\u00eese\u201d<\/strong> (= Kurucu \u00dcyeler)<\/em> ve \u201c\u00c2z\u00e2-y\u0131 Tabi\u00eeyye\u201d<\/strong>(= Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00dcyeler)<\/em>.<\/strong> Cemiyet i\u00e7indeki \u201c\u00c2z\u00e2-y\u0131 M\u00fcess\u00eese\u201d aras\u0131ndan \u201cl\u00fcz\u00fbmu nisbetinde\u201d se\u00e7ilecek olan bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fcye\u201cHey\u2019et-i M\u00fc\u015f\u00e2vere\u201d<\/strong> (= Y\u00fcksek Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu)<\/em>\u2019yi olu\u015fturacaklard\u0131r. Bu kurulun cemiyet y\u00f6netimi \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan do\u011fruya s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 yoktur. Ancak, cemiyetin faaliyetlerini denetlemek, cemiyetin y\u00f6netim kurulunu ayd\u0131nlatmak ve y\u00f6nlendirmek ve gerek g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde genel kurulu toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak gibi \u00f6nemli baz\u0131 yetkiler, bu kurulun eline b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cHey\u2019et-i \u0130dare\u201d<\/strong> (= Y\u00f6netim Kurulu)<\/em> ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan idare, \u201c\u00c2z\u00e2-y\u0131 M\u00fcess\u00eese\u201dlerin say\u0131s\u0131 20\u2019yi ge\u00e7tikten sonra, bu kurucu \u00fcyeler aras\u0131ndan gizli oyla se\u00e7ilmektedir. \u201cHey\u2019et-i \u0130dare\u201d \u00fcyelikleri her y\u0131l d\u00fczenli olarak toplanacak olan kongrelerde yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7imlerle tekrar yenilenecekdir. Cemiyetin \u201cHey\u2019et-i \u0130dare\u201dsi bir reise, iki reise vekili, alt\u0131 da \u00fcye olmak \u00fczere toplam dokuz ki\u015fiden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu dokuz ki\u015fiye ek olarak, bir k\u00e2tibe ve veznedarl\u0131k g\u00f6revini de \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olan bir muhasebeci de idare toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131lacak, ancak bu g\u00f6revlilerin oy hakk\u0131 bulunmayacakt\u0131r. Kabul edilebilir bir mazereti olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00fcst \u00fcste \u00fc\u00e7 toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmayan idare \u00fcyesi istifa etmi\u015f say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130dare \u00fcyelerinden bir tanesinin istifa veya sair nedenlerle g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, bo\u015falan \u00fcyelik i\u00e7in yeniden se\u00e7im yap\u0131lacak, ancak bu se\u00e7ime kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 \u201cKem\u00e2fi\u2019s- S\u00e2b\u0131k\u201d<\/strong> (= Kurucu \u00dcyeler)<\/em>\u2019\u0131n inisiyatifinde bulunacakt\u0131r. \u0130dare Heyeti, bir y\u0131l boyunca cemiyetin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyetlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinden ve cemiyetin gerekli muamelesinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinden sorumludur ve haftada iki kez toplanmaktad\u0131r. Toplant\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u201cHey\u2019et-i \u0130dare\u201d azalar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan bir fazlas\u0131n\u0131n toplant\u0131da haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131 gereklidir. Toplant\u0131larda ele al\u0131nan konular, toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lan \u00fcyelerin oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla karara ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Oylar aras\u0131nda e\u015fitlik sa\u011flanmas\u0131 halinde, cemiyetin \u201cHey\u2019et-i \u0130dare\u201d ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n reyi iki oy alarak say\u0131lmakta, yani karar reisenin oyuna g\u00f6re belirlenmektedir. Toplant\u0131lardan \u00f6nce, toplant\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndemini olu\u015fturan g\u00fcndem maddeleri cemiyetin reise ve k\u00e2tibesi taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerine bildirilmektedir. Toplant\u0131larda al\u0131nan kararlar, ilgili karar defterine kaydedilmekte ve bu karar toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcyeler taraf\u0131ndan imzalanmaktad\u0131r. \u201cHey\u2019et-i \u0130dare\u201d toplant\u0131s\u0131nda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan kararlardan herhangi birine itiraz eden y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesinin ilgili maddenin alt\u0131na itiraz\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esini a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde yazmas\u0131 ve alt\u0131n\u0131 imzalamas\u0131 gereklidir. Cemiyetin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc parasal i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek ve hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 tutmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan muhasebecinin denetlenmesi sorumlulu\u011fu da ayn\u0131 heyetin g\u00f6revidir. Cemiyetin \u201cHey\u2019et-i M\u00fc\u015f\u00e2vere\u201d<\/strong> ve \u201cHey\u2019et-i Umum\u00eeye\u201d<\/strong>si, cemiyetin muhasebecisini ve onu denetlemekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan idare heyetini parasal konularda denetlemek yetkisiyle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cemiyet genel \u00fcye toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak da idare heyetinin sorumluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda\u0131r. Toplant\u0131 tarihinden en az 15 g\u00fcn \u00f6ncesinden, toplant\u0131n\u0131n yer, g\u00fcn ve saatinin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcyelere duyurulmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. (35)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25ba<\/strong> K\u00fcrt Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tim\u00e2iye Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n

