G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/p>\n
Halen \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u201dOsmanl\u0131lardan \u00f6nce Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da K\u00fcrtler\u201d konusunda kaynak taramas\u0131 yaparken, ilk \u00f6nce \u015eikar\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan\u00a0Karamanname[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 vakayinamede, Osmanl\u0131 vakayinamelerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da Rum Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6neminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden beylikler, kurulu\u015flar\u0131, rekabet ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131rken geni\u015f bir K\u00fcrt unsuruna yer verildi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemledim. Eser, bir Karaman Beyli\u011fi tarihi ve onu kay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pek \u00e7ok olayda, bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 y\u00f6relerinde, hanedan soylar\u0131, n\u00fcfuslar\u0131, a\u015firet varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle K\u00fcrtlere geni\u015f yer veriyordu. Bu K\u00fcrt varl\u0131k ve g\u00fcc\u00fc, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 derecede belirgin ve yayg\u0131nd\u0131. Hem uclarda; Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun egemenlik alanlar\u0131na yap\u0131lan gaza ve fetihlerde, hem de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ele ge\u00e7irdikleri alanlarda, n\u00fcfus yerle\u015ftirmelerinde, ayr\u0131ca m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f co\u011frafyada kendi aralar\u0131ndaki rekabet ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda bilinegelinenden olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131. Y\u00fczlerce K\u00fcrt a\u015firet, bey, emir ve komutandan, on bine, yirmi bine, bazen otuz bine varan K\u00fcrd ve K\u00fcrdistan ordular\u0131ndan, bunlar\u0131n kale ve \u015fehirleri fethetmelerinden bahsedilmekteydi.<\/p>\n Anlat\u0131lanlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde dikkate de\u011fer bir olay da Sel\u00e7uklulardan sonra Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7en Konya \u015fehrinin K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan bir d\u00f6nem fethedilmesi ve toplam olarak iki y\u0131la varan bir s\u00fcre onlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmesiydi. Fetih, Karamano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netiminden \u015fik\u00e2yet eden Konya halk\u0131n\u0131n ve ileri gelenlerinin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine olmu\u015ftu. K\u00fcrtler\u2019e, gelirlerse, \u015fehri bizzat kendilerine teslim edecekleri s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunduklar\u0131, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah adl\u0131 bir K\u00fcrt emiriydi. O da \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 olumlu kar\u015f\u0131layarak Konya\u2019y\u0131 sarm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015fm\u015f, \u015fehir halk\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcnde durarak surlar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, Kutlu \u015eah\u2019a yard\u0131m etmi\u015fti. Konya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde meydana gelen sava\u015fta d\u00f6rt bin Karmano\u011flu askeri, k\u0131rk elli \u015fehzade ve beyi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah Konya\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u015eikar\u00ee, ayr\u0131ca konuyla ilgili olarak Eretna Beyli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde, Eretna Bey\u2019e, o\u011flu Mehmed Bey\u2019e, onun yerine gelen o\u011fullar\u0131na vezirlik ve Kayseri ile Sivas \u015fehirlerine valilik yapan Hace Ali ve karde\u015fi \u0130bn K\u00fcrd\u2019e de yer verir.<\/p>\n Sonra, Amasyal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin Abdizade\u2019nin 12 ciltlik\u00a0Amasya Tarihi[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 eserindeki taramalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Konya\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcrtlerce bir kez de\u011fil, \u00fc\u00e7 kez fethi, bunlar\u0131 yapan kahramanlar daha net ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019nin Hace Ali \u015eah\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi olarak g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u0130bn K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn asl\u0131nda Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n ta kendisi oldu\u011fu, iki karde\u015fin geni\u015f bir K\u00fcrt a\u015firetinin mensuplar\u0131 olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u00f6zkonusu n\u00fcfusun Amasya\u2019ya ne zaman geldi\u011finden bahsedilmese de orada eskiden beri yerle\u015fmi\u015f yayg\u0131n bir g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011fu, hanedan ailesinin ve ileri gelenlerinin emirlik ve farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeylerde idari ve dini y\u00f6neticilik yapt\u0131klar\u0131, din ve ilim alan\u0131nda topluma hizmet eden yetkin \u015fahsiyetler yeti\u015ftirdikleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ailenin, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Sel\u00e7uklu hanedan ailesiyle evlilikten gelen yak\u0131n akraba ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131 vurgulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah \u0130bn K\u00fcrd ile Hace Ali \u015eah beylerin babalar\u0131 Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n son h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ebu Said Bahad\u0131r Han\u2019\u0131n Anadaolu genel valisi Emir \u00c7oban taraf\u0131ndan Amasya\u2019ya emir olarak atand\u0131\u011f\u0131, o tarihten itibaren ta Osmanl\u0131 devletine kat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na dek Amasya emirli\u011finin bu K\u00fcrt hanedan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Hac\u0131 M\u00eer\u00ee (Mir\/Emir, Hac\u0131 \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa) emirli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde, Amasya emaretinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu emirli\u011fin\u00a0K\u00fcrdo\u011flu Emareti<\/em>,\u00a0Kutlu\u015fah Emareti<\/em>\u00a0ya da\u00a0\u015eadgeldi Emareti<\/em>olarak Amsaya, Sivas, Tokat, \u015earki Karahisar\u2019\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131, belli d\u00f6nemlerde Sinop\u2019u ve Kayseri\u2019yi de i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, Erzincan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na dek vard\u0131\u011f\u0131, Konya\u2019y\u0131 k\u0131sa aral\u0131klarla da olsa Karamano\u011fullar\u0131ndan alarak y\u00f6netti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tarih alan\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ma ra\u011fmen ilk defa b\u00f6yle bir K\u00fcrt emirli\u011finin ad\u0131n\u0131 duyman\u0131n \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itiraf etmeliyim. \u00d6nce bunu, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7abalar\u0131ma ra\u011fmen tarih alan\u0131ndaki bilgisizli\u011fime yordum. Ancak\u00a0Amasya Tarihi<\/em>\u2019nde bu beylik hakk\u0131nda derli toplu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli detayl\u0131 bilgiler veren Abdizade H\u00fcsseyin H\u00fcsameddin\u2019in konuya ili\u015fkin tespitlerini okuyunca, \u015fak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131n o denli de bo\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Amasya Tarihi yazar\u0131 H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin de,\u00a0Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd<\/em>\u2019le tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kan, onun o\u011flu\u00a0Hac\u0131 Nureddin Kutlu \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0ve ard\u0131ndan onun o\u011flu\u00a0H\u00e2c\u0131 \u015e\u00e2dgeldi Pa\u015fa<\/em>\u2019yla g\u00fc\u00e7lenip ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan, iktidar\u0131n\u0131 onun o\u011flu\u00a0Emir Ahmed<\/em>\u2019le s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Amasya K\u00fcrt emirli\u011finin ad\u0131n\u0131n, tarihteki yerinin vs. kendisine gelinceye dek T\u00fcrkiye tarihinde hi\u00e7 olmam\u0131\u015f gibi karanl\u0131k kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hayretle belirtir. Amasya\u2019l\u0131 olan tarih\u00e7i bu emirlik i\u00e7in, \u2018\u2019o kadar mech\u00fbldi ki bunlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddi\u00e2 etmek bile imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131. H\u00e2c\u0131 \u015e\u00e2dgeldi Pa\u015fa ve babas\u0131 Kutlu \u015e\u00e2h kendi \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun ortas\u0131nda adlar\u0131, olaylar\u0131, eserleri \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f se\u00e7kin tarihi \u015f\u00e2hsiyetler iken, malesef T\u00fcrkiye ve Osm\u00e2nl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerince tan\u0131nm\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131 tarih d\u00fcnyas\u0131na tan\u0131tan, eser ve an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, mezarlar\u0131n\u0131, soy soplar\u0131n\u0131 bulan bendeniz oldum.<\/em>\u2019\u2019demektedir.\u00a0[3]<\/a><\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin Abdizade 1869\u2019da Amasya\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f, ilk e\u011fitimini burada yapt\u0131ktan sonra 1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a gitmi\u015f, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ilimler alan\u0131nda, Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a dillerinde ileri bir seviyeye gelmi\u015ftir. Bu dilleri iyi bilmesi nedeniyle Evkaf Nezareti\u2019nde Arap\u00e7a terc\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1903\u2019te K\u00f6pr\u00fc Kazas\u0131 Mahkemesi vekilli\u011fi, Osmanc\u0131k, Niksar ve Ref\u00e2hiye kazalar\u0131nda mahkeme vekilli\u011fi, Ref\u00e2hiye\u2019de Evk\u00e2f nezareti i\u00e7in Arap\u00e7a eski vak\u0131f kay\u0131tlar\u0131 terc\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.1909\u2019da kurulan T\u00e2rih-i Osm\u00e2n\u00ee Enc\u00fcmeni \u00fcyesi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcs\u00e2meddin, 10 \u015eubat 1939 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve Ferik\u00f6y mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1930\u2019lar\u0131n \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi d\u00f6nemindeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe kap\u0131l\u0131p o da, -art\u0131k mecburiyetten midir isteyerek mi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r bilinmese de- T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi b\u00fct\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle T\u00fcrk g\u00f6sterme kampanyalar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f, verdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgileri Amasya\u2019daki bu hanedan\u0131n K\u00fcrt oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, hatta eserinin ileriki sayfalar\u0131nda K\u00fcrt olduklar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k kendisi de dillendirdi\u011fi halde ba\u015fta onlar\u0131n K\u00fcrt ya da Mo\u011fol olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir. Onun en \u00f6nemli eseri on iki ciltlik\u00a0Amasya Tarihi<\/em>\u2019dir. Bunlardan ba\u015fka, iki eseri ile\u00a0Tarih-i Osman\u00ee Enc\u00fcmeni Mecmuas\u0131<\/em>,\u00a0T\u00fcrk Tarihi Enc\u00fcmeni Mecmuas\u0131<\/em>\u00a0ile\u00a0\u0130kdam<\/em>gazetesinde makaleleri yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Arap\u00e7ay\u0131, Fars\u00e7ay\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131cay\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilme \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 Amasya Tarihi\u2019ni yazarken \u00e7ok geni\u015f kaynak taramas\u0131 yapabilmi\u015f, tarih kroniklerini, vakayinameleri, k\u00fct\u00fcphane, vak\u0131f, cami, medrese ve tekyelerdeki el yazma eserleri, kay\u0131t defterlerini, senetleri, secereleri, kitabeleri, sikkeleri vs. elden ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir kayna\u011fa dayanan olduk\u00e7a detayl\u0131 bilgiler vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Eserinde, \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019nin\u00a0Karamanname\u2019<\/em>si, Aziz b. Erde\u015fir Esterabadi\u2019nin\u00a0Bezm \u00fb Rezm\u2019<\/em>i, M\u00fcnecim Ba\u015f\u0131 ve daha pek \u00e7ok vakan\u00fcvisin bilgileri \u00f6zel yer tutar. Asl\u0131nda bu meseleye orijinali fars\u00e7a olan ve Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin Ahmed\u2019in divan katibi olan Aziz b. Erde\u015fir Esterabadi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan\u00a0Bezm \u00fb Rezm<\/em>\u2019i\u00a0(E\u011flence ve Sava\u015f)<\/em>okuyunca vak\u0131f olmu\u015f, bu eseri \u00f6zet olarak terc\u00fcme ederek kendi\u00a0Amasya Tarihi<\/em>\u2019nde geni\u015f\u00e7e kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00d6n\u00fcn\u00fczdeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada da, H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin\u2019in verdi\u011fi bu bilgilerden detayl\u0131 yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca bug\u00fcn terc\u00fcmeleri ve yeni alfabeye \u00e7evirileri tam olarak elimizde bulunan\u00a0Bezm \u00fb Rezm<\/em>\u2019e, \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019nin\u00a0Karamanname<\/em>\u2019sine, \u0130bni Bibi\u2019ye de do\u011frudan ba\u015fvurulmu\u015ftur. Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 devirler hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler veren \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019yi g\u00f6rmemi\u015f, ancak o d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin olarak \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019den bol bol yararlanan M\u00fcnecimba\u015f\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla onun bilgilerini detayl\u0131ca kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z detayl\u0131 bilgilerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en eserlerdeki adlar, secereler, hanedanlar\u0131n birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve oynad\u0131klar\u0131 roller,\u00a0Amasya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z K\u00fcrt Emirli\u011fi<\/em>\u00a0\u00fczerine yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir hale geldi.<\/p>\n EM\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130N DO\u011eUP B\u00dcY\u00dcD\u00dc\u011e\u00dc KO\u015eULLAR<\/p>\n \u0130slam, Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131nda do\u011fup yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar, o d\u00f6nemin iki b\u00fcy\u00fck devleti olan Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kom\u015fular\u0131 g\u00fcneydeki Araplar, K\u00fcrt topraklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu ve g\u00fcney do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerine\u00a0el Cibal<\/em>, kuzey ve kuzey bat\u0131s\u0131na\u00a0Zozan<\/em>, ya da genel olarak\u00a0Eradi\u2019l Ekrad<\/em>diyorlard\u0131. K\u00fcrtler kuzeydo\u011fu, kuzey ve kuzeybat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Araplara kom\u015fuydu. Kimi y\u00f6relerde de Farslar, Asuri-S\u00fcryaniler, Keldaniler, Ermeniler, Yahudiler ve di\u011fer irili ufakl\u0131 halklarla adac\u0131klar gibi yan yana, i\u00e7i\u00e7e ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Araplardan sonra \u0130slamiyeti, bazan zorla, bazen ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131, kurum ve d\u00fczenlerini korumak, bazan da -daha sonraki a\u015famalarda- yay\u0131lman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi kazan\u0131mlardan yararlanmak, fetih ve gazalarda bulunmak i\u00e7in en yak\u0131n kom\u015fu olarak en erken K\u00fcrtler benimsediler.