{"id":1909,"date":"2015-12-03T09:42:28","date_gmt":"2015-12-03T07:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/?p=1909"},"modified":"2018-10-15T02:25:41","modified_gmt":"2018-10-14T23:25:41","slug":"nutukun-kimligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=1909","title":{"rendered":"\u201cNutuk\u201dun Kimli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dcstad\u2019\u0131n Nutuk ve sonras\u0131ndaki makaleleri, toplumsal in\u015fan\u0131n temel dinamiklerini muhtevi bir alternatif program ve projeler silsilesidirler. Her ne kadar \u201cakla husumet\u201d eden \u201cDevr-i \u0130stibdad\u201d ile \u201chayata husumet\u201d eden \u201cMe\u015frutiyet\u00fc\u2019l-isim ve m\u00fcstebid\u00fc\u2019l-man\u00e2” \u015fu\u2019be-i hafiye\u201dnin barikatlar\u0131na tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da\u2026
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cNutuk<\/strong>\u201d, \u00dcstad Bedi\u00fczzaman\u2019\u0131n, bilinen ilk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/strong> ve ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong> eseridir. Zira eserin 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc sayfas\u0131ndaki \u201c\u0130fade-i Mer\u00e2m<\/strong>\u201dda, \u201cKader bana T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi az vermi\u015f, hatt\u0131 ise hi\u00e7 vermemi\u015f. Dilim, kalbim(in) lisan\u0131(n\u0131) iyi anlam\u0131yor ki iyi terc\u00fcmanl\u0131k etsin. Hem de derin yerde(n) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor manay\u0131; bazen hakikat par\u00e7alan\u0131r. Sizin fehim ve dikkatiniz bana yard\u0131m etsin!<\/strong>\u201d demektedir. Bununla, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve hat konusundaki mazeretini arz ederken, 4\u2019nc\u00fc sayfadaki \u201c\u0130\u2019tizar<\/strong>\u201dda ise, \u201cBirinci tecr\u00fcbe, birinci in\u015fa, birinci nutuk oldu\u011fundan, noksan ve i\u011fl\u00e2k\u0131 tabi\u00eedir<\/strong>.\u201d diyerek, yaz\u0131<\/strong>, yazarl\u0131k<\/strong> ve hitabet<\/strong>te yeni oldu\u011funu teyid ediyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nutuk, toplamda 29 sayfa<\/strong> olup, uzun-k\u0131sa 7 makale<\/strong>den m\u00fcte\u015fekkildir. Makaleler, \u00dcstad\u2019\u0131n, II. Me\u015frutiyet<\/strong>\u2019in(24 Temmuz 1908) ilan\u0131 ile takip eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te, irticalen<\/strong> ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131<\/strong> olarak irad etti\u011fi nutuklar\u0131ndan derlenmi\u015ftir. Kitab\u0131 derleyen, Diyarbak\u0131r Liceli Merhum Ahmed R\u00e2miz Efendi<\/strong>\u2019dir. Ahmed R\u00e2miz, \u201cVolkan<\/strong>\u201d, \u201c\u015eura-y\u0131 \u00dcmmet<\/strong>\u201d, \u201cMizan<\/strong>\u201d, \u201cSerbesti<\/strong>\u201d, \u201c\u015eark ve K\u00fcrdistan<\/strong>\u201d,” \u201cK\u00fcrd Teav\u00fcn ve Terakki<\/strong>\u201d gibi gazetelerdeki makalelerden sarf-\u0131 nazarla, sadece \u201cMisbah<\/strong>\u201d ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 gazetelerdeki yaz\u0131lar\u0131 derlemi\u015ftir. R\u00e2miz, ayn\u0131 zamanda, Nutuk\u2019un ne\u015fredildi\u011fi \u201c\u0130ctihad K\u00fct\u00fcbhanesi<\/strong>\u201dnin de sahibidir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n k\u00fcnyesi (<\/strong>\u00fcst ve ara kapaklardaki yaz\u0131lara g\u00f6re) \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