1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u201cK\u00fcrt Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tim\u00e2iye Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong>nin ad\u0131 Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cK\u00fcrt Toplumsal \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong> anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce de belirtti\u011fimiz \u00fczere, K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong> kurulduktan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra bu yap\u0131lanman\u0131n i\u00e7indeki isimler aras\u0131nda fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, cemiyet \u201c\u0130slamc\u0131 K\u00fcrtler\u201d ve \u201cMill\u00eeyet\u00e7i K\u00fcrtler\u201d diye ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tim\u00e2iye Cemiyeti<\/strong>, i\u015fte bu fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 neticesinde, cemiyetten kopan mill\u00eeyet\u00e7i K\u00fcrt kanad\u0131n\u0131n kurdu\u011fu yeni bir cemiyettir.<\/p>\n

\"Emin<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nden kopan bir grup taraf\u0131ndan kurulan K\u00fcrd Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tim\u00e2iye Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Emin Ali Bedirhan<\/strong> getirilir. Bu cemiyetin \u00f6nde gelen isimleri \u015funlard\u0131r: \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Baban, Fuad Baban, Hikmet Baban, Dr. Abdullah Cevdet, Dr. \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sekban, Bitlisli Kemal Fevz\u00ee, Ekrem Cemilpa\u015fa, Kerk\u00fckl\u00fc Necmedd\u00een H\u00fcseyin, Mewl\u00e2n\u00e2z\u00e2de R\u0131fat<\/strong> ve Memduh Selim Bey<\/strong>.(36)<\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n

Bu cemiyetin K\u00fcrt tarihindeki en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi, 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran K\u00fcrdistan\u0131\u2019nda kurulan ve sadece 11 ay ya\u015fayabilen Meh\u00e2b\u00e2d K\u00fcrt Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> devletinin, kendisine bayrak olarak bu cemiyetin bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Meh\u00e2b\u00e2d K\u00fcrt Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin dalgaland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ortas\u0131nda bu\u011fday ba\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olan \u201cye\u015fil \u2013 beyaz \u2013 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u201d<\/strong> renkli bayrak, asl\u0131nda 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulan\u00a0 \u201cK\u00fcrt Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tim\u00e2iye Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong>nin bayra\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 ve ilk kez bu cemiyet taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7izilmi\u015fti. (37)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u0131pk\u0131 Afrika topraklar\u0131ndaki Kenya\u2019n\u0131n 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra kurulan Kenya Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin kendisine bayrak olarak, ABD\u2019deki siy\u00e2h\u00ee hareketin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Marcus Garvey (1887 \u2013 1940)\u2019in ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAnavatana D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d<\/strong>hareketinin\u00a0\u201csiyah \u2013 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u2013 ye\u015fil\u201d<\/strong> bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi. (38)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25ba<\/strong> K\u00fcrt Mill\u00ee F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyet de\u011fil siyas\u00ee partidir.<\/p>\n