<\/p>\n \u0130lk y\u0131llar\u0131nda do\u011fuya, kuzeye ve kuzeybat\u0131ya do\u011fru yay\u0131lan \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler deyim yerindeyse neferler, hizmetk\u00e2rlar, alt tabaka mensuplar\u0131 olarak yer ald\u0131lar. Bu d\u00f6nemin yay\u0131lma ve fetihlerinin \u00f6nderleri, komutan ve y\u00fcksek idarecileri Araplard\u0131.<\/p>\n Alt tabakalarda olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen K\u00fcrtler en erken M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f gazi ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, Arap emir ve komutanlar\u0131n fermanlar\u0131yla yerlerinden kayd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p yeni fethedilen alanlar\u0131 \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in toplu olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131lar. K\u00fcrtlerin \u0130slamiyetin do\u011fu\u015fundan sonra ilk toprak geni\u015fletmeleri b\u00f6yle oldu. Ard\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 K\u00fcrt hanedanlar\u0131 ve emirleri, yeni fetihlerde bulunmak, gaza ve cihadlarda ganimet elde edip zenginle\u015fmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle kuzeyde; Azerbaycan, Ermenistan, G\u00fcrcistan, Kafkasya, \u015eirvan ve Horasan\u2019a do\u011fru, bat\u0131da; bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriye, Antakya, Klikya, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan y\u00f6nlerinde Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun i\u00e7ine do\u011fru alan geni\u015flettiler. \u015eedadiler, Rewadiler, Hasanveyhiler, Mervaniler vs. b\u00f6yle olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Devlet ve hanedanl\u0131klar kurunca K\u00fcrtler, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kuzey ve bat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en u\u00e7lar\u0131nda, serhad boylar\u0131nda varl\u0131k g\u00f6steren\u00a0\u2018gazi millet\u2019<\/em><\/strong>haline geldiler, \u2018\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n m\u0131zra\u011f\u0131\u2019\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>oldular.\u00a0Kuzeyde ve bat\u0131da \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n serhad boylar\u0131nda yer alanlar Araplar ya da Farslar de\u011fil, K\u00fcrtler ve sonradan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015f\u0131p onlarla kayna\u015fan y\u00f6re topluluklar\u0131 oldu.<\/em><\/p>\n Bu arada Araplar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131nca bat\u0131 ve kuzey bat\u0131daki K\u00fcrtler \u00f6nceleri daha \u00e7ok Emevilerle, do\u011fu ve kuzeydo\u011fudakiler \u015eiiler ve Haricilerle yak\u0131n ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde oldular. 8. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Emeviler K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan \u00e7ekilip, M\u0131s\u0131r ve kuzey Afrika y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uzakla\u015f\u0131rlarken, Abbasiler egemen dini ve d\u00fcnyevi g\u00fc\u00e7 olmaya ba\u015fad\u0131lar. Abassi s\u00fcnni gelene\u011fi K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da yay\u0131ld\u0131. Ama g\u00fcneydo\u011fuda Farslarla i\u00e7i\u00e7e olan alanlarda \u015eiilik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korudu. Emevilerin arkalar\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131lar\u0131 baz\u0131 etkileri de kald\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca sonradan g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Fat\u0131mili\u011fin de bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcney yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131ndaki K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda\u00a0heterodox\u00a0<\/em>islamla\u015fmada \u00f6nemli etkileri oldu.<\/p>\n Do\u011fuya yay\u0131lan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Arap ve Farslar 9. ve 10. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda \u0130slam\u0131 yaymay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. \u0130lkin k\u00f6leler ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar olarak \u0130slam diyarlar\u0131na getirtilen T\u00fcrkler 11. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren O\u011fuzlar\u0131n ba\u015fka g\u00fc\u00e7lerce yurtlar\u0131ndan kovulmalar\u0131 sonucunda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131, Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131, Arabistan\u2019\u0131, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n el Cibal, Zozan ve Germiyan denen b\u00f6lgelerini de istila etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkmenler m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f O\u011fuzlara deniyordu, ama bu, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve y\u00fczeysel bir islamla\u015fmayd\u0131. K\u0131m\u0131l gibi yay\u0131lan ve istila ettikleri alanlarda, kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bile bir-iki haftadan daha fazla yetecek hi\u00e7bir \u015fey b\u0131rakmayan bu istila ve talan dalgas\u0131, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 kas\u0131rgalar gibi eziyor, kurumla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan devlet ve iktidarlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kertiyor, yerle\u015fim ve uygarl\u0131k ad\u0131na bir \u015fey b\u0131rakm\u0131yordu. Hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131, hem de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n dar\u00fclharp (gayrim\u00fcslim) alanlarda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri gaza ve cihad\u0131 \u0130slamla\u015fm\u0131\u015f topraklarda yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunun \u0130slam yasalar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu Abbasi halifesi Tu\u011frul Bey\u2019in y\u00fcz\u00fcne vurdu ama dinleyen olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n Sonra isteseler de art\u0131k ele ge\u00e7irdikleri bu \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131ndan d\u00f6nemez oldular, y\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 pek \u00e7ok devlet ve iktidar\u0131n yerlerine ge\u00e7tiler, yerlerini koruyabilen iktidarlar\u0131 vesayet alt\u0131na ald\u0131lar. Tabi bir iki nesil sonra hem yerli halklarla hem de kendi aralar\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve \u00e7eki\u015fmelere girdiler.<\/p>\n O\u011fuz-T\u00fcrkmen sald\u0131r\u0131 ve egemenlikleri d\u00f6nemlerinde ortadan kalkan, par\u00e7alanan K\u00fcrt devletleri de daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck emaret ve devlet\u00e7iklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, vesayet alt\u0131na girdiler.<\/p>\n Par\u00e7alanma ve y\u0131k\u0131lmalar, \u00f6nemli bir K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfus dalgas\u0131n\u0131 daha \u2018anavatan\u2019dan kopar\u0131p bat\u0131 ve kuzeye do\u011fru itti, yeni alanlara K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfus kaymalar\u0131 oldu. K\u00fcrtler bu kaymalar\u0131n sonucunda ta bat\u0131 ve Orta Anadolu\u2019ya, kuzeye Rum Pontus topraklar\u0131na, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a ve Ermenistan\u2019a kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131lar. Kafkasya\u2019ya ta\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Ard\u0131ndan O\u011fuzlar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Mo\u011follar gelip iki farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, iki b\u00fcy\u00fck dalga halinde yapt\u0131lar ve ayn\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131 bu sefer yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan O\u011fuz-T\u00fcrkmenlere onlar \u00e7ektirdi, iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131, kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 alt\u00fcst ettiler. Tabi di\u011fer halklar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine katarak\u2026<\/p>\n 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren gelen Mo\u011fol istilalar\u0131n\u0131n arkadan olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7, ayn\u0131 anda Farslar\u0131n ve Araplar\u0131n kendi topraklar\u0131ndan itmeleri, O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkmenlerini \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan bat\u0131ya do\u011fru Roma devletinin do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinin i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru itti.<\/p>\n On ikinci ve on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n Ermenistan, G\u00fcrcistan, Pontus ve Roma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde en uc b\u00f6lgelerinde ve serhad boylar\u0131nda Farslar ya da Araplar de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtler bir bak\u0131ma yan yana, \u00fcst \u00fcste, i\u00e7i\u00e7e yerle\u015ftiler, hem birbirleriyle \u00e7eki\u015fip kavga ettiler, hem de \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte davrand\u0131lar, birlikte yay\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Eyy\u00fcbi devletinin kurulup bir imparatorlu\u011fa b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, K\u00fcrtlere Suriye, M\u0131s\u0131r, Yemen ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019ya oldu\u011fu gibi, Klikya-Kapadokya\u2019ya, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019a ve Roma\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer do\u011fu topraklar\u0131na do\u011fru da toprak kazand\u0131rd\u0131. K\u00fcrt mirleri, serdarlar\u0131, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe K\u00fcrt nuf\u00fcs ve a\u015firetleri Eyyubi devletinin getirdi\u011fi olanaklardan yararlanarak \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hem hiyerar\u015fik olarak y\u00fckselip g\u00fc\u00e7lendiler hem de co\u011frafi alan bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yay\u0131l\u0131p geni\u015flediler. Afrika ve Yemen\u2019deki topraklarda k\u00f6kl\u00fc olarak bar\u0131namad\u0131lar belki ama daha \u00f6nce Romal\u0131lar\u0131n egemenli\u011finde olan topraklarda tam yerle\u015ftiler.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkler; \u00f6nce atabegler ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu hanedan ailesinin merkezinden d\u0131\u015ftalanan amca \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, \u00fcvey karde\u015fleri, o odakta yer bulamay\u0131p periferilere savrulan kesimleri, ard\u0131ndan B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Anadoluya y\u00f6neldiler. Bunlar\u0131n bat\u0131da, uc boylar\u0131nda, dar\u00fclharpte umudu aramaya ba\u015flay\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etmeleri ve Rum Sel\u00e7uklu devletini kurmalar\u0131 yepyeni bir yay\u0131lma zemini olu\u015fturdu. Y\u00fczlerce, binlerce denebilecek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrt ve T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firet ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, beylerinin komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fli\u011finde bu alanlara dolu\u015ftular.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7ilerinin iddialar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu devletinin devam\u0131 olmad\u0131lar. Onlar\u0131n kovduklar\u0131, ya da onlarca d\u0131\u015ftaland\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7aresine bakanlar\u0131n kurduklar\u0131, hem de B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn engellemelerine ra\u011fmen kurduklar\u0131 bir devlettir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular \u0130slamla\u015fan bir d\u00fcnyaya el koymaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapmam\u0131\u015flar, Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 ise, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 bat\u0131 Anadolu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde geni\u015fletmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n 1250\u2019den sonra gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck Mo\u011fol dalgalar\u0131 da \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler halinde K\u00fcrtleri ve T\u00fcrkleri eski yerle\u015ftikleri alanlardan kopar\u0131p bat\u0131ya savurdu. Bu arada Mo\u011follar\u0131n kendileri de \u0130slam topraklar\u0131yla yetinemeyince, ya da \u015eam ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi daha ileri gidemeyince, Roma u\u00e7lar\u0131na, serhad boylar\u0131na do\u011fru, orta ve bat\u0131 Anadoluya gelip, fetih ve iktidar kavgalar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Bu dalga i\u00e7inde Gaznelilerin kovdu\u011fu, Mo\u011follar\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Harezm\u00eeler (Xwrezmiyan) de Horasan y\u00f6relerinden kopup ta Klikya\u2019ya, Kapadokya\u2019ya, F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n kuzey havzalar\u0131na kadar geldiler.<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece orta ve bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da, Akdeniz\u2019den, Ege\u2019den yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru Kara Deniz\u2019e, Paflagonya denen topraklara, Rum Sel\u00e7uklu sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n serdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkmenler, K\u00fcrtler, Harezm\u00eeler, Mo\u011follar M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n unsurlar\u0131 olarak yer ald\u0131lar. Rumlar, Ermeniler, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Asuri-S\u00fcryaniler, di\u011fer Ortodoks Hristiyan halklar burada zaten varlard\u0131. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferlerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla Frenkler\/Latinler geldiler. Farslar ve tek t\u00fck denebilecek seyreklikte Araplar daha \u00e7ok dini, idari ve tasavvufi topluluk ve ki\u015filikler olarak gelip yerle\u015ftiler. Araplarla Acemler b\u00fcy\u00fck halk topluluklar\u0131 olarak buralara ilgi g\u00f6stermediler.<\/p>\n Gelen Mo\u011follar derin islami geleneklerden yoksunlard\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130slam bile de\u011fildi, bir iki as\u0131r kalarak en sonunda 15 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu terkedip geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler. Baz\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 elbetteki kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Harezmlilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha o d\u00f6nemde sona erdi. Onlar bir bak\u0131ma ka\u00e7k\u0131nd\u0131lar, gelip Rum Sel\u00e7uklu Sultanlar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131, onlardan \u00f6nemli postlar, topraklar ve zenginlikler umuyorlard\u0131. Umduklar\u0131n\u0131 bulamad\u0131lar. Serke\u015fliklere kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar, talanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda denediler. