Hizan \u015feyhlerinden biri olan Mela Selim Efendi***, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a bilgili ve geli\u015fkin biri oldu\u011fundan Hizan \u015feyhi Sebgetullah Hizan\u00ee\u2019nin postni\u015fini olmu\u015ftu. Mela Selim Efendi, ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrd davas\u0131n\u0131 da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyordu. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in faaliyetlerde bulunduklar\u0131ndan Hoytlu Hac\u0131 Musa Bey ve \u015eemdinanl\u0131 Seyit Abd\u00fclkadir Efendi ile birlikte sultan Abd\u00fclhamit taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir fermanla 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Medine-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019ye s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Yine, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l sultan Abd\u00fclhamit, Ermeniler aras\u0131nda fitne ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k meydana getirmi\u015f, onlar\u0131 K\u00fcrdlerin aleyhine k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u015fekilde, K\u00fcrdlerle Ermenilerin aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak her iki halk\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. B\u00f6ylece, i\u00e7inde \u0130ngiliz Empeyalizmi ve Rusya kral\u0131 \u00c7ar Nikolay\u2019\u0131n elinin de oldu\u011fu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klardan dolay\u0131 Hizanl\u0131 Hac\u0131 Musa Bey, Ermeni TA\u015eNAK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. K\u0131saca de\u011findi\u011fimiz bu olaylar neticesinde K\u00fcrd halk\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7 ve n\u00fcfuz sahibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7ok ileri gelen Hicaz\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Mela Selim Efendi, Hoytlu Hac\u0131 Musa Bey ve \u015eemdinanl\u0131 Seyit Abd\u00fclkadir Efendi Hicaz\u2019da, Medine-i M\u00fcnevvere \u015fehrinde s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olan K\u00fcrd ileri gelenleriyle bir toplant\u0131 yap\u0131yorlar. Yine, Hac i\u00e7in Hicaz\u2019a gitmi\u015f bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka K\u00fcrd de g\u00fcndemi tamamen K\u00fcrd meselesi ile Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin zorbal\u0131k ve bask\u0131lar\u0131 olan bu toplant\u0131da haz\u0131r bulunuyor. Toplant\u0131n\u0131n sonunda, Osmanl\u0131 devletinden ayr\u0131larak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar\u0131na dair Medine-i M\u00fcnevvere \u015fehrinde bulunan Peygamber\u2019in (Allah\u2019\u0131n selam\u0131 \u00fczerinde olsun) kabri \u00fczerinde hep birlikte yemin i\u00e7iyorlar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fcnce her kes kendi yerinde yoksul ve esaret alt\u0131ndaki K\u00fcrd halk\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 devletinin i\u015fgalci ve zorba boyunduru\u011fundan kurtulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele edeceklerine dair aralar\u0131nda anla\u015fma yap\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n
Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid, 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mela Selim Efendi, Hoytlu Hac\u0131 Musa Bey ve \u015eemdinanl\u0131 Seyit Abd\u00fclkadir Efendi\u2019yi ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131nca di\u011fer K\u00fcrd s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerle birlikte Edremit yoluyla Hicaz\u2019dan K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fcyorlar. B\u00f6ylece Mela Selim Efendi K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a d\u00f6ner d\u00f6nmez propaganda ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131yor; Ba\u015fkale, Van, Mu\u015f, Bitlis ve Diyarbak\u0131r K\u00fcrdleri aras\u0131nda dola\u015farak bu konuda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu y\u00f6relerdeki a\u015firetler de Mela Selim Efendi\u2019in \u00f6\u011f\u00fct ve telkinlerine kulak veriyor, kendisine g\u00fcveniyor ve kurtulu\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda onu onayl\u0131yorlar. S\u00f6z\u00fcm ona Nak\u015fibendidir diye, yani kendi tarikatlar\u0131ndan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u015feyhlik bencilli\u011fi ve kendini be\u011fenmi\u015flik gibi basit \u015feyleri bahane ederek Halife Mela Selim Efendi\u2019in ard\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcyemeyeceklerini s\u00f6yleyen Kadiri \u015eeyhleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lacak bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Kadir\u00ee \u015feyhlerden \u015eeyh Abdurahim Tak\u00ee, \u00f6zellikle Mu\u015f ve Bulan\u0131k\u2019ta, Mela Selim Efendi\u2019ye yard\u0131m etmenin aksine Hamidiye saltanat\u0131na yard\u0131m ediyor.<\/p>\n