1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u201cK\u00fcrt Mill\u00ee F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d<\/strong>n\u0131n ad\u0131 Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cK\u00fcrt Ulusal Partisi\u201d<\/strong>anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Parti, A\u011fustos 1919\u2019da Mumduh Selim Bey<\/strong>\u2019in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kuruldu. Partinin ilk genel ba\u015fkan\u0131, Kerk\u00fckl\u00fc Necmedd\u00een H\u00fcseyin<\/strong>\u2019dir. Ayr\u0131ca Bitlisli Kemal Fevz\u00ee, Babanz\u00e2de Az\u00eez<\/strong> ve partinin kurucusu Memduh Selim Bey<\/strong>, partinin en aktif \u00fcyeleridirler. (39)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu partinin en ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fi, gerek Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde olsun gerek Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z topraklar \u00fczerinde \u201cK\u00fcrt\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak yasal bi\u00e7imde faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015f \u0130LK VE TEK parti olmas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fcrt Mill\u00ee Partisi<\/strong>, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 1927 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Xoybun Kongresi<\/strong>\u2019ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. (40)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25ba<\/strong> K\u00fcrt Kul\u00fcb\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyet de\u011fil kul\u00fcpt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diyarbekir ve Riha (Urfa)<\/em>\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkler\u2019le birlikte bir kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nermekte ve T\u00fcrk \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar<\/strong>\u2019la ortak hareket etmekteydi. (41)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Diyarbekir\u2019de Pirin\u00e7\u00e7iz\u00e2de Fevz\u00ee Bey<\/strong>, Urfa\u2019da ise \u015eeyh Savfet (Yetkin)<\/strong> bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nemli isimlerindendi ve her ikisi de Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin de ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde milletvekili olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. (42)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25ba<\/strong> K\u00fcrdistan Cemiyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n

1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. (43)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu cemiyet, ayn\u0131 kadro taraf\u0131ndan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda kurulan K\u00fcrdistan Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tim\u00e2iye Cemiyeti<\/strong> ile organik ba\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ayn\u0131 cemiyet olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. (44)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25ba<\/strong> K\u00fcrdistan \u0130stikl\u00e2l Cemiyeti (Azad\u00ee)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cK\u00fcrdistan \u0130stikl\u00e2l Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong>nin ad\u0131 Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cK\u00fcrdistan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Cemiyeti\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bir ad\u0131 da \u201cR\u00eax\u0131st\u0131na Azad\u00ee\u201d<\/strong> (K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019de \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong>) olan bu cemiyet, k\u0131saca \u201cAzad\u00ee\u201d<\/strong> ismiyle tan\u0131n\u0131p benimsenmi\u015f, kendisi de bu ismi kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum<\/strong>\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur.(45)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu tarihte Erzurum\u2019da kurulan Azad\u00ee<\/strong> cemiyetine kadar K\u00fcrdistan merkezli bir cemiyet kurulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok \u0130stanbul merkezli cemiyetlerin K\u00fcrdistan \u015fubeleri s\u00f6z konusudur. K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131n tabakas\u0131n\u0131n genelde ba\u015fkent \u0130stanbul\u2019da toplanmas\u0131n\u0131n bunda pay\u0131 belirleyicidir.\u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrdistan \u0130stikl\u00e2l Cemiyeti\u201d<\/strong> ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla \u201cR\u00eax\u0131st\u0131na Azad\u00ee\u201d<\/strong> veya k\u0131saca \u201cAzad\u00ee\u201d<\/strong>, K\u00fcrdistan merkezli kurulan ilk K\u00fcrt cemiyetidir. (46)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin kuruldu\u011fu yer, Erzurum\u2019da 8. Kolordu<\/strong>\u2019nun meskun bulundu\u011fu m\u0131nt\u0131kayd\u0131. Cemiyetin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini II. Abdulham\u00eed d\u00f6nemindeki Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131<\/strong> subaylar\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 ordusundaki K\u00fcrt subaylar olu\u015fturuyordu. (47)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Azad\u00ee<\/strong>\u2019nin liderleri, k\u0131saca \u201cCibranl\u0131 Hal\u00eed\u201d<\/strong> olarak an\u0131lan Cibran a\u015fireti a\u011falar\u0131ndanHal\u00eed Bey<\/strong> ile Bitlis beylerinden Yusuf Ziya Bey<\/strong> idi. Cemiyetin sekreteri ise Tayyib Ali<\/strong>idi. Cibranl\u0131 Hal\u00eed Bey<\/strong>, II. Abdulham\u00eed\u2019in Hamidiye Ordusu<\/strong> i\u00e7in kurdu\u011fu a\u015firet mekteplerine devam etmi\u015fti. Bu y\u00fczden a\u015firet liderlerinin \u00e7o\u011funda b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. D\u00fczenli orduda albayd\u0131. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc e\u011fitimden dolay\u0131 di\u011fer K\u00fcrt liderlerinden daha ayd\u0131n ve yurtseverdi. Ayr\u0131ca Cibranl\u0131 Hal\u00eed Bey, \u015eeyh Said Efendi\u2019nin kay\u0131nbiraderiydi.<\/strong> Yusuf Ziya Bey<\/strong> ise Bitlis\u2019te b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcf\u00fbzu olan biriydi. Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015fuyla birlikteTBMM<\/strong>\u2019ye \u201cBitlis milletvekili\u201d<\/strong> se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylece bolca seyah\u00e2t edebiliyor ve \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131rmadan pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fiyle temas kurabiliyordu.\u00a0Cibranl\u0131 Hal\u00eed Bey<\/strong>, K\u00fcrt Teali Cemiyeti<\/strong>\u2019nin ba\u015fkan\u0131 Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer<\/strong> ve Bitlis milletvekili Yusuf Ziya Bey<\/strong>\u2019le birlikte, K\u00fcrt mes\u2019elesini Milletler Cemiyeti<\/strong> (= Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler)<\/em>\u2019ne g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek istiyordu. (48)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Bitlisli<\/a><\/p>\n