\u00dcst kapak<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130htar: Hata-Sev\u00e2b Cedveli sonunda oldu\u011fundan, dikkat edilmesi.\u201d, \u201cKitabh\u00e2ne-i \u0130ctih\u00e2d\u201d, \u201cBedi\u00fczzaman-\u0131 K\u00fcrd\u00ee\u2019nin Nutuklar\u0131\u201d, \u201cHer hakk\u0131 mahfuzdur; tekrar tab\u2019\u0131, Kitabh\u00e2ne-i \u0130ctih\u00e2d sahibi Ahmed R\u00e2miz Efendi\u2019ye aittir.\u201d, \u201cKitabh\u00e2ne-i \u0130ctihad\u2019\u0131n m\u00fchr\u00fc olmayan n\u00fcshalar sahtedir; taklid edenler, Kanun-i Esasi ile mes\u2019uld\u00fcr.\u201d, \u201cDesa\u00e2det\u201d, \u201c\u00c7emberli Ta\u015f \u2013 \u0130kb\u00e2l-\u0131 Millet Matba\u2019as\u0131, 1324\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

Ara kapak<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u201cDersa\u00e2det\u2019te K\u00fct\u00fcbh\u00e2ne-i \u0130ctih\u00e2d, Aded \u2013 1\u201d, \u201cNutuk\u201d, \u201cNa\u015firi: K\u00fct\u00fcbh\u00e2ne-i \u0130ctih\u00e2d sahibi Ahmed Efendi\u201d, \u201cHer hakk\u0131 mahfuzdur; taklid edenler, Kanun-i Esasi ile te\u2019dib edilir.\u201d, \u201cDersa\u00e2det\u201d, \u201c\u0130kb\u00e2l-\u0131 Millet Matba\u2019as\u0131\u201d, \u201c\u00c7emberli Ta\u015f\u2019ta Vezir H\u00e2n\u0131 der\u00fbnunda, Numro \u2013 10\u201d, \u201c1326<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kapak yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; eser, Miladi tarihle, 1908<\/strong>\u2019de \u201c\u0130kbal-\u0131 Millet Matbaas\u0131<\/strong>\u201dnda bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup b\u00fct\u00fcn yay\u0131n haklar\u0131 m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran K\u00fct\u00fcbhane-i \u0130ctihad sahibi Ahmed R\u00e2miz Efendi<\/strong>\u2019ye aittir. (\u00dcst kapaktaki 1324 tarihi ile ara kapaktaki 1326 tarihleri, Rum\u00ee ve Hicr\u00ee takvimlerine g\u00f6redir. Mil\u00e2d\u00ee kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 1908\u2019dur) Ayr\u0131ca, kapak yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan hareketle, diyebiliriz ki bu eserin bir di\u011fer ad\u0131, \u201cBedi\u00fczzaman-\u0131 K\u00fcrd\u00ee\u2019nin Nutuklar\u0131<\/strong>\u201dd\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, eserin \u201cNutuklar<\/strong>\u201d \u015feklinde isimlendirilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 halde; eser, mezk\u00fbr ne\u015friyat\u0131n birinci s\u0131ra<\/strong> kitab\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nutuk, hacmen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, muhteva itibariyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir risaledir. \u0130htiva etti\u011fi mevzular, ana hatlar\u0131yla; \u201c\u015eeriat<\/strong>\u201d, \u201cMe\u015frutiyet<\/strong>\u201d, \u201c\u0130stibdad<\/strong>\u201d, \u201cH\u00fcrriyet<\/strong>\u201d, \u201cMedeniyet<\/strong>\u201d, \u201cAdalet<\/strong>\u201d, \u201c\u0130\u2019tidal<\/strong>\u201d, \u201c\u0130stikamet<\/strong>\u201d, \u201c\u0130ttihad<\/strong>\u201d gibi din\u00ee ve sosyal mevzulard\u0131r. Eserde, \u2013veciz ve mukni ifadelerle\u2013 \u015eeriat ve ona muvaf\u0131k h\u00fcrriyet, me\u015frutiyet, medeniyet ve adaletin g\u00fczellikleri anlat\u0131l\u0131rken, istibdad, tahakk\u00fcm ve cebrin fenal\u0131klar\u0131; su-i istimale a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fcrriyet