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131, hem Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n, hem de Eyy\u00fcbilerin politikalar\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu, iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131 sars\u0131yor, egemenlikleri alt\u0131ndaki topraklarda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klara sebep oluyordu. Bu iki devletin bazen ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131, bazen de birlikte vurduklar\u0131 darbelerin ard\u0131ndan Harezm\u00eeler \u00e7abuk \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcp da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Tabii O\u011fuz istilalar\u0131, ard\u0131ndan birinci ve ikinci Mo\u011fol dalgalar\u0131 \u00e7ok sert, vah\u015fi ve h\u0131zl\u0131 geldi, ama \u00f6yle hemen birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k gel-git dalgalar\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde \u00e7abuk biten olaylar olmad\u0131. On birinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar O\u011fuz-T\u00fcrkmen istila ve egemenlik d\u00f6nemleri, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan 15 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar da ta Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na, Bursa\u2019ya, Karadeniz\u2019e kadar giden, \u0130zmir\u2019e bile pen\u00e7e atan Mo\u011fol dalgalar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Toplamda 300-350 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan bir d\u00f6nem s\u00f6z konusu oldu.<\/p>\n \u0130stilalar, ilk andaki yak\u0131p y\u0131kmalar, katliamlar bi\u00e7iminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olsa da daha sonra istilac\u0131l\u0131ktan g\u00f6\u00e7ebelikten yerle\u015fik ya da yar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f, iktidar ve devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131, yeni nesilllerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte, kal\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6nceden varolan yerli halklarla yan-yana, i\u00e7i\u00e7e, k\u00e2h sava\u015f\u0131p k\u00e2h bar\u0131\u015fmaya, k\u00e2h i\u015fbirli\u011fine yol a\u00e7an ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imlerini getirdi.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7ileri g\u00f6zard\u0131 etseler de, Rum Sel\u00e7uklu devletinin Klikya, Kapadokya, orta ve bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da, Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, bir ara \u0130znik\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irip, Marmara\u2019ya, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019na kadar uzamas\u0131, Birinci Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi\u2019yle tekrar Kayseri, Sivas ve Konya\u2019ya kadar gerileyerek ikinci bir hamleyle yeniden yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi Anadolu\u2019nun \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131nda Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n fethetti\u011fi topraklara T\u00fcrkmenlerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra Mo\u011follar, Harezm\u00eeler ve K\u00fcrtler de b\u00fcy\u00fck toluluklar halinde gelip yerle\u015ftiler. Asl\u0131nda daha ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri, bu topluluklar beraberce s\u00f6zkonusu topraklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler, bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 iktidar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca Hristiyanl\u0131ktan ve ba\u015fka dinlerden islamla\u015fan Rum, Ermeni ve Asuri-S\u00fcryaniler de s\u00f6zkonusu n\u00fcfusa kat\u0131ld\u0131. Say\u0131lar\u0131 hi\u00e7 de az de\u011fildi, b\u00fcy\u00fck topluluklar olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. Hristiyan olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Rum, Ermeni, G\u00fcrc\u00fc ve Franklar\u0131 da \u00f6zellikle belirtmek gerekir. Bir ara K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan b\u00fcy\u00fck Tatar sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 topluluklar\u0131 da kimi Rum Sel\u00e7uklu sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n daveti \u00fczerine geldiler.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkmen, K\u00fcrt, Mo\u011fol ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fan H\u0131ristiyan beyleri, Sel\u00e7uklularca Roma\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131na uc beyleri, Kara Deniz\u2019in, Ege ve Akdeniz\u2019in sahillerine emir sevahiller (sahil emirleri) olarak yerle\u015ftirildiler. Bunlar hem s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 koruyor, hem de gaza ve fetihlerle toprak geni\u015fletiyolard\u0131.<\/p>\n MO\u011eOL \u0130LHANLI DEVLET\u0130 EGEMENL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/p>\n Mo\u011follar\u0131n devasa bir d\u00fcnya imparatorlu\u011funa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeleriyle, g\u00fcneybat\u0131 kollar\u0131; \u0130ran, Azerbaycan, Ermenistan, K\u00fcrdistan, G\u00fcrcistan, Arap ve Acem Irak\u2019\u0131 alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ta bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya kadar olan topraklar bir birim say\u0131larak y\u00f6netimi Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n torunlar\u0131ndan H\u00fclag\u00fc Han\u2019a verildi ve burada Mo\u011fol \u0130lhanl\u0131 devleti kuruldu. H\u00fclag\u00fc\u2019dan sonra o\u011fullar\u0131 ve yak\u0131n idarecileri bu topraklar\u0131 y\u00f6neten b\u00fcy\u00fck hanlar ya da Anadolu genel valileri oldular.<\/p>\n 1243 K\u00f6se Da\u011f\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u0130lhanl\u0131lar Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131 yendi. Yanilgi, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n sonunun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu. \u00d6nce boyun e\u011fmeler, daha sonra vasall\u0131k ve giderek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere varan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar nedeniyle devlet zay\u0131flad\u0131, merkezi otorite kayboldu, farkl\u0131 iktidar odaklar\u0131 do\u011fdu. Daha \u00f6nce Sel\u00e7uklu sultanlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan beylikler \u00f6nce yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131lar, ard\u0131ndan yar\u0131m as\u0131r sonra (14 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda) Sel\u00e7uklular b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn ortadan kalk\u0131p Mo\u011fol d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flay\u0131nca, Mo\u011fol \u0130lhanl\u0131 hanedanlar\u0131na ba\u011flanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden, \u00f6nce Mera\u011fe\u2019de sonra Tebriz\u2019de bulunan \u0130lhanl\u0131 iktidar merkezinde de \u00e7eki\u015fme ve kavgalar ba\u015flay\u0131nca, devlet yava\u015f yava\u015f kabu\u011funa \u00e7ekildi, \u00e7at\u0131rdad\u0131, periferiden merkeze do\u011fru yay\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olu\u015fumlar boy g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n Anadolu\u2019da ilk ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z beylik dalgas\u0131, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n zay\u0131flay\u0131p da\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131yla, ikinci dalga ise Mo\u011fol-\u0130lhanl\u0131 devletinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u0130lk dalgaya Karamanl\u0131lar, Germiyanlar, Candariler, Mente\u015fa Beyli\u011fi, Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131lar Beyli\u011fi, Saruhanlar vs \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir, \u0130kinci dalgasya Eretna Beyli\u011fi, Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin devleti, Amasya K\u00fcrt Emareti, Erzincan Taceddino\u011fullar\u0131, Mutaharten beylikleri vs gibi beylikler \u00f6rnek verilebilir. Birinci dalga beylikler daha \u00e7ok Sel\u00e7uklular kaybolunca, ikinci dalga beylikler de Mo\u011fol\/\u0130lhanl\u0131lar da\u011f\u0131l\u0131nca ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Her iki dalga beyliklerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00f6nemleri, i\u00e7lerinde en h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fip, yay\u0131lma ko\u015fullar\u0131 bulunan Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00f6nce bat\u0131ya, Trakya ve Balkanlara yay\u0131lmas\u0131, ard\u0131ndan Anadolu\u2019da beylikler aras\u0131 rekabet ve sava\u015flarda g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi neticesinde, ister zorla, ister ittifak ve anla\u015fmalarla bu beyli\u011fin topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131yla son bulmu\u015ftur. Tabii Anadolu Beylikler d\u00f6neminin sona ermesi 150-200 y\u0131ll\u0131k uzun bir d\u00f6nemi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu d\u00f6nemde bat\u0131 ve orta Anadolu\u2019da, Ak Deniz, Ege ve Kara Deniz sahillerinde onlarca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve miraslar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 devletine devretmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z beyliklerin Osmanl\u0131lara entegre olma s\u00fcreci, bir ara Timur\u2019un 15 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, bat\u0131ya, ta Ege\u2019ye, \u0130zmir \u2018e ve Bursa\u2019ya kadar uzanan istilas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, onun Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 Birinci Bayezid\u2019i yenip esir almas\u0131, onun esarette \u00f6lmesi, Osmanl\u0131 merkezinde fetret d\u00f6neminin, iktidar kavgalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla sekteye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her biri bir bi\u00e7imde Osmanl\u0131ya ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan beyliklerin hanedan ba\u015flar\u0131, bu d\u00f6nemde Timur\u2019un deste\u011fini alarak tekrar eski topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde beyliklerini kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1405 Ankara sava\u015f\u0131yla ba\u015flayan beyliklerin yeniden canlanma d\u00f6nemi, Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethetmesine kadar uzam\u0131\u015f, ancak \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n Anadoludaki egemenli\u011fini tam peki\u015ftirmi\u015f, modern tan\u0131m \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n devlet olu\u015fumu tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 bir beylik de\u011fil, b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet, ba\u015flar\u0131 da bey ya da emir de\u011fil, padi\u015fah ve sultand\u0131rlar. Osmanl\u0131 devletini imparatorluk yapan ise, K\u00fcrtlerin kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Meml\u00fck devletine son veren Suriye, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Arabistan seferleridir.<\/p>\n *****<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte Amasya beyli\u011fi, Mo\u011fol-\u0130lhanl\u0131 devletinin y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girdi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, merkezi otoritenin bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, yetkilerin Anadolu\u2019nun genel valilerine, y\u00f6renin farkl\u0131 emir, pa\u015fa, bey ve komutanlar\u0131na verilmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131yla K\u00fcrtler\u2019e devredilen bir emaret olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fta, Amasya, \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki vasallar\u0131 Eretna Devleti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Amasya K\u00fcrt Beyli\u011fi\u2019ni kuran hanedan\u0131n ileri gelenleri, Eretna devletinin Amasya, Kayseri, Sivas, Tokat, \u015earki Karahisar gibi \u015fehirlerinin emirleri olarak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p g\u00fc\u00e7lendi, Eretna Devleti\u2019nde, iktidar kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n Eretnao\u011fullar\u0131ndan Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin Ahmed\u2019e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, ayr\u0131l\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00e7ok Karamanl\u0131lara, Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin Ahmed emirli\u011fine, daha az \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de akrabalar\u0131 olan K\u00fcrt Candaro\u011fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Amasya Emirli\u011fi, do\u011fudan gelen Timur istilas\u0131, Memluk bas\u0131nc\u0131, en \u00e7ok da Kad\u0131 Burhanedin ile Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, iste\u011fiyle Osmanl\u0131 devletine kat\u0131lmay\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Ba\u015fta Amasya \u015fehri olmak \u00fczere ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir ve kasabalar\u0131 anla\u015fmayla Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Bir d\u00f6nem Osmanl\u0131 devleti i\u00e7inde de emirliklerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc bu K\u00fcrt hanedan\u0131. Ancak daha sonra bildi\u011fimiz gibi Amasya Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u015fehzadelerin emirlik ya da valilik yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir sancak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n AMASYA K\u00dcRT EM\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130\u2019N\u0130N DO\u011eU\u015eU<\/p>\n Beyleri Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd Bey (\u00f6. 1343) olan konumuza ili\u015fkin K\u00fcrtler, Amasya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney bat\u0131s\u0131nda otururlard\u0131.\u00a0Amasya Tarihi<\/em>\u00a0yazar\u0131 H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin Abdizade\u2019ye[6]<\/a>\u00a0g\u00f6re karde\u015fi Sevincer de tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f biriydi ve bunlar Bo\u015fak\u00ee K\u00fcrtleri olarak bilinirlerdi. Yazar, Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019in Kay\u0131 (Qayi)\u2019n\u0131n, onun da Bo\u015fak\u00ee\u2019nin o\u011flu oldu\u011funu yazar, hatta bu nedenle aileyi O\u011fuzlar\u0131n Kay\u0131 boyuna ba\u011flar. Ancak bilindi\u011fi gibi ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin orta ve bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da ad\u0131 Kay\u0131 olan pek \u00e7ok k\u00f6y var ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda T\u00fcrkmen K\u00fcrt kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda sadece Alevi K\u00fcrtler ya\u015farlar.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n Baba Kay\u0131 Bey, Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 \u0130kinci Mes\u00fbd\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerler 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda bile K\u00fcrtler \u00c7iftli\u011fi, Kay\u0131 K\u00fcrtler, Kay\u0131, Sevincer diye tan\u0131nan k\u00f6ylerdir.[8]<\/a>\u00a0 Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla sadece K\u00fcrt Bey\u2019in babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131yla Kay\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fc yok, amcas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131yla Sevincer k\u00f6y\u00fc de var.