Burada vurgulanmas\u0131 gereken di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli nokta da \u015fudur. Mela Selim Efendi, K\u00fcrdl\u00fck mefkuresi ile K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorken, Hizan \u015feyhi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye K\u00fcrdistan\u0131\u2019n\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn Nak\u015fibendilerin \u00f6nderi \u015eeyh Sebgetullah Hizan\u00ee Allah\u2019\u0131n rahmetine kavu\u015furken, Mela Selim Efendi onun halifesiydi. Fakat, Allah kendisinden raz\u0131 olsun, halife Mela Selim Efendi bizzat \u015eeyh Sebgetullah\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra postuna oturma hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu halde oturmad\u0131. \u015eeyh Sebgetullah\u2019\u0131n hen\u00fcz on ya\u015flar\u0131nda olan \u015eahabeddin ad\u0131nda bir o\u011flu vard\u0131. Babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Mela Selim Efendi, \u00f6nderli\u011fin yol ve yordamlar\u0131n\u0131, yine bilim, tasavvuf ve dini ir\u015fad konular\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fu e\u011fitmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece babas\u0131n\u0131n yurdu ve dergah\u0131n\u0131 \u015eeyh \u015eahabeddin ile \u015fenlendirmek istiyordu. Mela Selim Efendi, bu arada, m\u00fcrit ve s\u00fbfilerin de sadece kendileri i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamalar\u0131n\u0131, daha \u00e7ok halk\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle milliyetperverli\u011fe liderlik yapmalar\u0131 gerekece\u011fini, b\u00f6ylece her iki d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 i\u00e7in hizmet etmi\u015f olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatarak onlar\u0131 da e\u011fitiyordu.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015feyhleri Mela Selim Efendi\u2019nin bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederek ve bundan memnun olarak milliyetperverlik davas\u0131nda g\u00f6n\u00fclden Mela Selim Efendi\u2019ye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldular. Bu \u015fekilde, Mela Selim Efendi, T\u00fcrkiye K\u00fcrdistan\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda kutlu K\u00fcrdl\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini yayd\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7ta \u00f6zellikle Ka\u011f\u0131zman, Kars ve Ardahan y\u00f6relerinde dervi\u015f ve m\u00fcritleri daha da \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131. K\u00fcrd halk\u0131ndan bir \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011fretmen ve ayd\u0131n ki\u015fi de Halife Mela Selim Efendi\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu arada, Ulama Heyeti, Osmanl\u0131 Hilafetinin \u0130slam ve \u015feriat\u0131n aleyhine h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, Alevilere (Caferi Mezhebi) kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir tutum tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve iktidar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklar\u0131n aras\u0131na ikilik ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k koydu\u011fundan, \u015feriata g\u00f6re K\u00fcrdistan\u2019in dindar ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na hizmet ederek yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, \u00f6zellikle K\u00fcrdlerin Osmanl\u0131 rejiminin emri alt\u0131nda imaml\u0131k, kad\u0131l\u0131k ve m\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fck yapmalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131nda bir fetva \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece Mela Selim Efendi\u2019nin K\u00fcrdl\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri etraf\u0131nda geli\u015fen K\u00fcrd halk\u0131n\u0131n bu yeti\u015fmi\u015f ayd\u0131n ve bilginlerinin m\u00fccadelesi sonucunda hareket gittik\u00e7e yay\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri de \u015f\u00f6yleydi: T\u00fcrkiye K\u00fcrdistan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131 vilayeti (Erzurum, Sivas, Mamura-t\u00fcl Aziz, Diyarbekir, Bidlis ve Van) isyana kalk\u0131\u015fmal\u0131; bu her alt\u0131 vilayetin halk\u0131 birden ba\u015f kald\u0131rmal\u0131, b\u00f6ylece K\u00fcrdl\u00fck hareketi kanatlanmal\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu temelde Mela Selim Efendi, bir\u00e7ok alim, \u015feyh ve y\u00f6re ileri geleniyle s\u00f6zle\u015fti ve anla\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Erzurum, Van ve Bidlis\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. \u0130stemleri de \u015fuydu: K\u00fcrdistan bir Muhtari Y\u00f6netim (Otonom) olarak T\u00fcrklerden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131 ama idari olarak Osmanl\u0131 Devletine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde Osmanl\u0131 Hilafeti y\u00f6netiminde kalmal\u0131.