Cemiyetin 23 \u015fubesi vard\u0131r: Diyarbekir, Siirt (9 \u015fube), \u0130stanbul, Dersim, Bitlis (2 \u015fube), Kars, H\u0131n\u0131s, Mu\u015f, Erzincan, Malazgirt ve Van (Beyt\u00fc\u015f\u015febap dahil 7 \u015fube). (49)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Azad\u00ee<\/strong> \u015fubeleri ve \u015fubedeki isimler \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n

Kalikala (Erzurum)<\/em>:<\/strong>\u00a0Miralay Cibranl\u0131 Hal\u00eed Bey (cemiyetin kurucular\u0131ndan; cemiyet ba\u015fkan\u0131; m\u00fcstahkem mevki\u00ee garnizon komutan\u0131)<\/em>, Arif\u00a0 Bey (H\u0131n\u0131s kaymakam\u0131)<\/em>, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck K\u00e2z\u0131m Bey (kaymakam)<\/em>, Miralay K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Rauf Bey, Hac\u0131 Dursun Bey, Abdull\u00e2h Bey ve Aslan Bey (son ikisi karde\u015f)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul:<\/strong> Seyy\u00eed Abdulkad\u00eer (\u015eeyh Ubeydull\u00e2h Nehr\u00ee\u2019nin o\u011flu; d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/em>\u0130slam \u00e2limlerinden)<\/em>, Abdurrah\u00eem Bey (avukat)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Qer\u0131s (Kars)<\/em>:<\/strong> Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Tevfik Bey.<\/p>\n

Baz\u00eed (Do\u011fubeyaz\u0131t)<\/em>:<\/strong>\u00a0 \u015eeyh \u0130brahim.<\/p>\n

M\u0131j \u2013 M\u0131lazg\u00eer (Mu\u015f \u2013 Malazgirt)<\/em>:<\/strong> Hayderanl\u0131 K\u00f6r H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa (\u015fube ba\u015fkan\u0131)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

G\u00fbmg\u00fbm (Varto)<\/em>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Miralay Hasenanl\u0131 Hal\u00eed Bey (\u015fube ba\u015fkan\u0131)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