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tarihi kaynaklardan hen\u00fcz K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019in esas ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenemedi\u011fimiz s\u00f6ylenebilir. Emir oldu\u011fu, bir hanedan soyundan geldi\u011fi bilgileri var. \u2019\u2019Bahaeddin\u2019\u2019 de \u2019K\u00fcrd\u2019\u2019 de onun muhtemelen ger\u00e7ek adlar\u0131 de\u011fil, \u00fcnvanlar\u0131\/lakaplar\u0131d\u0131r. Tarihte kahramanl\u0131klar, ba\u015far\u0131lar g\u00f6sterip kendi kavimlerine ait adlar ya da \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6v\u00fcc\u00fc lakaplar alan y\u00f6neticilere her devirde, her millette ve her d\u00fczeyde \u00e7ok\u00e7a rastlan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Selaahaddin Eyy\u00fcbi\u2019nin ad\u0131ndaki hem \u2019\u2019Selahaddin\u2019\u2019 hem \u2019\u2019Eyy\u00fcbi\u2019\u2019onun \u00fcnvanlar\u0131d\u0131rlar. \u2019\u2019Selahaddin\u2019\u2019, \u2019\u2019dine ba\u011fl\u0131, sad\u0131k\u2019\u2019 anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r,\u2019\u2019Eyyubi\u2019\u2019 de babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 \u2019\u2019Eyy\u00fcp\u2019\u2019ten ve bu ad\u0131n kurulan devlete verilmesinden gelir. Selahaddin\u2019in do\u011fu\u015ftan verilen esas ad\u0131 \u2019\u2019Yusuf\u2019\u2019tur. Bunun gibi de\u011fi\u015fik sultan ve padi\u015fahlara verilen \u2019\u2019Alaeddin, Kutbeddin, Seyfeddin, M\u00fcbarezzeddin, G\u0131yaseddin, \u015eemseddin, \u015eerefeddin, Bahauddin, K\u00fcrd\u00ee, Turkman\u00ee, Faris\u00ee, Arab\u00ee, Acem\u00ee, \u0130sfahan\u00ee, Ba\u011fdad\u00ee, M\u0131sr\u00ee\u2019\u2019 vb adlar hep lakapt\u0131r ve bazan bunlar birbirine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n hatta ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fayan y\u00f6neticilere verildi\u011fi i\u00e7in isimler birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmekte, b\u00fcy\u00fck yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7abilmektedir.<\/p>\n Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019de de ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131 bilmedi\u011fimiz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim. Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6rede \u015eikar\u00ee de\u00a0Karamanname<\/em>\u2019sinde\u00a0\u2019Hac\u0131 Bahaeddini<\/em>\u00a0Kurdi\u2019 diye ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Sivas\u2019ta emirlik yapm\u0131\u015f bir K\u00fcrt beyinden bahsetmektedir. Muhtemelen ilk d\u00f6nemlerdeki ya\u015famlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bu iki beye ait bilgiler birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama daha sonraki anlat\u0131mlardan ve geli\u015fmeleren bu iki beyin kesinlikle ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fayan iki ayr\u0131 \u015fahsiyet olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd Bey 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, Amasya emiri olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f, Mo\u011fol\/\u00celhani d\u00f6neminde y\u00fckselmi\u015f, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ba\u015f\u0131nda bir Mo\u011fol beyli\u011fi olan, sonra onlar\u0131n i\u00e7 \u00e7eki\u015fmeler, zay\u0131flamalar sonucunda \u00e7ekilmeleri nedeniyle ba\u015fka beylikler gibi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden Eretna devletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde Eretna Bey\u2019e idari g\u00f6revler yapm\u0131\u015f, Amasya emiri olmu\u015f, Eretna devletinin de zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015f\u00a0Amasya K\u00fcrt Emirli\u011fi<\/em>,\u00a0Kutlu \u015eeh Beyli\u011fi<\/em>\u00a0ya da\u00a0\u015eadgeldi Emareti<\/em>\u00a0gibi adlarla an\u0131lan emirli\u011fin ilk emiri olmu\u015ftur. O\u011fullar\u0131 Hace Ali ve Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah \u0130bn K\u00fcrd olduk\u00e7a tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar ve Eretna beylerinin Sivas ile Kayseri valiliklerini, vezirliklerini yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130bni K\u00fcrd Kutlu \u015eah, K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019in ard\u0131ndan Amasya Emiri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019nin bahsetti\u011fi\u00a0Hac\u0131 Bahadin-i Kurdi<\/em>\u00a0ise Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00f6neminde Sivas\u2019\u0131n emirli\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015f, Karamano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve bu y\u00f6releri kaybetmi\u015ftir. Ancak daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde, onu Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n Ege\u2019de (bug\u00fcnku Mu\u011fla ve Ayd\u0131n y\u00f6relerinde) Emir Sevahili (Sahil Beyi) olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu d\u00f6nemde art\u0131k genellikle Karamano\u011fullar\u0131yla iyi ge\u00e7inme ya da ittifak siyasetleri izlemi\u015f, zaman zaman da kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmi\u015f, sonunda Cimri olay\u0131nda Karamanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnce yerine o\u011flu Mente\u015fa Bey ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Mente\u015fa Bey de Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrklerin Mente\u015fe Beyli\u011fi dedi\u011fi Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Mente\u015fa Devleti\u2019ni kurmu\u015ftur. Mente\u015fa Devleti bir K\u00fcrt beyli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n Genellikle b\u00fct\u00fcn kaynaklarda\u00a0Emir Sevahil Hac\u0131 Bahaeddin-i K\u00fcrdi<\/em>\u00a0olarak bilinen bu beyin ad\u0131 \u0130bni Bibi\u2019nin Sel\u00e7ukname\u2019sinde,\u00a0Emir Sevahil (Sahil Beyi) Baha\u00fcddin Muhamed<\/em>\u00a0olarak ge\u00e7er ve buradan Mente\u015fa Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin kurucusu Mente\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n emir sevahil olan babas\u0131n\u0131n esas ad\u0131n\u0131n Muhammed oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Amasya emiri\u00a0Em\u00eer Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd Bey<\/em>\u00a0ile\u00a0Hac\u0131 Bahaeddin [Muhammed] Kurdi<\/em>\u00a0iki ayr\u0131 \u015fahsiyettir, ger\u00e7ek adlar\u0131 ile de\u011fil ayni olan lakaplar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r, ilk d\u00f6nemleri baz\u0131 kaynaklarda birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da bunlar ayr\u0131 emirlerdir.<\/p>\n Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd Bey, Mo\u011follar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019yu istila etmeleriyle beraber giderek zay\u0131flayan, 1243 K\u00f6se Da\u011f\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131 yenilgisiyle ad\u0131m ad\u0131m Mo\u011fol vesayeti alt\u0131na giren, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da tarihe kar\u0131\u015fan Rum Sel\u00e7uklu devletinin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Mo\u011follar\u0131n egemenlik alan\u0131nda olan Amasya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Mo\u011fol Beyi Ertena Bey zaman\u0131nda emirlik elde etti. Eretna Devleti Sel\u00e7uklular Mo\u011fol sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda zay\u0131flay\u0131p da\u011f\u0131l\u0131rken orta ve bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da geni\u015fleyen, y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 parlayan Mo\u011fol\/\u0130lhaniler\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 bir devletti. Sivas, Kayseri, Amasya, Tokat ve Erzincan y\u00f6relerini a\u015fan bir geni\u015f alan \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrd Bey, Mo\u011fol\/\u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n son sultan\u0131 Ebu Said Bahad\u0131r Han\u2019\u0131n bey ve el\u00e7ilerinden Amasya\u2019l\u0131 Sunkuro\u011flu \u015eehabeddin Ahmed Bey sayesinde emaret elde ederek Sultan Ebu Said\u2019in g\u00f6zdesi olmu\u015ftu. K\u00fcrd Bey, Rum Sel\u00e7uklu devletinin son sultanlar\u0131ndan \u0130kinci Mesut\u2019un o\u011flu Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131yla evliydi, onun biricik koruyucusu ve defalarca kendisini yeniden tahta \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p Rum Sel\u00e7uklu sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n kaybolan iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden geri getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan biriydi.<\/p>\n Birinci Eretna Bey sa\u011f iken o da ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7lar etraf\u0131nda K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019le i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu, ancak \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle yerine ge\u00e7en o\u011fullar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131 Eretna Devleti\u2019ni iyi idare edemeyip, e\u011flence ve zevke bat\u0131nca devletleri zay\u0131flad\u0131, s\u00f6zkonusu planlar da terkedildi. Eretna Beyli\u011fi ile Amasya Emirli\u011fi kopu\u015f s\u00fcreci ya\u015fad\u0131. Vezir Kad\u0131 Burhanedddin Ahmed iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irince de devam\u0131 olan Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin devleti Amasya Devleti\u2019ne b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fman oldu. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma ve \u00e7eki\u015fmeler ikisinin de son bulmas\u0131na dek s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019in o\u011fullar\u0131\u00a0Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah<\/em>,\u00a0Do\u011fan \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0ve\u00a0Bedreddin Gazan\/Kazan \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0olduk\u00e7a tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunlar Sel\u00e7uklu \u0130kinci Mesut\u2019un o\u011flu Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131ndan do\u011fmu\u015flard\u0131.[9]<\/a>\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0Hoca Ali \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0ile\u00a0Hayreddin Halil Bey<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 iki o\u011flu daha vard\u0131. Muhtemelen ba\u015fka evliliklerden do\u011fmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin, Hace Ali \u015eah ile Hayreddin Halil Bey\u2019in karde\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir, ama bunlar\u0131n K\u00fcrt Bey\u2019in o\u011fullar\u0131 olduklar\u0131na de\u011finmez, yak\u0131n akraba olarak i\u015faret eder. Bezm u Rezm\u2019de bunlar aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ve kan ba\u011flar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fil. \u015eikar\u00ee, \u00f6nce Eretna Bey\u2019in, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ard\u0131ndan gelen o\u011fullar\u0131 Mehmet Bey (Sivas emiri) ile Cafer Bey (Kayseri emiri)\u2019in y\u00f6netiminde vezirlik yapt\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemleri anlat\u0131rken, birini hep Hace Ali, di\u011ferini \u0130bn K\u00fcrd olarak vermekte ve karde\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yazmaktad\u0131r.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n Konya\u2019n\u0131n fethedilmesinde a\u00e7\u0131k ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi halde \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019den \u0130bn K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn asl\u0131nda Hac\u0131 Kutlu\u015fah \u0130bn K\u00fcrd oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Ancak H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin, Amasya Tarihi\u2019nde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a\u00a0Hac\u0131 Nureddin Kutlu\u015fah ibn K\u00fcrd<\/em>ad\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. Her ne kadar H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin ilk ba\u015fta Kutlu \u015eah ve babas\u0131 Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn ne Mo\u011fol ne de K\u00fcrt, T\u00fcrkmen olduklar\u0131n\u0131 idia etmekteyse de, daha sonra olaylar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde verdi\u011fi bilgilerle bu hanedan\u0131n K\u00fcrt oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serilmektedir.<\/p>\n Mo\u011fol (\u0130lhanl\u0131) devletinin egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131ndaki \u015fehirlerden olan Amasya emiri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd, baz\u0131 Arap tarih\u00e7ilerince Mo\u011fol beyi olarak verilir. Bu sadece onun d\u00f6nemin Mo\u011fol\/\u0130lhanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki bir \u015fehrine emir olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Daha sonra, tarihleri geni\u015f\u00e7e ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi, Emir Bahaeddin aslen K\u00fcrd oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu ad\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kald\u0131 ki onun emirli\u011fi, o\u011fullar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde giderek geni\u015fledi, g\u00fc\u00e7lendi, ard\u0131ndan Mo\u011follar\u0131n da zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla, torunu\u00a0Hac\u0131 M\u00eer\u00ee<\/em>\u00a0(Emir \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa\/Padi\u015fah diye yazan kitabeler var) taraf\u0131ndan Amasya\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan edildi. Bundan sonra emirlik\u00a0K\u00fcrdo\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi<\/em>\u00a0olarak an\u0131ld\u0131. Emirlikten \u00f6nce Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd Bey, ailesi ve a\u015firetiyle Amasya \u015fehrinin g\u00fcney bat\u0131s\u0131nda oturuyordu. Onlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6reler, K\u00fcrtler \u00c7iftli\u011fi, K\u00fcrtler mahallesi, daha sonra geni\u015flemeyle K\u00fcrtler K\u00f6y\u00fc olarak an\u0131ld\u0131. Elbette ailenin ba\u015fka adlarla k\u00f6yleri de vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda kendi yurtlar\u0131nda ya da farkl\u0131 y\u00f6relerde, kendi hanedan ve soylar\u0131yla y\u00f6neticilik yap\u0131p, sadece \u00fcstlerindeki krall\u0131k, sultanl\u0131k, halifelik ya da imparatorluklar nedeniyle, hatta onlar da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra topraklar\u0131na onlar\u0131n verdi\u011fi fermanlarla miras olarak y\u00f6nettikleri i\u00e7in kendi adlar\u0131 yerine onlar\u0131n adlar\u0131yla an\u0131lma, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nem ve yerlerinde s\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. Eyy\u00fcbi sultanlar\u0131 K\u00fcrt olduklar\u0131 halde, iktidar co\u011frafyalar\u0131 Ha\u015fimi, Emevi, Abbasi ve Fatimi halifelerinin alanlar\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan, adlar\u0131 ve idareleri baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler[11]<\/a>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan Arap sultanlar\u0131, maiyetlerine Araplar, ordular\u0131na Arap ordular\u0131, ya da Arap topraklar\u0131 denmi\u015ftir. Hem Arap hem de K\u00fcrt olarak benimseyip adland\u0131ranlar da var.