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu durumdan dolay\u0131 zora d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve Mela Selim Efendi\u2019nin yakalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in asker \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Neticede 1910 Haziran\u0131\u2019nda Mela Selim Efendi Van-Bidlis yolunda bir T\u00fcrk Alay\u0131 askerlerince yakaland\u0131. Fakat Mela Selim Efendi\u2019nin yakalanma haberini duyunca \u00e7ok i\u00e7erlenen \u015eeyh \u015eahabeddin, yan\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz kadar s\u00fcvarisiyle T\u00fcrk askerlerine kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015farak Mela Selim Efendi ile beraberindekileri T\u00fcrklerin elinden kurtard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu olaydan sonra K\u00fcrdistan meselesi de art\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu, b\u00f6ylece K\u00fcrdlerle T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bidlis vilayetinde ellerinde a\u011f\u0131r silahlardan 1 batarya a\u011f\u0131r da\u011f topu ile 12 mitraly\u00f6z\u00fcn oldu\u011fu 4 tabur kadar T\u00fcrk askeri vard\u0131. Fakat yine de \u015eeyh \u015eahabeddin onlara sald\u0131rmaktan \u00e7ekinmedi, bu sald\u0131r\u0131 neticesinde T\u00fcrk askeri k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, 2 top, 10 mitraly\u00f6z ile 300 kadar t\u00fcfek K\u00fcrd askerlerin eline ge\u00e7ti, 320 T\u00fcrk askerini de esir olarak ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Ama ne yaz\u0131k ki o sava\u015fta 50 kadar K\u00fcrd askeri de \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yenik T\u00fcrk ordusunun geri kalanlar\u0131, Bidlis valisini de ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131p beraberlerinde g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek Diyarbekir\u2019e do\u011fru geri \u00e7ekildiler. Fakat ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda sald\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in bir kolordu Diyarbekir\u2019den Bidlis\u2019e do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma neticesinde, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131c\u0131 ordusu Bidlis\u2019i yine i\u015fgal etti. Bu son sald\u0131r\u0131da, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok Ermeni sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 da vard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar, Ermeni g\u00fc\u00e7lerini [kalkan olarak] ordunun \u00f6n\u00fcne ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, onlar da 20 kadar K\u00fcrd sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015fehid etti. Fakat bu sava\u015f bu \u015fekilde sona ermedi, \u015eeyh \u015eahabeddin elindeki K\u00fcrd g\u00fc\u00e7leriye Bidlis \u015fehrinin do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda cephe tutarak Osmanl\u0131 askerlerini sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekti, neticede Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu bir kez daha yenerek Bidlis \u015fehrini i\u015fgalci T\u00fcrklerden tekrar geri ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Fakat olduk\u00e7a \u00e7irkin bir durum olan, \u00e7o\u011fu kez dini duygular\u0131 K\u00fcrd halk\u0131n\u0131n aleyhine kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylece kendi kazan\u00e7 ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131, yine h\u00fckumetin iktidar\u0131 ve otoritelerinin devam\u0131 i\u00e7in halk\u0131n i\u00e7ine dini, mezhebi ve tarikat ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koyarak K\u00fcrd hareketlerine b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar vermeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, bu sava\u015fta yine ayn\u0131 taktikleri kullanarak Kadir\u00ee tarikat\u0131na mensup birka\u00e7 \u015feyhi kendi saflar\u0131na \u00e7ekmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Kadir\u00ee \u015feyhlerden \u00f6zellikle Kufra [\u015eirvan?] kazas\u0131nda kalan \u015eeyh Abd\u00fclbaki ile \u015eeyh H\u00fcseyin Kadir\u00ee\u2019yi kulland\u0131. Onlar da, T\u00fcrklerin hesab\u0131na \u015eeyh \u015eahabeddin\u2019e ihanet ederek askerleriyle Bidlis \u015fehri \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Bidlis \u015fehrini elinde tutan \u015eeyh \u015eahabeddin, K\u00fcrdler aras\u0131nda karde\u015f kavgas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131, yani K\u00fcrd ile K\u00fcrd aras\u0131nda karde\u015f kan\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclmemesi i\u00e7in Bidlis \u015fehrini b\u0131rakarak M\u00fcks [Bah\u00e7esaray?]-Siirt\u2019e \u00e7ekildi. T\u00fcrkler, bu \u015fekilde Bidlis \u015fehrini yeniden i\u015fgal ettiler. Fakat Mela Selim Efendi 1913 bahar\u0131na kadar b\u00f6lgede kalmaya devam etti. Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti her ne kadar \u015fehir merkezindeydi ama sadece \u015fehir merkezinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrebiliyordu, vilayetin \u00e7evresi tamamen K\u00fcrd askerlerin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fckumeti, Van, Mu\u015f, Erzurum ve Diyarbekir\u2019den 3 kolordu kadar asker haz\u0131rlayarak Mela Selim Efendi ile \u015eeyh \u015eahabedin\u2019in \u00fczerine sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 18 nisan 1914 tarihine kadar sanki her iki silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 (K\u00fcrdler ve T\u00fcrkler) aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zl\u0131k anla\u015fmas\u0131 var gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de her iki taraf birbirine g\u00fcvenmiyor ve zaman zaman aralar\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Kanl\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma sonucunda \u015eeyh \u015eahabeddin\u2019in karde\u015fi \u015eeyh Mehmed \u015eirin Efendi ile kuzenleri Seyid Ali Efendi T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan esir al\u0131narak Bidlis \u015fehir merkezinde 10 kadar di\u011fer K\u00fcrdle birlikte as\u0131larak temiz ruhlar\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da feda edildi. Bu durum Zaza Mela Selim Efendi\u2019ye \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r geldi\u011finden Bidlis \u015fehir merkezine bir intikam sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenledi. Bu amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekten de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kahramanl\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6stererek Bidlis \u015fehir merkezinde bir Kanl\u0131 gece meydana getirdi. Bu da \u015f\u00f6yle oldu: Mela Selim Efendi, 40 kadar fedai adam\u0131yla geceleyin Bidlis \u015fehir merkezine s\u0131zarak sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Mela Selim Efendi\u2019nin komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki bu 40 K\u00fcrd fedai sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 askerleriyle 5 saat kadar \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve neticesinde 2 alay komutan\u0131 albay ile 5 di\u011fer subay ve 140 kadar T\u00fcrk askeri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Sava\u015f, gece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin \u00e7o\u011fu birbirlerinin kur\u015funuyla \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Fakat g\u00fcne\u015f do\u011fup g\u00fcn a\u011far\u0131nca daha yeni Mela Selim Efendi ile emrindeki 40 kahraman\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 sarabildiler. Neticede, bu ablukada da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar devam etti, 10 kadar K\u00fcrd sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 kahramanca kendilerini feda ederek 20 kadar arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman \u00e7emberini yararak kurtulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131lar ancak Mela Selim Efendi ile geri kalan 10 kadar fedaisi Bidlis \u015fehir merkezindeki Rus Konsoloslu\u011funa s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorunda kald\u0131 ve Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na kadar da orada kald\u0131lar. Fakat Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz, Osmanl\u0131lar, Rus konsolosla birlikte Mela Selim Efendi ve beraberindeki 10 K\u00fcrd sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 esir ederek \u2018K\u00fcrdl\u00fck ve dinsizlik\u2019 su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla onlar\u0131 Konsoloshanenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ast\u0131. Mela Selim Efendi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n kutlu kurtulu\u015f davas\u0131na kurban olup m\u00fcbarek v\u00fccudundan koparak yere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye kadar 8 g\u00fcn boyunca dara\u011fac\u0131nda as\u0131l\u0131 tutularak te\u015fhir edildiler.<\/p>\n