X\u00een\u00fbs (H\u0131n\u0131s)<\/em>:<\/strong> R\u00fc\u015fd\u00ee Efendi (\u015fube ba\u015fkan\u0131)<\/em>, Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Re\u015fit Bey.<\/p>\n

Z\u00fblqarneyn (Bitlis)<\/em>:<\/strong> Yusuf Ziya Bey (cemiyetin kurucular\u0131ndan; milletvekili)<\/em>, Binba\u015f\u0131 Hac\u0131 Hasan Bey, \u015e\u0131rnakl\u0131 Abdurrahman A\u011fa.<\/p>\n

Tu\u015fba (Van)<\/em>:<\/strong> Molla Abdulmec\u00eed Efendi (Bediuzzeman Said-i Nurs\u00ee\u2019nin karde\u015fi)<\/em>, Sadun Bey\u00a0(Karahisar Hasaran a\u015fireti reisi)<\/em>, Binba\u015f\u0131 Arif Bey ve Ali Bey (\u015eemski a\u015fireti; son ikisi karde\u015f)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

S\u00eahrd (Siirt)<\/em>:<\/strong> Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u0130hsan Nur\u00ee (Bitlisli; Cibran a\u015firetinden)<\/em>, Hac\u0131 Abdull\u00e2h Efendi, Dervi\u015f Bey (g\u00fcmr\u00fck m\u00fcfetti\u015fi)<\/em>, Rezzak Bey (kaymakam)<\/em>, Veis Bey (emekli miralay)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u015eehr-i N\u00fbh (\u015e\u0131rnak)<\/em>:<\/strong> S\u00fcleyman A\u011fa (Hac\u0131 bayram a\u015fireti; \u015fube ba\u015fkan\u0131)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Cezire Botan (Cizre)<\/em>:<\/strong> Hac\u0131 Dursun Efendi, Abdulvahhab Efendi, Abdulmuttalib Efendi\u00a0(Silopi nahiye m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Diyarbekir (Diyarbak\u0131r)<\/em>:<\/strong> Ekrem Cemilpa\u015fa (Diyarbekirli Cemil Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu; \u015fube ba\u015fkan\u0131)<\/em>, Dr. Fuat Bey, Abdul\u011fani Bey, Dersimli Dr. Naz\u0131m Bey, Binba\u015f\u0131 Mustafa Bey, Adnan Bey (kaymakam)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

M\u00eard\u00een (Mardin)<\/em>:<\/strong> Hac\u0131 Kadir Efendi, Kadir Bey (Dersim kaymakam\u0131; 6. Alay subay\u0131)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Erz\u00eengan \u2013 Mezire \u2013 Dersim (Erzincan \u2013 El\u00e2z\u0131\u011f \u2013 Tunceli)<\/em>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Kangoz\u00e2de Ali Haydar\u00a0(\u015fube ba\u015fkan\u0131)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Z\u00fblqarneyn (Bitlis)<\/em> \u00e7evresi:<\/strong> Hac\u0131 Musa Bey (Erzurum Kongresi \u00fcyesi; Hayt\u00ee a\u015fireti reisi)<\/em>, Cemil\u00ea \u00c7eto, \u015eeyh Selahadd\u00een, Mustafa A\u011fa ve o\u011fullar\u0131 (\u011earzan a\u015fireti)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Tu\u015fba (Van)<\/em> \u00e7evresi:<\/strong> Karavilli Lezgin A\u011fa (Ertu\u015f\u00ee a\u015fireti)<\/em> ve karde\u015fi Eb\u00fbbekir A\u011fa, \u0130smail A\u011fa (Gevdan a\u015fireti)<\/em> Umer A\u011fa (Merus\u00ee a\u015fireti)<\/em>, \u0130smail A\u011fa (Simko \u015eikak a\u015fireti)<\/em>, \u015eeyh Abdurrahm\u00e2n Efendi (Bervas\u00ee a\u015fireti)<\/em>, \u015eahin A\u011fa, Yahy\u00e2 A\u011fa (Jirk\u00ee a\u015fireti)<\/em>, Yakub A\u011fa (Eruh a\u015fireti)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u015eehr-i N\u00fbh (\u015e\u0131rnak)<\/em> \u00e7evresi:<\/strong> Alikan A\u011fa, Abdurrahm\u00e2n A\u011fa (Hac\u0131 Bayram a\u015fireti)<\/em>, S\u00fcleyman A\u011fa, Umer Timur A\u011fa (Batman a\u015fireti)<\/em>, Arif A\u011fa, \u015eeyh Tahir (Batman a\u015fireti)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