<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular da \u0130ran Acem topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde egemenlik kurduklar\u0131ndan, Acem\/\u0130ran Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, Kutalm\u0131\u015f soyundan gelen bat\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde egemen hale gelip devlet olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Osmanl\u0131 sultanlar\u0131 da Rum sultanlar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu ad\u0131 bizzat Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 hanedanlar\u0131 benimsemi\u015fler, zaten \u00e7ok\u00e7a Roma kral ve prensleri ya da vasallar\u0131yla evlilikten gelen yak\u0131n akraba ili\u015fkilerine sahiplerdi. Rum Sel\u00e7uklu sultanlar\u0131na, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin do\u011fu\u015fundan sonra, \u00f6zellikle de Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 dendi. Devletin sahipleri kendilerini hi\u00e7 b\u00f6yle adland\u0131rmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Emir K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019e d\u00f6nersek, \u2019K\u00fcrd\u2019 kelimesi Emir Bahaeddin\u2019in ad\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn hanedanl\u0131k ailesi, a\u015firet ve taraftarlar\u0131na K\u00fcrtl\u00fck s\u0131fat\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan Amasya emiri olan o\u011flu Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah \u0130bn K\u00fcrd (K\u00fcrdo\u011flu), K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019in o\u011flu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu s\u0131fatla adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd Bey, bir ara Amasya emirli\u011fini yitirince, Eretna Bey taraf\u0131ndan Kayseri emirli\u011fine tayin edildi, ailesi, akrabalar\u0131 ve maiyetiyle gidip bir d\u00f6nem Kayseri emirli\u011fi yapt\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 Kayseri\u2019de bir mahalle olu\u015fturdular ki ge\u00e7en y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar da bu mahalle, K\u00fcrtler Mahalesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn eski tarihi kaynaklarda \u0130bn K\u00fcrd olarak ge\u00e7en Hac\u0131 Nureddin Kutlu \u015eah \u0130bn K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fc \u015e\u0131kari, Karamanname adl\u0131 eserinde Konyay\u0131 fethetme olay\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken bir kez\u00a0Mo\u011fol Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah<\/em>, ba\u015fkaca da hep\u00a0K\u00fcrt Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0olarak verir.<\/p>\n Daha \u00f6nce vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd, Sel\u00e7uklu \u015fehzadesi Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131n damad\u0131 ve yeg\u00e2ne koruyucusu idi. 1319 (719) y\u0131l\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uk \u015fehzadeleri katledildi\u011finde, Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131 \u00e7iftli\u011finde gizleyerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmekten kurtaran K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019di. K\u00fcrd Bey, gayet tedbirli, cesur bir insand\u0131. Sultan Eretna\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6zdesi, Amasyal\u0131lar\u0131n sevdi\u011fi biriydi.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130lhanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 Ebu Said Bahad\u0131r Han taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm Anadolu valili\u011fine getirilen Emir Timurta\u015f (Demirta\u015f, Temirta\u015f, Timurta\u015f Noyan, babas\u0131 Emir \u00c7oban Noyan da \u0130hanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu valisiydi) daha sonra meydana gelen olaylar sonucunda Sivas\u2019dan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ka\u00e7\u0131nca ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan Sultan Altunba\u015f, Ta\u015fan Bey\u2019in idaresinde bulunan Simre \u00c7iftli\u011fi\u2019nde m\u00fcnzeviyane bir hayat ya\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Amasya beylerini Yakub \u015eah aleyhine \u00e7evirme\u011fe ve onu tasfiye etme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Birinci Eretna Bey, Simre \u00e7iftli\u011finde kendi halinde oturan \u0130kinci Mesud\u2019un o\u011flu Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok tutuyordu. Bu y\u00fczden Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131 Amasya taht\u0131na getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan K\u00fcrd Bey ile Ta\u015fan Bey\u2019i koruyup cesaretlendirmekten geri kalm\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Emir S\u00fcleyman Bey, babas\u0131 Yakup \u015eah\u2019\u0131n emaretini kabul eden beylerin g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayanarak Amasya vilayetini babas\u0131 nam\u0131na idare idiyordu. K\u00fcrd Bey ile Ta\u015fan Bey Sivas\u2019tan gelip Amasya dolaylar\u0131ndaki beylerle ittifak ederek Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131 tahta \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in anla\u015fma yapt\u0131lar. Pervane Bey o\u011flu Emir \u0130lmeddin S\u00fcleyman Bey, olanca kuvveti ile bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 destekliyordu.<\/p>\n Sultan Altunba\u015f, Amasya\u2019da 1337 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131nda (737 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda) ikinci defa Sel\u00e7uklu taht\u0131na oturdu. Resmen Sel\u00e7uklu padi\u015fah\u0131 olarak Emir Celaleddin Ta\u015fan Bey atabegi; Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd Bey beylerbeyi, Pervane Bey o\u011flu Alaeddin S\u00fcleyman Bey vezir, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fczade Celaleddin Abdullah \u00c7elebi de m\u00fcstevf\u00ee (defterdar) oldular.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019i destekleyen Amasya beyleri i\u00e7inde Sunkuro\u011fullar\u0131 el-Hac Kemaleddin \u0130smail ve \u015e\u00fccaeddin S\u00fcleyman Beylerle sayg\u0131n beylerden G\u00fcl Beyo\u011flu \u0130zzeddin Mehmed Bey vard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla K\u00fcrd Bey ve Ta\u015fan Bey, Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131 \u00e7iftli\u011finden al\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00f6renle Amasya\u2019ya getirdiler, tahta \u00e7\u0131kararak bitmi\u015f Sel\u00e7uklu saltanat\u0131n\u0131 diriltmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Lakin Sultan Altunba\u015f yirmi iki y\u0131ldan beri k\u00e2h Ta\u015fan Bey\u2019in, k\u00e2h K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019in \u00e7iftliklerinde, ard\u0131ndan Sultan Ebu Said Bahad\u0131r Han taraf\u0131ndan kendisine m\u00fclk olarak verilen Simre \u00c7iftli\u011fi\u2019nde inzivaya \u00e7ekilmi\u015f bir hayat ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Olduk\u00e7a ihtiyarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan zihinsel ve bedensel faaliyetleri nerdeyse durmu\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flerini Ta\u015fan ve K\u00fcrd Beylerin ellerine vermi\u015fti. Saltanat\u0131 kuru bir \u00fcnvandan ibaretti. Kendisine\u00a0Gazi \u00c7elebi\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0\u015eah Melik \u00c7elebi\u00a0<\/em>de denirdi.<\/p>\n K\u0131sacas\u0131 Amasya vilayetinde emirlik n\u00fcfuzu Ta\u015fan ve K\u00fcrd Beylere devrolarak \u015fehir bu tarihten itibaren Sivas emiri Eretna Bey\u2019in n\u00fcfuzu alt\u0131na girdi. \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n emiri Timurta\u015fo\u011flu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015eeyh Hasan Bey\u2019in (\u015eeyh Hasan-\u0131 Sa\u011fir\u2019in) etkisinden ve Hac\u0131 Yakub \u015eah\u2019\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Emir Timurta\u015fo\u011flu \u015eeyh Hasan Bey\u2019le Yakub \u015eah Amasya vilayetinde etkilerinin yok olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok etkilenmi\u015flerdi. Fakat Irak emiri B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015eeyh Hasan Bey(\u015eeyh Hasan-\u0131 Kebir)\u2019le pek me\u015fgul olduklar\u0131ndan, Erzincan ve Karahisar-\u0131 \u015eark\u00ee beylerini, \u00f6zellikle de Niksar emiri Taceddin Do\u011fan \u015eah\u2019\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak Eretna Bey\u2019le Amasya beylerbeyi K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019i tehdit ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131n emirleri say\u0131lan Amasya beyleri de bu s\u0131rada aralar\u0131na giren ayr\u0131l\u0131k ve k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k nedeniyle birbirine girmi\u015flerdi. Halfet Gazi ve G\u00fcl Beyo\u011fullar\u0131 K\u00fcrd Bey ile Ta\u015fan Bey\u2019in etkilerini bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc hazmedemiyorlard\u0131. Sultan Altunba\u015f bunlar\u0131 iyi idare edecek yetenekte de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r Memluklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ya\u011fmac\u0131lar nedeniyle, ayr\u0131ca Amasya beyleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi d\u00f6neminde Niksar emiri Do\u011fan \u015eah, hem kendi hem de Emir Timurta\u015fo\u011flu \u015eeyh Hasan Bey\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7lerle Niksar\u2019dan kalk\u0131p Amasya \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Ta\u015fova \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda K\u00fcrd Bey ile Ta\u015fan Bey\u2019i yenerek 1340 ortalar\u0131nda (741 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda) Amasya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n Do\u011fan \u015eah, Emir Timurta\u015fo\u011flu \u015eeyh Hasan Bey\u2019in itibar\u0131n\u0131 iade ederek, K\u00fcrd Bey, Ta\u015fan Bey ve Gazi \u00c7elebi (Altunba\u015f) taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131p gizlenmekle kar\u015f\u0131kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakt\u0131. Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131 geldi\u011fi Simre \u00e7iftli\u011fine g\u00f6nderdi. Kendisi de Amasya taht\u0131nda oturdu.<\/p>\n Sivas emiri Eretna Bey, bu duruma kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde, g\u00f6z yumma\u011fa mecbur oldu. Amasya\u2019dan kendisine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlara de\u011fer verdi, onlar\u0131 korudu. Bunlardan K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019e Kayseri\u00a0e<\/strong>maretini verdi. Kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 olan Samgar ve Tac K\u0131z\u0131lo\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 kovdu.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019in dostu olan Babazade (Baba \u0130lyas soyundan olan) Kutlu Bey\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Alaeddin Ali \u015eah, Eretna Bey\u2019in yan\u0131nda sayg\u0131n bir yere sahipti. K\u00fcrt Bey de Ebu Said Bahad\u0131r Han emirlerinden cesur, tedbiri elden b\u0131rakmayan etkin biriydi. Bu d\u00f6nemde Kayseri\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fcyen K\u00fcrtler Mahallesi, Emir Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n, idarecilerilerinin ve akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n ikamet ettikleri bir yerdi.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n E\u011frib\u00fck Muharebesi<\/strong><\/p>\n 1341 (742) tarihinde Amasya Eretna Bey taraftar\u0131 Habilo\u011fullar\u0131ndan Zeynedin Tuli Bey taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irildi. Emir Timurta\u015fo\u011flu \u015eeyh Hasan Bey, Amasya vilayetinin kaybedilmesine olduk\u00e7a \u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, Eretna Bey\u2019le sava\u015fmaya karar vermi\u015fti. Ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck rakibi, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olan Irak valisi \u015eeyh Hasan-\u0131 Keb\u00eer\u2019in ve Cihan Timur Han\u2019\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan endi\u015felendi\u011finden karde\u015fi Melik E\u015fref Han, Cihan Timur Han \u00fczerine, sonra d\u00fczenledi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir orduyu da seraskeri Hac\u0131 Yakub \u015eah ile S\u00fcleyman Han\u2019a katarak Eretna Han \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderdi. Eretna Han da b\u00fct\u00fcn kuvvetiyle gelenleri kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Yakub \u015eah ve S\u00fcleyman Han ile Eretna Han ordular\u0131 Sivas ile Erzincan aras\u0131ndaki\u00a0E\u011frib\u00fck\u00a0<\/em>denen ovada kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldiler. Kanl\u0131 bir sava\u015f oldu. Eretna Han ve Amasya beyleri 11 Kas\u0131m 1343 Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc (eski tarihler 744 y\u0131l\u0131 c\u00fcmadelahirinin on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fcnde diyorlar ama bu tarih Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fcne rastl\u0131yor) S\u00fcleyman Han\u2019\u0131 ve Mo\u011follar\u0131 yendiler, kesin bir zafer elde ederek Mo\u011fol etkisini Anadolu\u2019dan silip s\u00fcp\u00fcrd\u00fcler.\u2019\u2019[15]<\/a><\/p>\n M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u00a0Cam\u00ee\u2019\u00fc\u2019d-D\u00fcvel<\/strong>\u2019de:\u00a0\u201cEmir Timurta\u015fo\u011flu \u015eeyh Hasan-\u0131 Sagir\u2019in, ordusunun bozulmas\u0131na olduk\u00e7a can\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcsahele ve m\u00fcma\u015fat etti\u011fine kanaat getirdi\u011fi Hac\u0131 Yakub \u015eah\u2019\u0131 744 y\u0131l\u0131nda (1343) sava\u015ftan d\u00f6n\u00fcnce idam ettirdi. Hac\u0131 Yakub \u015eah\u2019\u0131n tutkunlar\u0131ndan olan zevcesi \u0130zzet Melek Hatun da \u015eeyh Hasan Sagir\u2019i serho\u015f bir halde yatarken ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n recebinin yirmi yedinci sal\u0131 gecesi (12 Aral\u0131k 1343 Pazartesi gecesi) cariyelerine bo\u011fdurdu.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>diyor.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n KUTLU \u015eAH \u0130BN K\u00dcRD<\/p>\n E\u011frib\u00fck Ovas\u0131<\/em>\u00a0sava\u015f\u0131nda zafer kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ama Kayseri Emiri Bahaeddin K\u00fcrd \u00f6ld\u00fcrlm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc (1343). Yerine o\u011flu\u00a0El-Hac Nureddin Kutlu \u015eah \u0130bni K\u00fcrd<\/em>ge\u00e7ti. Kutlu \u015eah, bu sava\u015fta b\u00fcy\u00fck yararl\u0131klar g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Amasya emiri Zeyneddin Tuli Bey de zafere yol a\u00e7anlardan olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Nureddin Kutlu \u015eah<\/em>,\u00a0<\/strong>daha sonra Zeyneddin Tuli Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine Kayseri emaretinden gelip Amasya emiri oldu. M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131, onu\u00a0el-Hac Kutlu \u015eah Bin K\u00fcrd<\/em>\u00a0ve\u00a0Kutlu \u015eah el-K\u00fcrd\u00ee\u00a0<\/em>diye tan\u0131t\u0131r, soy olarak K\u00fcrt ya da Mo\u011fol oldu\u011funu yazar.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 olan tarih\u00e7i Selahaddin es-Safed\u00ee\u00a0A\u2019yan\u00fc\u2019l-Asr<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 eserinde, Mo\u011fol \u00fcmeras\u0131ndan Nureddin Kutlu \u015eah el-Va\u015fak\u00ee (Bo\u015fak\u00ee\/Bo\u015faq\u00ee?) der.<\/p>\n Kendisine \u015eikar\u00ee de\u00a0Karamanname<\/em>\u2019de, hep K\u00fcrt Kutlu \u015eah ya da \u0130bn K\u00fcrd dedi\u011fi halde bir yerde Mo\u011fol Kutlu \u015eah der.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu s\u0131fatland\u0131rma, onun Mo\u011fol olmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, Rum Sel\u00e7uklu \u015fehirlerinin bir d\u00f6nemde Mo\u011fol idaresine ya da etkinlik alan\u0131na girmesinden dolay\u0131d\u0131r. Sel\u00e7uklulara ba\u011fl\u0131 olan emirlerin, onlar\u0131n Anadolu ve Rumdaki \u015fehirlerinin 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Mo\u011fol-\u0130lhanl\u0131larca fethedilip y\u00f6netilmesi, 14. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar bu egemenli\u011fin Amasya, Tokat, Kayseri ve Sivas y\u00f6relerinde varl\u0131k s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi nedeniyle kendilerine, K\u00fcrt, T\u00fcrkmen, Mo\u011fol ya da ba\u015fka bir kavimden de olsalar Mo\u011fol emirleri dendi.