Mela Selim Efendi as\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 65 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131, dara\u011fac\u0131na gitti\u011finde Bidlis valisi, kendisine \u201cAllah bizi muzaffer edecek demi\u015fsin, niye olamad\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d dedi\u011finde, \u015eeyh Selim Efendi cevaben \u015f\u00f6yle buyuruyor: \u201cEvet. Allah bize zaferi bah\u015fetti. Fakat aram\u0131zda hainler oldu\u011fundan geri al\u0131nd\u0131.\u201d Bunlar\u0131 dedikten sonra bu kez k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131kla valiye d\u00f6nerek \u201cFakat sana m\u00fcjdeler olsun, cehennemliksin, yerin cehennem! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hakk\u0131m\u0131 sana bildirdim ama kabul etmedin\u2026\u201d dedikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor: \u201c\u015eu \u00f6l\u00fcm sadece bana de\u011fil ki! Ama sizler, hem bu d\u00fcnyada hem ahirette y\u00fcz\u00fc karalardan olacaks\u0131n\u0131z! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcm ve saltanat\u0131n\u0131z ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc ve hilebaz ve kalle\u015f\u00e7edir. Bu yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131zla sonsuza dek gidemezsiniz ve elbette hak yerini bulacakt\u0131r.\u201d Mela Selim Efendi, bu \u015fekilde K\u00fcrd b\u00fcy\u00fcklerine yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck g\u00f6stererek hayat\u0131n\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131 yolunda dara\u011fac\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek feda ediyor.<\/p>\n
Mela Selim Efendi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir insand\u0131 ve bir kahramand\u0131. Dindar ve milliyetperver bir ki\u015fiydi; bilgili, \u015fair ve edip idi. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a biliyordu, yine b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrd leh\u00e7elerinin ustas\u0131yd\u0131. Buhar\u00ee\u2019nin \u00fcnl\u00fc Mesnevi divan\u0131n\u0131 Kurmanc\u00ee K\u00fcrd\u00e7esiyle \u015farh ve tefsir etmi\u015fti. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n istikbali i\u00e7in iki kez \u0130stanbul\u2019a, d\u00f6rt kez de Hicaz\u2019a gitmi\u015f, oralarda s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde veya tutuklu olan K\u00fcrd ileri gelenleriyle temasa ge\u00e7mi\u015f, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Do\u011frusunu s\u00f6yleyecek olursak, \u015eeyh \u015eahabeddin, bir\u00e7ok kez Mela Selim Efendi\u2019ye \u201cBiz kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz fakat k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ard\u0131m\u0131zdan y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcyor\u201d diyerek bo\u015f verip yerinde oturmas\u0131n\u0131 rica ediyor ama Mela Selim Efendi, \u015eeyh \u015eahabeddin\u2019i dinlemiyor ve davas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7miyor. K\u00fcrd halk\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fcrekli dola\u015farak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan geri durmuyor, T\u00fcrklerin tehdit ve bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan da korkmuyor. Elbette dini ve milli ir\u015fad\u0131 birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyordu ve daima \u015funu s\u00f6ylerdi: \u201cSon nefesime dek dini ve milli meselelerde K\u00fcrd halk\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m ve davamdan vazge\u00e7meyece\u011fim!\u201d<\/p>\n