M\u00eard\u00een (Mardin)<\/em> \u00e7evresi:<\/strong>\u00a0 Remo A\u011fa (Zengerdli)<\/em>, \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa (Milan a\u015firet reisi)<\/em>, Ey\u00fcp Bey (Milan a\u015fireti)<\/em>, \u0130sa A\u011fa, \u0130brahim A\u011fa (lakab\u0131 Deku\u015f\u00ee A\u011fa)<\/em>. (50)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

sediyani@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u0130PNOTLAR:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(1)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Mehmet Malmisan\u0131j, Yirminci Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Ba\u015f\u0131nda Diyarbekir\u2019de K\u00fcrt Ulus\u00e7ulu\u011fu (1900-1920), s. 43, Vate Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(2)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Kutbettin \u00d6zer, K\u00fcrtler ve Anayasa, Kurdistana Bakur, 31 Mart 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(3)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : J\u00een Dergisi, Say\u0131 6<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(4)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : J\u00een Dergisi, Say\u0131 10, 2 \u015eubat 1919<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(5)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : agd<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(6)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : David Romano, The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity, s. 28, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(7)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1952<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(8)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Metin Sever, K\u00fcrt Sorunu, s. 35, Cem Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul 1992<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(9)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : U\u011fur Mumcu, K\u00fcrt \u2013 \u0130slam Ayaklanmas\u0131, s.110, Tekin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1991<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(10)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Altan Tan, K\u00fcrt Sorunu, s. 160, Tima\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2009<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(11)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : U\u011fur Mumcu, K\u00fcrt \u2013 \u0130slam Ayaklanmas\u0131, s.70, Tekin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1991<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(12)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : age, s.75<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(13)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Vakit Gazetesi, 19 May\u0131s 1925<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(14)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Me\u015fr\u00fbtiyet D\u00f6nemi ve Sonras\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler, Kom\u00fcnar Dergisi, Aral\u0131k 2011<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(15)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : U\u011fur Mumcu, K\u00fcrt \u2013 \u0130slam Ayaklanmas\u0131, s.100, Tekin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1991<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(16)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : \u0130smail G\u00f6lda\u015f, K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti, s. 12 ve 27, Doz Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1991<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(17)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : V. Birs\u0131n\u00ee, K\u00fcrt Kelimesinin En \u00c7ok Yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130nsan: Hemzey\u00ea Muks\u00ee, B\u00eer Dergisi, Say\u0131 7, 28 Mart 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(18)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Mehmet Malmisan\u0131j, Diyarbekirli Cemilpa\u015fazadeler ve K\u00fcrt Mill\u00eeyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, s. 101, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2004<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(19)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Mehmet Malmisan\u0131j, Yirminci Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Ba\u015f\u0131nda Diyarbekir\u2019de K\u00fcrt Ulus\u00e7ulu\u011fu (1900-1920), s. 100 \u2013 101, Vate Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(20)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Altan Tan, K\u00fcrt Sorunu, s. 159, Tima\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2009<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(21)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : \u0130smail G\u00f6lda\u015f, K\u00fcrdistan Teali Cemiyeti, s. 114, Doz Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1991<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(22)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : age, s.70<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(23)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Cahit Tanyol, T\u00fcrkler ile K\u00fcrtler, s. 76 \u2013 77, Genda\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1999<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(24)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Kutbettin \u00d6zer, K\u00fcrtler ve Anayasa, Kurdistana Bakur, 31 Mart 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(25)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : agm<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(26)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : agm<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(27)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Yavuz Selim Karak\u0131\u015fla, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131z: \u201cK\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teali Cemiyeti\u201d, Tarih ve Toplum Dergisi, Say\u0131 111, Mart 