<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131s\u0131m beylikler (bir ihtimal Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi de) \u00f6nce Mo\u011fol egemenli\u011fini tan\u0131d\u0131lar, onlar ad\u0131na hutbe okutup para bast\u0131lar. Ancak Mo\u011follar zay\u0131flay\u0131p \u00e7ekildikten sonra tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan ettiler.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n hangi tarihte Amasya emiri oldu\u011fu bilinmemektedir. Ondan \u00f6nceki Amasya Emiri Zeyneddin Tuli\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi de beli de\u011fil.<\/p>\n KUTLU \u015eAH\u2019IN AMASYA EM\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130 D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu emirin ad\u0131,\u00a0Kuyud-\u0131 at\u00eeka ve Amasya Sicilat\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda baz\u0131 camilerin ad\u0131 verilirken\u00a0Mescid-i \u015eer\u00eef Muslihiddin Kutlu<\/em>\u00a0ya da\u00a0Cami\u2019i \u015eer\u00eef el-Hac Nureddin Kutlu \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0diye yaz\u0131lmaktadr. 20 y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda viran bir halde duran bu caminin 1355 (748) y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinirdi.<\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin\u2019e g\u00f6re, bundan, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n 1346 (747) y\u0131l\u0131nda Amasya emiri olmu\u015f olabilece\u011fi tahmini yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n zaman\u0131nda, Amasya\u2019n\u0131n kad\u0131lar kad\u0131s\u0131 Mevlana Nureddin Osman bin Yakub ez-Ziyar\u00ee, defterdar\u0131 Babazadelerden (Baba \u0130lyas s\u00fclalesinden) Hace Fahreddin Mehmed bin Abdullah el-Cevher\u00ee idi. Hace Fahreddin Mehmed \u00c7elebi, Eretna Han\u2019\u0131n veziri olan Kutlu Bey o\u011flu Hace Alaeddin Ali \u015eah\u2019\u0131n amcas\u0131 o\u011fluydu. Sab\u0131k Amasya kad\u0131lar kad\u0131s\u0131 \u0130madeddin \u00d6mer bin el-Halat\u00ee(Xelat\u00ee) de Eretna Han\u2019\u0131n kazaskeri olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n zaman\u0131nda Kastamonu emiri \u0130brahim Bey\u2019in 1347(748)\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle yerini S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fazade Adil Bey tuttu. Ankara\u2019n\u0131n beyi, Devlet \u015eah o\u011flu Melik Nasreddin Bahtiyar Bey\u2019di. Konya h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Karamano\u011flu Hayreddin Halil Bey bin Mahmud idi. Larende (Karaman) \u015fehrinde oturmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Elbistan\u2019\u0131n emiri, Dulkadiro\u011flu Zeyneddin Karaca Bey bin Ali Bey\u2019di. Elbistan\u2019da otururdu. M\u0131s\u0131r Meml\u00fcklerine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Divri\u011fi beyi \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131o\u011flu Mehmed Bey, bazen Eretna Han\u2019a, bazen de Karaca Bey\u2019e a\u011filimli olarak y\u00f6netirdi. O\u011flu \u0130brahim Bey\u2019di.<\/p>\n Ancak Eretnao\u011fullar\u0131yla Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda evlilikten gelen akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131 oldu\u011fundan birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131l\u0131 davran\u0131rlard\u0131. Karamano\u011flu Halil Bey bin Mahmud\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 1350 (751) y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu \u015e\u00fccaeddin S\u00fcleyman Bey Konya y\u00f6resine h\u00fck\u00fcmdar oldu. Kendisi Larende (Karaman) \u015fehrinde kald\u0131, karde\u015fi Davud Bey\u2019i Konya\u2019ya vali g\u00f6nderdi.[20]<\/a>Bilindi\u011fi gibi Rum Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131ndan sonra, ba\u015fkentleri Konya Karamano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti, ondan sonra bu beyli\u011fin iki ba\u015fkenti oldu; Larende (Karaman) ve Konya.<\/p>\n Amasya, Tokat, Canik, \u00c7orum, Sivas, Kayseri ve Erzincan vilayetleri \u00e7evresiyle beraber Eretna Han\u2019\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc ve etkisi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n Eretna\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle devlet k\u00f6t\u00fc bir gelece\u011fe y\u00f6neldi. Eretna\u2019n\u0131n iki o\u011flu vard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cafer Bey, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mehmed Bey\u2019di. Mehmed Bey, pek gen\u00e7 olmakla beraber gayet g\u00fczeldi. Cazibesi, h\u00fcsn \u00fc cemali, her g\u00f6reni b\u00fcy\u00fclerdi. Vezir Hace Ali \u015eah, Mehmed Bey\u2019i kay\u0131r\u0131yor, kendisini Eretna Han\u2019\u0131n taht\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak istiyordu.<\/p>\n \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019de ve Esterabadi\u2019nin Bezm Rezm\u2019inde Mehmet Bey\u2019in g\u00fczellik ve \u00e7ekicili\u011finden bahsedilir, onun hem gen\u00e7ken, hem de tahtta oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde ilgisi daha \u00e7ok a\u015fk ve e\u011flence d\u00fczenlemelerinde idi. Kad\u0131n han\u0131m, sevgili ve cariyelerinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra erkek sevgilileri de vard\u0131. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131na duydu\u011fu a\u015fk, onlardan ayr\u0131 durdu\u011fu zamanlarda onu hasta bile edebiliyor ya da devleti idare etme siyasetini etkiliyordu.[22]<\/a><\/p>\n \u015eikar\u00ee de Eretnao\u011flu Mehmet Bey ile Karamano\u011flu Alaeddin Bey\u2019in \u00e7ocukluktan beri birbirlerine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n arkada\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131, Konya\u2019da beraber okuyup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcklerini, birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131nca hasta d\u00fc\u015fecek derecede \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fcklerini, bunlar\u0131n ikisinin birbirlerinin ba\u015fkentlerini s\u0131k s\u0131k ziyaret ederek bazen aylarca berabar ya\u015fay\u0131p e\u011flendiklerini belirtir. \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re Alaeddin\u2019in karde\u015fi Karamano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah ve di\u011fer Karaman beyleri onun bu ili\u015fkilerinden son derece rahats\u0131z idiler. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Bezm u Rezm\u2019de Alaeddin\u2019in ad\u0131 bu duygusal ili\u015fkiler alan\u0131nda verilmezken Mehmet Bey\u2019e ilgi duyan\u0131n S\u00fcleyman \u015eah oldu\u011fu belirtilir.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca hem\u00a0Karamanname<\/em>, hem\u00a0Bezm u Rezm<\/em>\u00a0Amasya Emiri K\u00fcrd Bey\u2019in o\u011flu ve Eretna\u2019n\u0131n vezirlerinden olan Hace Ali \u015eah\u2019\u0131n da Mehmet Bey\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zel ilgi duydu\u011funu, bundan dolay\u0131 da kendisi ile baz\u0131 beyler ya da Mehmet Bey\u2019in karde\u015fi Cafer Bey aras\u0131nda \u00e7ekemezliklerin boy verdi\u011fini belirtir.\u00a0Amasya Tarihi<\/em>\u2019nde de\u00a0Hace Ali \u015eah, Mehmed Bey\u2019in g\u00fczelli\u011fine vurulmu\u015ftu, oysa kazasker \u0130madeddin \u00d6mer \u00c7elebi, Hace Ali \u015eah\u2019\u0131n bu haraketini be\u011fenmiyor, Cafer Bey\u2019in hakk\u0131n\u0131 teslim ediyordu\u00a0<\/em>diye belirtilir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Mehmed Bey emir olursa Hace Ali \u015eah serbest\u00e7e vezirlik edecek, memleketin i\u015flerini y\u00f6netecekti.<\/p>\n Hace Ali \u015eah b\u00fct\u00fcn muhalefetlere ra\u011fmen Cafer Bey\u2019i tutuklayarak Mehmed Bey\u2019i emirli\u011fin taht\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece\u00a0Melik Nas\u0131reddin Mehmed Bey<\/em>Eretna hanedan\u0131nda ikinci h\u00fck\u00fcmdar oldu.\u00a0[23]<\/a><\/p>\n Mehmet Bey\u2019in amcas\u0131 Erzincan emiri Burak Bey, karde\u015fi Eretna\u2019\u0131n yerine kendisinin tahta \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyordu. Mehmed Bey\u2019in tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f haberini al\u0131nca olduk\u00e7a \u00f6fkelendi ve ba\u015fkald\u0131rd\u0131. Cafer Bey\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 baz\u0131 emirler de Mehmed Bey\u2019in tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na itiraz etmi\u015flerdi. Bundan dolay\u0131 Burak Bey\u2019in ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla emirli\u011fin merkezi olan Sivas tehdid alt\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n Vezir Hace Ali \u015eah, bu sak\u0131nca nedeniyle emaret merkezini Kayseri\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131mak zorunda kald\u0131, Mehmed Bey\u2019i al\u0131p oraya gitti. Sivas emirli\u011fine, koruma g\u00fcc\u00fc olan Amasya emiri karde\u015fi Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131 atad\u0131. Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, Amasya emaretine o\u011flu \u015eahabeddin Ahmed \u015eah\u2019\u0131 getirerek Sivas\u2019a gitti.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, Burak Bey\u2019i bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir bi\u00e7imde Erzincan\u2019a geri g\u00f6nderdi. Kutlu \u015eah \u0130bn K\u00fcrd, ayn\u0131 zamanda Eretnao\u011flu Mehmed Bey\u2019in askerine serdard\u0131.<\/p>\n Eretnao\u011flu Mehmed Bey, gen\u00e7 ve deneyimsizdi. Babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e2limleri ve deneyimli emirleri toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 meclise kendi gibi gen\u00e7leri toplar, onlarla zevk u sefa eder, ne halk\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetlerini dinler, ne de h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015flerine bakard\u0131. Veziri Hace Ali \u015eah\u2019a bile y\u00fcz vermezdi.<\/p>\n Mehmed Bey\u2019in bu hali emirleri kendisinden so\u011futtu. Hace Ali \u015eah, Mehmed Bey\u2019i bask\u0131yla istifaya zorlad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc halk onun bu i\u015flere sebep oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yor ve vezirli\u011fi sars\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131 Ahmed Efendi:\u00a0\u201cMehmed Bey, hadaset-i sinni belas\u0131yla gen\u00e7leri ba\u015f\u0131na toplad\u0131. Zevk \u00fc sefahatla dem-g\u00fczar olarak umur-\u0131 h\u00fckumete gen\u00e7ler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halk\u0131 ve \u00fcmeray\u0131 b\u00eezar itdi. Nihayet veziri Hace Ali \u015eah, Mehmed Bey\u2019i haps edip karde\u015fi Cafer Bey\u2019i emirli\u011fin taht\u0131na ge\u00e7irdi.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>der.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n Emir \u0130zzeddin Cafer Bey<\/em>, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc emir olarak 1353 (754) y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda, ya da 1354 (755 y\u0131l\u0131) ba\u015f\u0131nda Kayseri\u2019de babas\u0131n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7ip oturdu. Mehmed Bey\u2019i tutan beylerden kay\u0131nbiraderi Taceddin \u0130brahim Bey de g\u00f6revden al\u0131n\u0131p yerine Saadeddin S\u00fcleyman \u015eah Tokat emiri oldu.<\/p>\n Mehmed Bey, hapisten kurtulup Konya\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131, Karamano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey bin Halil Bey\u2019e iltica etti. Karaman\u00eelerle Eretna aras\u0131nda evlilik dolay\u0131s\u0131yla akrabal\u0131k vard\u0131. S\u00fcleyman Bey, Mehmed Bey\u2019i Kayseri emaretine zorla iade etmeye kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Karde\u015fi Davud Bey\u2019i bir askeri g\u00fc\u00e7le g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n Emir Cafer Bey de ordu serdar\u0131 Hac\u0131 Kutlu\u015fah komutas\u0131nda askeri bir g\u00fcc\u00fc Karamanl\u0131 Davut Bey\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n Karamano\u011flu Davud Bey, Konya\u2019y\u0131 y\u00f6netiyordu. Bask\u0131c\u0131, e\u011flenceye d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn bir adamd\u0131, Konya ayan\u0131yla halk\u0131n\u0131 bezdirmi\u015fti. Oysa Davud Bey\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6nderilen askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn serdar\u0131 Sivas valisi Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah \u0130bn K\u00fcrd adil, dindar, mert bir insan olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sivas ve Amasya halk\u0131 onun idaresinden \u00e7ok memnundu.<\/p>\n Konya ayan\u0131 Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019a haber g\u00f6nderip kendilerini Davud Bey\u2019in zulm\u00fcnden kurtarmalar\u0131n\u0131 istiyor, ona bu yolda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yard\u0131m ve kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6stererek Konya Kalesi\u2019ni teslim edeceklerini taahh\u00fct ediyorlard\u0131.[25]<\/a><\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, \u00f6nce Cafer Bey\u2019i, ard\u0131ndan Mehmed Bey\u2019i hapsetmesinden, y\u00f6netimdeki bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, karde\u015fi Hace Ali \u015eah\u2019tan memnun de\u011fildi. Eretnao\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 birini de emirli\u011fe yetkin g\u00f6rm\u00fcyordu. Her ikisi de rahatlar\u0131na, zevk ve sefaya d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn insanlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, Sivas, Tokat, Amasya ve \u00e7evresine birden emirlik yap\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131 Ahmed Efendi:\u00a0\u201cKaraman emiri S\u00fcleyman Bey bin Halil Bey, karde\u015fi Davud Bey\u2019i Konya valisi olarak atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Davut Bey, pek zalim idi. Bunun zul\u00fcm ve bask\u0131s\u0131ndan bezen Konya ayan\u0131 gizlice \u2019K\u00fcrd\u00ee\u2019 yahud \u2019Mo\u011fol\u00ee\u2019 olan Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019a haber g\u00f6nderdi.<\/em><\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, bilad-\u0131 Rum\u2019a (Sivas\u2019a) vali idi. Konya ayan\u0131 Davud Bey\u2019in bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan bezmi\u015f olarak Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131 davet ederek \u015fehri kendisine teslim edeceklerini taahh\u00fcd etmi\u015flerdi. Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah gelip Konya\u2019y\u0131 zapt etti. Davud Bey, pek \u00e7ok zorluklarla ka\u00e7\u0131p Larende\u2019ye can\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131\u201d<\/em>der ve ekler:\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanan ve sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan d\u00f6rt bin kadar Karamanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc ve Yirmi d\u00f6rt Karamanl\u0131 \u015fehzadeyi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fclk-i Karaman\u00eeyan\u2019\u0131n \u015fehzadelerini ilm ve edeb tahs\u00eel i\u00e7in Konya \u015fehrine g\u00f6ndermek adetleri idi. Konya \u015fehri bir m\u00fcddet Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n elinde kald\u0131.\u201d\u00a0[26]<\/a><\/strong><\/em>diye belirtir.<\/p>\n \u015eikar\u00ee de\u00a0Karamanname<\/em>\u2019de baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla Konya\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan feth edilmesini detayl\u0131 anlat\u0131r. \u00d6zetlenmi\u015f bi\u00e7imiyle olay\u00a0Karamanname\u2019de<\/em>\u015f\u00f6yle ge\u00e7er:<\/p>\n Ertena Bey \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, eskiden Rum Sel\u00e7uklu Sultanlar\u0131na tabi olan beyler toplan\u0131p, Karamanl\u0131 Alaeddin Bey\u2019in \u00e7ocukluk arkada\u015f\u0131 ve a\u015fk\u0131 olan Ertena o\u011flu Mehmet Bey\u2019i Kayseri\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp tahta oturttular.