Fakat ne yaz\u0131k ki \u015funu da vurgulamak gerekir. Hamidiye h\u00fckumeti, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan olan T\u00fcrkiyenin do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde K\u00fcrdleri kontrol alt\u0131na almak ve par\u00e7alara b\u00f6lmek, aralar\u0131ndaki birlik ve beraberlik tutkal\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmek, toplumdaki istikrar\u0131 bozmak, b\u00f6ylece K\u00fcrdlerin Osmanl\u0131 saltanat\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in halktan 24 Alay asker olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid, K\u00fcrd halk\u0131ndan olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bu askeri te\u015fkilatlar\u0131 Rus Kazaklar\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 da kulland\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda bu K\u00fcrd g\u00fc\u00e7lerden \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 zaten. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n kutsal topraklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve K\u00fcrdlerin kurtulu\u015fu olan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nemli K\u00fcrd milli hareketlerinde bu 24 alay asker, kendi halk\u0131n\u0131n eme\u011fiyle beslendikleri halde hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde K\u00fcrdl\u00fck hareketlerine kat\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6stererek yard\u0131mda bulunmad\u0131lar, aksine T\u00fcrklerle birlik yapmalar\u0131 ya da K\u00fcrd ulusunun kurtulu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tarafs\u0131z kalmalar\u0131 utan\u00e7 verici bir durumdu.<\/p>\n
Utan\u00e7 ve kara y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck, halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ihanet edenlerin, \u015fan ve \u015feref Mela Selim Efendi\u2019nin temiz ruhu ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kaynak: Zazaki.net<\/p>\n
_____<\/p>\n
* [\u00c7evirmenin notu]: \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaveys, 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir subay \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak Musul\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya geldi. S\u00fcleymaniye\u2019de \u0130lkokula ba\u015flad\u0131 ve e\u011fitimini Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019da Harbiye okulundan mezun olarak Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda te\u011fmen olarak g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Selanik\u2019te esir d\u00fc\u015fer ama daha sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6ner ve 1914-1918 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcren Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Ordusunda subay olarak sava\u015fa kat\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eeyh Mahmut ile \u0130ngilizler aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n devam etti\u011fi d\u00f6nemde, 1918 \u015fubat\u0131nda S\u00fcleymaniye\u2019ye d\u00f6nen \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaveys, K\u00fcrd direni\u015fi i\u00e7inde yerini alarak \u015eeyh Mahmud Berzenci\u2019yi temsilen \u0130ngilizlerle \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yapar. Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, 1919\u2019da Tebriz \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ge\u00e7er ve 1920\u2019de y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle T\u00fcrkiye ordusunda Kafkas cephesinde Ermenilerle yap\u0131lan Aras sava\u015flar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r. Ko\u00e7giri hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda do\u011fu cephesinde y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle g\u00f6rev yapmaktad\u0131r. Binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle 1927 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar T\u00fcrkiyenin Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015flar\u0131nda da yer al\u0131r. Sonralar\u0131 [\u015eemdinli olay\u0131ndan dolay\u0131?] subayl\u0131ktan ayr\u0131larak Irak\u2019a d\u00f6ner, oradan da Paris\u2019\u00ea gider. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Irak\u2019a d\u00f6ner, Irak ordusunda subayl\u0131k yapmaya ba\u015flar fakat \u0130nglizler kendisini Irak kral\u0131na suikaste te\u015febb\u00fcs etmekle su\u00e7layarak ordudan att\u0131r\u0131rlar. Yine Paris\u2019e gider, Paris\u2019de K\u00fcrd meselesi hakk\u0131nda makaleler yay\u0131mlar. Tekrar Irak\u2019a d\u00f6ner ve bir s\u00fcre birka\u00e7 kazada kaymakaml\u0131k yapt\u0131ktan sonra K\u00fcrdl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 g\u00f6revden at\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kadar K\u00fcrd davas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr ve bir\u00e7ok kez hapis cezas\u0131 alarak de\u011fi\u015fik cezaevlerinde yatar. \u00c7e\u015fitli gazete ve dergilerde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131 ve makalesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra iki de kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaveys, 12 may\u0131s 1976 tarihinde hayat g\u00f6zlerini yumar.<\/p>\n