1993<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(28)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Ruhat Alakom, Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Ad\u0131 Fazla Ge\u00e7meyen Bir Kurulu\u015f: K\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teali Cemiyeti, Tarih ve Toplum Dergisi, Say\u0131 171, Mart 1998<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(29)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : agm<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(30)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : agm<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(31)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Memduh Selim Beki, \u0130ki Eser-i Mebrur, J\u00een Dergisi, Say\u0131 20, 2 Haziran 1919<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(32)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Yavuz Selim Karak\u0131\u015fla, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131z: \u201cK\u00fcrt Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teali Cemiyeti\u201d, Tarih ve Toplum Dergisi, Say\u0131 111, Mart 1993<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(33)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : agm<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(34)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : agm<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(35)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : agm<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(36)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Kutbettin \u00d6zer, K\u00fcrtler ve Anayasa, Kurdistana Bakur, 31 Mart 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(37)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : M. \u015eerif Sevmi\u015f, Meh\u00e2b\u00e2d: Yar\u0131m Kalan \u015eark\u0131m\u0131z, Y\u00fcksekova Haber, 22 \u015eubat 2012<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(38)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : \u0130brahim Sediyani, Masai \u00dclkesinde M\u00fclteci Kamplar\u0131na Serdim Seccademi \u2013 17, Ufkumuz, 12 Nisan 2012<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(39)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Kutbettin \u00d6zer, K\u00fcrtler ve Anayasa, Kurdistana Bakur, 31 Mart 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(40)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : agm<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(41)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Me\u015fr\u00fbtiyet D\u00f6nemi ve Sonras\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler, Kom\u00fcnar Dergisi, Aral\u0131k 2011<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(42)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Kutbettin \u00d6zer, K\u00fcrtler ve Anayasa, Kurdistana Bakur, 31 Mart 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(43)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : U\u011fur Mumcu, K\u00fcrt \u00d6rg\u00fctleri, Milliyet Gazetesi, 9 Nisan 1972<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(44)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Kutbettin \u00d6zer, K\u00fcrtler ve Anayasa, Kurdistana Bakur, 31 Mart 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(45)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaweys, Komiteya \u0130stikl\u00e2la K\u00fbrdistan\u00ea, B\u00eer Dergisi, Say\u0131 2<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(46)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Me\u015fr\u00fbtiyet D\u00f6nemi ve Sonras\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler, Kom\u00fcnar Dergisi, Aral\u0131k 2011<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(47)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : U\u011fur Mumcu, K\u00fcrt \u2013 \u0130slam Ayaklanmas\u0131, s.48, Tekin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1991<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(48)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Dr. Ya\u015far Kalafat, Bir Ayaklanman\u0131n Anatomisi: \u015eeyh Said, s. 107, ASAM Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2003<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(49)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : Robert Olson, K\u00fcrt Mill\u00eeyet\u00e7ili\u011finin Kaynaklar\u0131 ve \u015eeyh Said \u0130syan\u0131 (1880 \u2013 1925), \u00d6z \u2013 Ge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Kas\u0131m 1992<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(50)<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> : age<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00dcRT TAR\u0130H\u0130 DERG\u0130S\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SAYI 14<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u011eUSTOS \u2013 EYL\u00dcL 2014<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130brahim Sediyani<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 (1914 \u2013 18) sonras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda, K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015funa (1923) kadar, ikisi 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ikisi 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda, biri 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda, biri de 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere 6 cemiyet, bir de yine 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere bir siyas\u00ee parti ve yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l bir kul\u00fcp kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu yap\u0131lanmalar \u015funlard\u0131: \u2013 K\u00fcrt Tamim-i …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,25,299],"tags":[741,740,137,737,17],"class_list":["post-2118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-forum","category-tarih","category-turkce","tag-birinci-dunya-savasi-sonrasi","tag-cemiyetler","tag-kurt","tag-sediyani","tag-slide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2118"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2118\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}