ve serbestiyetin mahzurlar\u0131 da bir bir anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Makalelerin baz\u0131s\u0131 genel (\u201cH\u00fcrriyet\u2019e Hitab<\/strong>\u201dda oldu\u011fu gibi), baz\u0131s\u0131 ise \u00f6zel formattad\u0131r (\u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019daki K\u00fcrdlere Edilen Telkinat<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201cK\u00fcrdistan Ulema, Me\u015fayih ve R\u00fcesas\u0131na Me\u015frutiyet\u2019e Dair Telkinat<\/strong>\u201d makalelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi). Ancak, her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda \u201cMe\u015frutiyet<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201cH\u00fcrriyet<\/strong>\u201d kavramlar\u0131, \u201cMe\u015fruiyet<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201c\u015eeriat\u0131n terbiyesi<\/strong>\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

II. Me\u015frutiyet<\/strong>\u2019in il\u00e2n\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, Me\u015frutiyet<\/strong>–H\u00fcrriyet ikilisi <\/strong>ve bu kavramlar\u0131n\u015eeriatla ili\u015fkileri<\/strong>nin ayd\u0131n ve ulemalar nezdindeki yorumlar\u0131; kamuoyuna yans\u0131malar\u0131na bakarsak, Nutuk<\/strong>\u2019ta i\u015flenen Me\u015frutiyet<\/strong>–Me\u015fruiyet ili\u015fkisi<\/strong>nin ne kadar isabetli oldu\u011funu daha iyi anlar\u0131z. Zira o g\u00fcn; \u0130ttihad\u00e7\u0131lar<\/strong> ve gayrim\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klar<\/strong>, II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131n\u0131 bayram havas\u0131nda<\/strong> \u015fenlik <\/strong>ve ihtifallerle<\/strong> kutlarlarken, sefih<\/strong> ve hevaperest <\/strong>kesimler, hayvan\u00ee <\/strong>ve \u015fehvan\u00ee<\/strong> histerilerle co\u015fmaktayd\u0131lar. Bir k\u0131s\u0131m ayd\u0131n ve ulema ise, bu devrim<\/strong>i ve \u0130ttihad\u00e7\u0131 devrimbazlar<\/strong>\u0131 k\u00fcf\u00fcr<\/strong> ve dinsizlik<\/strong>le ittiham ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dcstad\u2019a gelince; O, Me\u015frutiyet\u2019i me\u015fruiyet unvan\u0131yla kabul ve telkin ederken; h\u00fcrriyetin, adab-\u0131 \u015feriatla tahdid ve te\u2019dib edilmesi gerekti\u011fini her f\u0131rsatta dile getirmekteydi. Nutuk\u2019ta oldu\u011fu gibi, sonraki makale ve Risalelerinde de bu inan\u00e7 ve idealinden asla taviz vermemi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc O, \u015eeriat dairesindeki h\u00fcrriyetin \u201cf\u0131trat\u201d<\/strong>a (yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f kanunlar\u0131na) muvaf\u0131k, aksinin ise, d\u00fcped\u00fcz bir \u201chayvanl\u0131k<\/strong>\u201d oldu\u011funu iddia ediyordu; bir di\u011fer ifadeyle, \u201chad-i vasat<\/strong>\u201d\u0131 (orta yol) g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n

Nutuk\u2019un ilk makalesi, \u201cDa\u011f meyvesi ac\u0131 da olsa dev\u00e2d\u0131r, ama hazm\u0131 sakil<\/strong>\u201d ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen me\u015fhur \u201cH\u00fcrriyet\u2019e Hitab<\/strong>\u201dd\u0131r. Bu makale, H\u00fcrriyet\u2019in (II. Me\u015frutiyet<\/strong>) ilan\u0131n\u0131n 3. g\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong>nde \u0130stanbul<\/strong>\u2019da irticalen; sonras\u0131nda ise, Selanik H\u00fcrriyet