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrtlerden Hoca Ali onun veziri oldu. Karde\u015fi \u0130bn K\u00fcrd de Sivas\u2019ta Ertenao\u011flu ad\u0131na y\u00f6netici (serdar) oldu. Hoca Ali, Mehmet Bey\u2019e,\u00a0\u2018Karamano\u011flu Alaeddin Bey senin \u00e7ocukluk arkada\u015f\u0131n, muhabetlindir, git g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f anla\u015fma sa\u011fla aran\u0131zda bar\u0131\u015f olsun\u2019<\/em>\u00a0dedi.<\/p>\n Mehmet Bey Konya\u2019ya gitti. Davut Bey, karde\u015fi Alaettin Bey\u2019in hat\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in izzet ikram eyledi. Bu arada Karamanl\u0131lardan (Alaeddin ve Davut beylerin karde\u015fi) S\u00fcleyman \u015eah, K\u00f6kez Bey\u2019i yirmi sekiz bin askerle Kayseri\u2019yi almak i\u00e7in sefere g\u00f6nderdi. Davud Bey\u2019le Mehmed Bey de bu sefere kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Rum [Eretna\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcrt] beyleri Kayseri\u2019yi vermeyi redettiler. Sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Kayserililer geri \u00e7ekilip kaleye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131lar. Yedi ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc halde kale al\u0131namad\u0131. \u015eikar\u00ee d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kaynaklara g\u00f6re bu d\u00f6nemde Kayseri Eretna \u015fehriydi, Mehmet Bey\u2019in karde\u015fi Cafer Bey oray\u0131 y\u00f6netiyordu.<\/p>\n Kayseri\u2019de sava\u015f s\u00fcrerken Konya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde Karamanl\u0131lardan tecr\u00fcbesiz Mehmud Pa\u015fa ad\u0131nda birinin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyan K\u00fcrd beyi Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, yedi bin askerle sald\u0131rd\u0131. Bu arada me\u011fer Davut Konya\u2019ya d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, kap\u0131lar\u0131 kapatt\u0131. Sava\u015f oldu, halk olduk\u00e7a eziyet \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n Mehmet Bey Kayseri sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p Konya\u2019ya geldi, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc. Alaettin Bey, daha \u00f6nce Konya\u2019y\u0131 karde\u015fi Davud Bey\u2019le Ertena Mehmed Bey\u2019e b\u0131rak\u0131p Larende\u2019ye yerle\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Mehmet Bey\u2019in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine Alaeddin Bey de Konya\u2019ya geldi. \u0130ki a\u015f\u0131k birbirlerini buldular. E\u011flence meclisi kurup k\u0131rk g\u00fcn k\u0131rk gece e\u011flendiler. Rum ve Yunan dilberler, mahbup ve mahbubeleri kimisi rakseder, kimisi m\u00fczik \u00e7alar, \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylerdi.<\/p>\n Konya\u2019da s\u00f6zleri dinlenir d\u00f6rt ki\u015fi vard\u0131: Ahi Nehis, Ahi Murad, Cebbar Keth\u00fcda ve Bazarba\u015f\u0131. Bunlar \u015fehir halk\u0131n\u0131 bir yere toplay\u0131p:<\/p>\n Eger Karmano\u011flu burada kal\u0131rsa bizim halimiz harap olur. Bir yolunu bulup onlar\u0131 buradan kald\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/em>\u00a0Baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirildi, gizlice Eretna Mehmet Bey\u2019e vararak:<\/p>\n \u2019Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 sert huyludur, onlarla ge\u00e7inemiyoruz, bir yolunu bul Alaeddin\u2019i memleketine g\u00f6nder, sen bizim \u015fah\u0131m\u0131z ol\u2019\u00a0<\/em>dediler. Mehmet Bey ger\u00e7ek sand\u0131, Alaeddin\u2019e var\u0131p\u00a0\u2019Konya\u2019y\u0131 bana ver\u2019<\/em>dedi.<\/p>\n Alaeddin\u00a0\u2019sadece benim olsa verirdim, Ama karde\u015fim Davut Bey\u2019in de pay\u0131 var, vereyim ikiniz beraber y\u00f6netin\u2019<\/em>dedi. Bir ay ge\u00e7ti. Bu sefer Konya heyeti bir mektup d\u00fczerek Alaeddin\u2019e verdiler, karde\u015fi,\u00a0\u2019acele Alaeddin yan\u0131ma gelsin\u2019\u00a0<\/em>demi\u015f. Alaeddin, Mehmet Bey\u2019le vedala\u015f\u0131p gitti.<\/p>\n Ahi Nahis K\u00fcrt beyi Kutlu \u015eah\u2019a haber g\u00f6nderdi:<\/p>\n \u2018\u2019Tez gel, yeti\u015f. Karamano\u011flu gitti, Mehmed\u2019le Davut kald\u0131. Onlar\u0131 biz yok ederiz.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah mektubu okur okumaz alt\u0131 bin K\u00fcrdle, d\u00f6rt bin Mo\u011folla \u0130maddedin\u2019i de al\u0131p Konya\u2019ya yeti\u015fti.<\/p>\n Davud Bey ile Mehmed Bey, Karamanl\u0131lardan on yedi bin erle ey\u015f i\u015fret ederlerdi. \u015eehirde g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca, ne oldu diye d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bakt\u0131lar, g\u00f6rd\u00fcler ki, \u015fehir halk\u0131 K\u00fcrtlere kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f. Ahi Nahis ile Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah \u00f6nlerine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, gelip Keykubad Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131 sarm\u0131\u015flar. Ceng ba\u015flad\u0131. Karamanl\u0131lar ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131lar. Karamano\u011flu Davut Bey bir ata binip Larende\u2019ye ka\u00e7t\u0131. Eretnao\u011flu Mehmet Bey \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak bir su deli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Sivas\u2019a do\u011fru ka\u00e7t\u0131. K\u00fcrtler, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 \u00e7ekip Karamano\u011fullar\u0131ndan yirmi d\u00f6rt \u015fehzadeyi katlettiler. D\u00f6rt bin Karaman askeri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. K\u00fcrd Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah Konya\u2019y\u0131 zapt etti.<\/p>\n Mehmed Bey, bir abdal k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sivas\u2019a gelip bir hangaha (xaneqa) yerle\u015fti. Onun Rum \u015eah\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Eretna\u2019n\u0131n) o\u011flu oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131lar, gidip \u0130bn K\u00fcrd\u2019e haber verdiler. \u0130bni K\u00fcrd \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc, hanegaha gidip Mehmed Bey\u2019i ald\u0131 saraya getirdi, ba\u015f\u0131na tac\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcst\u00fcne \u015fahl\u0131k giysilerini giydirdi.[27]<\/a><\/p>\n \u015e\u0131kar\u00ee\u2019nin bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131ndan Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah ile \u0130bn K\u00fcrd iki ayr\u0131 \u015fahsiyetmi\u015f ve biri Konya\u2019da sava\u015f\u0131rken, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc de Sivas\u2019\u0131 y\u00f6netiyormu\u015f gibi bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Oysa di\u011fer kaynaklardan da belirledi\u011fimiz gibi Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah ile \u0130bn K\u00fcrd ayn\u0131 ki\u015filer. Di\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131n da do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi o, Sivas\u2019ta de\u011fil, Konya\u2019da sava\u015fta o zaman. Di\u011fer kaynaklarda, sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda Eretnao\u011flu Mehmet Bey\u2019in Konya\u2019da oldu\u011funa dair bir bilgi yok. Asl\u0131nda \u015eikar\u00ee de \u00f6nce onun Kayseri\u2019de karde\u015finden \u015fehri almak i\u00e7in sava\u015fta oldu\u011funu belirtiyor, ama her nedense Konya\u2019da olaylar ba\u015flay\u0131nca onun oraya geldi\u011fini yaz\u0131yor. O d\u00f6nemlerde Konya \u00fc\u00e7 kez K\u00fcrtler tarf\u0131ndan fethedilmi\u015f yine ellerinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Toplam iki y\u0131la yak\u0131n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah Konya\u2019y\u0131 y\u00f6netmi\u015f. Muhtemelen Mehmet Bey, yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lan Konya fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fehirde de\u011fildi. K\u0131yafet de\u011fi\u015ftirip \u015fehirden ka\u00e7ma ve Sivas\u2019a bir tekyeye varma ba\u015fka bir sefer ve olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda olmal\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcssamedin\u2019in kaynaklar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan bilgilerde, asl\u0131nda k\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirip Sivas\u2019ta bir tekyeye ka\u00e7ma olay\u0131, ikinci Konya fethinden sonra, ba\u015fka bir sava\u015fta Mehmet Bey\u2019in Dulkadiro\u011flu Karaca Bey\u2019in o\u011flu Halil Bey ile bizzat karde\u015fi Cafer Bey\u2019in i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu bir sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda bozguna u\u011framas\u0131yla meydana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, sava\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131p Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fehirden kovunca, Sivas, Tokat, Amasya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra Konya vilayetine de emir oldu. N\u00fcfuz ve \u015f\u00f6hreti her tarafa yay\u0131ld\u0131. Konyal\u0131lar\u0131 kendisine daha fazla yakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, ayr\u0131ca Eretnao\u011fullar\u0131na y\u00fcz \u00e7eviren emirleri tekrar kazanmak i\u00e7in \u00e7areyi Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 \u0130kinci Mesut\u2019un o\u011flu Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131 tahta \u00e7\u0131karmakta buldu. Altun\u015fah, annebabas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, Amasya emiri olan o\u011flu Emir \u015eehabeddin Ahmed \u015eah\u2019a Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131n Amasya\u2019da Sel\u00e7uklu taht\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Ahmed \u015eah da Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrd Beylere ait Simre \u00c7iftli\u011fi\u2019nden getirerek 1354 (755) y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Sultan Taceddin Altunba\u015f<\/em>\u00a0nam\u0131yla tahta \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.[28]<\/a><\/p>\n \u015eehabeddin Ahmed \u015eah Sivas vilayeti kaymakam\u0131, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer o\u011flu Seyfeddin \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa da beylerbeyi oldu.[29]<\/a>\u00a01354 (755), ayn\u0131 zamanda Konya\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcrtlerce al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n ikinci o\u011flu Seyfeddin \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa, Amasya\u2019da Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019a Sel\u00e7uklu geleneklerine dayanarak beylerbeyi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u2019Padi\u015fah\u2019 \u00fcnvan\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131zkarde\u015finin o\u011flu olan Bayezid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n vakfiyesinde bu \u00fcnvan\u0131 korunmaktad\u0131r.[30]<\/a><\/p>\n Konyal\u0131lar, \u00f6teden beri Sel\u00e7uklulara d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnlerdi. Karamanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerinden b\u0131km\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131ndan Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131n tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n da iyi idaresi Konyal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131 kendine \u00e7ekince, Karamanl\u0131lar ve Eretnao\u011fullar\u0131 tela\u015fland\u0131lar. Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu\u2019yu istila edecek bir potansiyel g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n Sultan Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131n tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren sebep, yaln\u0131z Konyal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 de\u011fildi. Belki Eretnao\u011fullar\u0131 Mehmed Bey ve Cafer Bey\u2019in emirlerince ve taraftarlar\u0131nca g\u00f6sterilen muhalefetler de neden olmu\u015ftu. Bir taraftan Karamanl\u0131lar, di\u011fer tarafdan karde\u015fi Hace Ali \u015eah, ayr\u0131ca \u00f6teki muhalifleri, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131 yenecek \u00e7areler ar\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Larende emiri Karamano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey, Konya\u2019y\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok etkilenmi\u015fti. \u015eehri geri almak i\u00e7in kuvvetlerini topluyor, ayr\u0131ca Kozano\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fka muhaliflerini kendisine \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.[31]<\/a><\/p>\n Hace Ali \u015eah\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi Hayreddin Halil Bey[32]<\/a>\u00a0de Amasya\u2019da muhalif bir kesimle beraberdi. Ulemadan Muslihiddin Musa \u00c7elebi ve taraftarlar\u0131yla Halfet Gazio\u011flu \u015e\u00fccaeddin S\u00fcleyman, Pervane Beyzade \u0130lmeddin S\u00fcleyman, G\u00fcl Beyo\u011flu Alaeddin Ali ve Receb Beyler ve bunlar\u0131n taraftarlar\u0131 muhaliflerin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdi. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi Hace Ali \u015eah bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n Karamano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey ve karde\u015fi Alaeddin Ali Bey, yan\u0131na ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7le Konya \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler. Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah ile tekrar tekrar sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Bir y\u0131l kadar s\u00fcren bir sava\u015ftan sonra Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah ancak Konya\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labildi. Onu Sivas\u2019a kadar takip ettiler. Karamano\u011flu d\u00f6n\u00fcp Kayseri\u2019yi istila etti. Yan\u0131nda bulunan Eretnao\u011flu Mehmed Bey\u2019e Kayseri emaretini verip Larende\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131 Ahmed Efendi:\u00a0\u201cKaraman emiri S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019le Sivas valisi \u0130bn K\u00fcrd aras\u0131nda m\u00fckereren muharebeler oldu. Sonunda S\u00fcleyman Bey galebe \u00e7ald\u0131. \u0130bn K\u00fcrd firar itdi. S\u00fcleyman Bey an\u0131 Sivas\u2019a kadar tak\u00eeb ve Kayseri\u2019yi istila eyledi. Kayseri h\u00fckumetini Mehmed Bey\u2019e ve Konya valili\u011fini de kendi karde\u015fi Alaeddin Ali Bey\u2019e virdi.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>diye belirtir.[33]<\/a><\/p>\n KONYA\u2019NIN Y\u0130T\u0130RLMES\u0130N\u0130N ARDINDAN<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, yenilip Konya\u2019y\u0131 kaybedince Sivas\u2019a geldi. Eski g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirdi\u011finden muhalifleri her taraftan ba\u015fkald\u0131rd\u0131. Bunlardan Halfeto\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey, Amasya\u2019da ayaklan\u0131p \u015fehri ald\u0131, onun amcas\u0131o\u011flu Zeyneddin Tuli Beyzade \u0130brahim Bey de Tokat emaretini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Amasya emirlerinden Halfet Gazi o\u011fullar\u0131ndan Alaeddin Ali Bey bin Celaleddin Mehmed Bey bin \u015e\u00fccaeddin Tekur Sinan Bey\u2019in o\u011flu\u00a0Emir-i keb\u00eer \u015e\u00fccaeddin S\u00fcleyman Bey<\/em>,<\/strong>\u00a0Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n ma\u011flub olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine onun o\u011flu beylerbeyi \u015eadgeldi Bey\u2019i bertaraf edip 1356 (757) y\u0131l\u0131nda Amasya emiri oldu. Seksen ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Sultan Altunba\u015f Simre \u00e7iftli\u011fine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.