\u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaveys (1894 \u2013 1976)<\/p>\n
\u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaveys subay \u00fcniformas\u0131yla<\/p>\n
Mela Selim efendinin irfan ile ilgili el yazmas\u0131 notlar\u0131ndan<\/p>\n
**[\u00c7evirmenin notu]: \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaveys\u2019in \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f makalelerinden olu\u015fan ve Sorani K\u00fcrd\u00e7esiyle yay\u0131nlanan \u201cJ\u00eeyan \u00fb Berhemekan\u00ee \u00cesma\u00eel Heq\u00ee \u015eaveys, Dezgay \u00c7ap \u00fb Belawkirdin\u00ee Aras, Zinc\u00eerey Ro\u015finb\u00eer\u00ee, \u00c7ap\u00ee Yekem, \u00c7apxaney Wezaret\u00ee Perwerde, Hewl\u00ear-2003 (\u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaveys\u2019in Ya\u015fam\u0131 ve Eserleri, Aras Bas\u0131n ve Yay\u0131n Kurumu, Ayd\u0131nlanma Dizisi, Birinci bask\u0131, E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bas\u0131mevi, Erbil, 2003)\u201d adl\u0131 kitaptan Kurmanc\u00ee K\u00fcrd\u00e7esine \u00e7evirdi\u011fim bu makale, \u00e7e\u015fitli dergi ve \u0130nternet sitelerinde yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan sonra, \u015fimdi de asl\u0131na sad\u0131k karalak T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evirdim. (Ro\u015fan Lezg\u00een)<\/p>\n
***[\u00c7evirmenin notu]: Mela Selim Efendi, K\u00fcrdler aras\u0131nda \u201c\u015e\u00eax Sel\u00eem, Xel\u00eefe Sel\u00eem, Seyda Mela Sel\u00eem, Mela Sel\u00eem\u00ea Dimil\u00ee\u201d ve Mela Sel\u00eem\u00ea Zaza adlar\u0131yla tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131da da ge\u00e7ti\u011fi gibi, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaveys de genellikle \u201cMela Selim Efendi\u201d diyor ama kimi zaman \u201cHalife\u201d veya \u201c\u015eeyh\u201d \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u201cZaza Mela Selim Efendi\u201d de diyor. Nevzat Bing\u00f6l, Bitlis D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve Akademik \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu taraf\u0131ndan 26-28 haziran 2014 tarihlerinde Bitlis\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen \u201c1. Uluslararas\u0131 Bitlis Sempozyumu\u201dna sundu\u011fu bildiride, Mela Selim Efendi\u2019nin Bedi\u00fczzaman Said-i Nursi\u2019ye de hocal\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Bedi\u00fczzaman, bir kitab\u0131nda kendisinden \u201cHocam Zaza Selim\u201d diye and\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131. Nevzat Bing\u00f6l, daha sonra kitapla\u015fan ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en sempozyumdaki bildirisinde \u201cMela Selim\u2019in babas\u0131 Mela Mahmut, annesi Hevsete, Bing\u00f6l\u2019\u00fcn Gen\u00e7 kazas\u0131 \u015e\u00een (T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmi\u015f ad\u0131: Balg\u00f6ze) k\u00f6y\u00fcnde 1849 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011fini, ilk e\u011fitimini babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda ald\u0131ktan sonra \u015eam ve Kahire\u2019de y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim alarak 12 ilmi (Sarf, Nahv, K\u0131raat, Beyan, Akaid, Mant\u0131k, Kelam, Tafsir, Hadis, \u0130lmi Maani, \u0130lmi Bedi\u2019 ve Lugat) tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yazar: \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u015eaveys*<\/p>\n
Soran\u00ee K\u00fcrt\u00e7esinden \u00e7eviri: Ro\u015fan Lezg\u00een**<\/p>\n
Kaynak: Zazaki.net internet sayfas\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hizan \u015feyhlerinden biri olan Mela Selim Efendi***, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a bilgili ve geli\u015fkin biri oldu\u011fundan Hizan \u015feyhi Sebgetullah Hizan\u00ee\u2019nin postni\u015fini olmu\u015ftu. Mela Selim Efendi, ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrd davas\u0131n\u0131 da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyordu. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in faaliyetlerde bulunduklar\u0131ndan Hoytlu Hac\u0131 Musa Bey ve \u015eemdinanl\u0131 Seyit Abd\u00fclkadir Efendi ile birlikte sultan Abd\u00fclhamit taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir fermanla 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-biyografi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19224"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19224\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}