Meydan\u0131<\/strong>\u2019nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak, i\u00e7lerinde binlerce siyas\u00eenin de oldu\u011fu<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitleye okunmu\u015ftur. Bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla, ilk olarak, \u201cMisbah<\/strong>\u201d gazetesinin 2<\/strong> ve 9 Ekim 1908<\/strong> n\u00fcshalar\u0131nda \u2013iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u015feklinde\u2013 tefrika edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonralar\u0131 ise, ba\u015fta \u201cVolkan<\/strong>\u201d olmak \u00fczere, bir\u00e7ok gazete de ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer makaleler de, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, muhtelif gazetelerde (1908 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde) yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu arada, \u00dcstad\u2019\u0131n, Dersaadet\u2019e(\u0130stanbul) geli\u015finin, H\u00fcrriyet\u2019in il\u00e2n\u0131ndan 1 sene \u00f6ncesi<\/strong>ne rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (1908\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131<\/strong>) belirtmeliyiz (Bkz. \u015eualar, s. 322). Geli\u015f amac\u0131 ise; \u201cMedreset\u00fc\u2019z-Zehra<\/strong>\u201d projesinin tahakkukudur. Bu amac\u0131na dair, Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid<\/strong>\u2019e yeti\u015ftirilsin diye, Mabeyn<\/strong>\u2019e sundu\u011fu dilek\u00e7enin sureti, \u201c\u015eark ve K\u00fcrdistan<\/strong>\u201d gazetesinin (19 Te\u015frin-i S\u00e2ni 1908) ilk say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131n 2<\/strong>\u2019nci<\/strong> sayfa<\/strong>s\u0131nda aynen ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir. Malum, bu dilek\u00e7e sonras\u0131nda \u201ccinnetle<\/strong>\u201d t\u0131marhane<\/strong>ye, sonras\u0131nda da \u201cnezarethane<\/strong>\u201d sevk edilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcya ki Tahir Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n referans\u0131yla gelmi\u015fti!…<\/p>\n

H\u00e2s\u0131l\u0131: \u00dcstad\u2019\u0131n Nutuk ve sonras\u0131ndaki makaleleri, halis bir niyet<\/strong>in g\u00f6stergesi; toplumsal in\u015fan\u0131n temel dinamikleri<\/strong>ni muhtevi bir alternatif program ve projeler silsilesi<\/strong>dirler. Her ne kadar \u201cakla husumet<\/strong>\u201d eden \u201cDevr-i \u0130stibdad<\/strong>\u201d ile \u201chayata husumet<\/strong>\u201d eden \u201cMe\u015frutiyet\u00fc\u2019l-isim ve m\u00fcstebid\u00fc\u2019l-man\u00e2 \u015fu\u2019be-i hafiye<\/strong>\u201dnin barikatlar\u0131na tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da\u2026<\/p>\n

Yunus \u0130PEK\/ zehra.com.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dcstad\u2019\u0131n Nutuk ve sonras\u0131ndaki makaleleri, toplumsal in\u015fan\u0131n temel dinamiklerini muhtevi bir alternatif program ve projeler silsilesidirler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1746,299],"tags":[662,660,124,659,658,661,17,5416],"class_list":["post-1909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-kitapcilik","category-turkce","tag-bediuzzeman-saide-kurdi","tag-dini","tag-mirov","tag-nutuk","tag-nutuq","tag-risaleyen-nure","tag-slide","tag-tanitim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1909"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1909\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}