[34]<\/a>Hace Fahreddin Mehmed Cevher\u00ee yine m\u00fcstevf\u00ee (defterdar) oldu.<\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin, Altunba\u015f\u2019\u0131n saltanat\u0131 kuru bir \u00fcnvandan ibaretti, ne halk, ne de emirler onu \u00f6nemsiyorlard\u0131, ama beylerbeyi \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa, ilim ve irfan\u0131, y\u00fcksek ahlakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fczel idaresi ile kendisini halka sevdirmi\u015fti, der.<\/p>\n Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00fczerine defterdar Fahreddin Mehmed Cevher\u00ee, Amasya\u2019da kendisine yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrbenin gereksinimlerine Yavru \u00c7iftli\u011fi\u2019nin vesair emlak\u0131n\u0131, A\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fazade \u015eeyh Sadreddin Elvan \u00c7elebi de kendi \u00e7iftli\u011finde yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 cami, zaviye, okul, imaret, hamam ve t\u00fcrbesi yarar\u0131na b\u00fct\u00fcn emlakini 1356 (757) y\u0131l\u0131nda vakf ettti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hace Ali \u015eah, karde\u015fi Halil Bey ile bunlar, Baba \u0130lyas Horasan\u00ee evlad\u0131ndan olarak akraba idiler. De\u011fi\u015fiklik de, m\u00fclk ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131n ellerinden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na \u00f6nlem olur diye tedbir olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/em>.[35]<\/a><\/p>\n Amasya ve Tokat olaylar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, g\u00fcn\u00fc gelir diye S\u00fcleyman Bey ve \u0130brahim Bey\u2019in emaretlerini kabul etmi\u015fti. Kayseri\u2019den Sivas\u2019a gelen Hace Ali \u015eah\u2019a b\u00fcy\u00fck yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6stererek, Kayseri\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcmet eden Eretnao\u011flu Mehmed Bey\u2019e g\u00fcven vererek, onlar\u0131 Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131n aleyhine k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 taze kuvvetlerle yeniden bir ordu kurdu. Kayseri h\u00e2kimi Mehmed Bey, Larende, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah da Konya \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler. Karamanl\u0131lar iki taraftan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, Konya valisi Karamano\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan Alaeddin Ali Bey\u2019i kanl\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra yenip \u015fehirden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Konya\u2019y\u0131 ikinci kez zaptetti. Eretnao\u011flu Mehmed Bey de Larende\u2019yi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Karamano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey, en \u00e7ok kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 gelen Mehmed Bey\u2019e k\u0131z\u0131yordu. Bunun i\u00e7in var kuvvetini toplay\u0131p \u00f6nce Mehmed Bey\u2019le sava\u015ft\u0131. Sonunda S\u00fcleyman ve karde\u015fi Alaeddin Ali Beyler Mehmed Bey\u2019i yendiler.<\/p>\n Mehmed Bey\u2019in yenilgisini haber alan karde\u015fi Cafer Bey de Samgarlu H\u0131z\u0131r ve Tac K\u0131z\u0131lo\u011flu Hayreddin Beylerle birle\u015fip Kayseri\u2019yi ald\u0131. Dulkadiro\u011flu Karaca Bey\u2019in o\u011flu Halil Bey de Cafer Bey\u2019e kat\u0131l\u0131nca, zaten d\u00fczeni ve manevi g\u00fcc\u00fc bozulmu\u015f olan Mehmed Bey\u2019in askeri, ilk \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmada da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Mehmed Bey, dervi\u015f k\u0131yafetine girip Sivas\u2019a ka\u00e7t\u0131, bir tekyeye indi.<\/p>\n Karamano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman ve Alaeddin Ali Beyler ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7 tazeleyerek Konya\u2019y\u0131 tekrar almaya gittiler. Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah ile sava\u015ft\u0131lar, sonunda Konya\u2019y\u0131 elinden ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, ikinci kez Konya\u2019dan \u00e7ekilip Sivas\u2019a gitti. Kayseri\u2019de ikinci kez emir olan Eretnao\u011flu Cafer Bey, onu eskiden oldu\u011fu gibi Sivas\u2019ta h\u00fckumet i\u015flerini idare etme g\u00f6revine atad\u0131. Kutlu \u015eah burada eski g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ad\u0131m ad\u0131m kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131 Ahmed Efendi:\u00a0\u201cEretnazade Mehmed Bey, Karaman\u00eeler harbinden m\u00fcnhez\u00eemen (hezimete u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olarak) firar id\u00fcb dervi\u015f k\u0131yafetinde Sivas\u2019a geldi. Bir zaviyede gizlendi. Biraderi Cafer Bey\u2019in Sivas\u2019da valisi olan \u0130bn K\u00fcrt (Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah) Mehmed Bey\u2019in u\u015faklar\u0131ndan biri idi.<\/em><\/p>\n Valinin baz\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131, Mehmed Bey\u2019in kalender k\u0131yafetinde Sivas\u2019a gel\u00fcb falan tekyede gizlendi\u011fini vali Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019a haber virdi. Vali tebd\u00eel-i k\u0131yafetle o tekyeye gitti. Mehmed Bey\u2019i g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anda tan\u0131d\u0131. Mehmed Bey\u2019e kendisini bildirdi. An\u0131 alub ikram ve izzetle daire-i h\u00fckumete getirdi. Kendisini taht-\u0131 emarete iclas iderek Hace Ali \u015eah\u2019\u0131 da celb ve istimalat ve ana vezaretini iade itti.\u201d<\/em>der.[36]<\/a><\/p>\n Eretnao\u011flu Mehmed Bey, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez Sivas\u2019ta tahta \u00e7\u0131karken Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah beylerbeyi (emir\u00fc\u2019l-\u00fcmera) olarak kald\u0131. Hace Ali \u015eah, eski makam\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn idari i\u015fler Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve onay\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, karde\u015fi Hace Ali \u015eah ile birle\u015fti, beraber ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerle Mehmed Bey, karde\u015fi Cafer Bey\u2019i bertaraf edip Kayseri \u015fehrini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Amasya ve Tokat beyleri iki gruba ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Amasya\u2019dakilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, emirli\u011fi ele ge\u00e7iren Halfetzade S\u00fcleyman Bey taraftar\u0131yd\u0131. Pervane, G\u00fcl Beyo\u011fullar\u0131 ve Ya\u011fmuro\u011flu Sarameddin \u0130brahim Bey bunlardand\u0131.<\/p>\n Di\u011fer grup, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah taraftar\u0131yd\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Tur ve Matayo\u011flu Muineddin S\u00fcleyman \u00c7elebi, o\u011flu Mehmed \u00c7elebi ile Sunkur ve Bicarzadeler vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Tokat\u2019ta, Tokat emiri Tuli Beyzade, Taceddin \u0130brahim Bey\u2019i, ba\u015fta Kav\u00fcll\u00fczade Celaleddin Mehmed Bey olmak \u00fczere di\u011ferleri de Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131 tutuyorlard\u0131[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Amasya emiri S\u00fcleyman Bey, Tokat emiri \u0130brahim Bey\u2019le m\u00fcttefikti. \u0130kisi de Eretnao\u011flu Mehmed Bey\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, o\u011flu \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Amasya emirli\u011finden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00fcz\u00fclm\u015ft\u00fc. Amasya ve Tokat\u2019ta olan taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n bilgileri d\u00e2hilinde b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu \u015eehabeddin Ahmed \u015eah\u2019\u0131 askeri bir g\u00fc\u00e7le Tokat\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi. Ahmed \u015eah, Tokat\u2019a var\u0131nca, Kabil\u00eezade Celaleddin Mehmed Bey, g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle Ahmed \u015eah\u2019\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131p \u015fehre \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z soktu ve kendisi Tokat emiri oldu.<\/p>\n Kutlu \u015eah o\u011flu \u015eahabeddin Ahmed \u015eah, Tokat emirinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri de katarak Amasya\u2019ya y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Amasya emiri S\u00fcleyman Bey, Ahmed \u015eah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015facak g\u00fc\u00e7te de\u011fildi. Ahmed \u015eah, sava\u015fs\u0131z \u015fehri alarak 1358 (759) y\u0131l\u0131nda Amasya emiri oldu.<\/p>\n Torumtayzade S\u00fcleyman Bey ile Sunkur Beyzade S\u00fcleyman Bey Amasya\u2019da Ahmet \u015eah\u2019\u0131n vekilleri olarak atand\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, Amasya ve Tokat\u2019\u0131 da ald\u0131ktan sonra olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7lendi, Karamanl\u0131lara yeniden sald\u0131rma iradesine kavu\u015ftu. Fakat Eretnao\u011flu Mehmed Bey, ilgi duydu\u011fu gen\u00e7leri tekrar ba\u015f\u0131na toplay\u0131p eski e\u011flence hayat\u0131na dalm\u0131\u015f, e\u011flence \u00e2lemlerinde Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah ile Hace Ali \u015eah aleyhinde at\u0131p tutma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, her ikisini de olduk\u00e7a k\u0131zd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah ile Hace Ali \u015eah, Mehmed Bey\u2019i bu hayat\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7irme\u011fe, bunu yapamay\u0131nca da ikna edip karde\u015fini yerine ge\u00e7irme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Mehmed Bey duyunca ka\u00e7\u0131p Karaman h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Karde\u015fi Cafer Bey 1359 (760) y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez emirlik taht\u0131na oturdu.<\/p>\n M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131:\u00a0\u201cMehmed Bey\u2019in, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfuz ve marifeti sayesinde tekrar emir oldukdan sonra eski hiffet ve sefahetine avdet itdi. \u0130bn K\u00fcrd ile Hace Ali kendisinden m\u00fctevehhim olub su\u2019i-kasde k\u0131yam itdiler. Mehmed Bey su\u2019i-kasd\u0131 duyub ka\u00e7t\u0131. Karamano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019e iltica etti.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>der.[38]<\/a><\/p>\n Karamano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey, Eretna topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etmekte kullan\u0131r umuduyla Mehmed Bey\u2019i a\u011f\u0131rlayarak kabul etti. Konya emiri karde\u015fi Alaeddin Ali Bey bunu uygun g\u00f6rmedi. Mehmed Bey\u2019in y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Karamanl\u0131lar \u00e7ok zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdi.[39]<\/a>\u00a0Karamano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey, Eretna \u00fclkesini i\u015fgalde \u0131srar etti. Alaeddin Bey\u2019i, asker verip Kayseri ve Sivas \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderdi. Buralar\u0131 kolayl\u0131kla elde edece\u011fini umuyordu.<\/p>\n Fakat Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, tedbirli, askerli\u011fi ve sava\u015f\u0131 bilen biriydi. Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131n askeri harek\u00e2tlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyip durumu kavray\u0131nca b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Ahmed \u015eah\u2019\u0131 Sivas\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi, di\u011fer o\u011flu \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 Amasya emirli\u011fine atad\u0131. \u015eadgeldi 1359 Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcnde (760 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015fevvalinde) Amasya emiri oldu.<\/p>\n EM\u0130R \u015eADGELD\u0130 PA\u015eA D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/p>\n Emir \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa, Amasya\u2019da Mevlana Fahreddin \u0130lyas bin Cemal Aksaray\u00ee\u2019de okumu\u015f, iyi e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, \u00e2limlerden olmu\u015ftu. Me\u015fhur Cemaleddin Mehmed Aksaray\u00ee kendisinin medrese arkada\u015f\u0131yd\u0131.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n \u015eadgeldi, halk aras\u0131nda\u00a0\u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa\u00a0<\/em>diye tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, \u2018\u2019Pa\u015fa\u2019\u2019 bir askeri r\u00fctbe de\u011fil y\u00fcksek anlay\u0131\u015fa sahip, toleransl\u0131<\/em>,\u00a0koruyucu, tedbirli, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olmayan<\/em>\u00a0anlam\u0131ndayd\u0131. Emir \u015eadgeldi bu s\u0131fatlara uygun bilgili ve ahlakl\u0131 biriydi.<\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin, \u015eadgeldi\u2019nin iki amcas\u0131 vard\u0131 der; Biri\u00a0Bedreddin Gazan \u015eah<\/em>, di\u011feri\u00a0\u015eerefeddin Do\u011fan \u015eah<\/em>\u2019t\u0131. Bunlara, \u015eikar\u00ee\u2019nin belirti\u011fi\u00a0Hace Ali<\/em>\u00a0ile\u00a0Hayreddin Halil Bey<\/em>\u2019i de eklersek asl\u0131nda d\u00f6rt amcas\u0131 olmu\u015f oluyor. Turhal beyi olan Do\u011fan \u015eah\u2019\u0131n iki o\u011flu vard\u0131;\u00a0M\u00fcbarek \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0ile\u00a0Mukbil Bey<\/em>.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, her taraftan derledi\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7le Karamano\u011flu Alaeddin Bey\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 gitti. Karamanl\u0131larla sava\u015farak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez ordular\u0131n\u0131 bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131. Alaeddin Bey ka\u00e7t\u0131,\u00a0Konya tekrar Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.[41]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez Konya\u2019y\u0131 fetheden Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, Eretnalar\u2019dan daha fazla etkinlik ve \u015f\u00f6hret kazand\u0131. Eretnao\u011fullar\u0131ndan bir yarar gelmeyece\u011fi inanc\u0131 olu\u015funca de Emir Cafer\u2019i bertaraf ederek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan etti.<\/p>\n Bunun \u00fczerine, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah, Kayseri emaretine karde\u015fi\u00a0Bedreddin Gazan \u015eah\u2019\u0131<\/em>\u00a0atay\u0131p Cafer Bey\u2019i korumas\u0131na ald\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Ankara beyi de Devlet \u015eah o\u011flu Melik Nasreddin Bahtiyar Bey\u2019di.<\/p>\n Bahtiyar Bey, babas\u0131 Devlet \u015eah\u2019dan sonra Ankara emiri olmu\u015ftu. Serke\u015f ve zalim bir adamd\u0131. Bazen Karamanl\u0131larla birle\u015fip Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalar, bazan Kutlu \u015eah ile birle\u015fip Karaman yurdunu vururdu.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131, Eretnao\u011fullar\u0131 taraftar\u0131 olan beylerle, \u00f6zellikle karde\u015fi\u00a0Hace Ali \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0ile Dulkadiro\u011flu\u00a0Karaca Bey\u2019in o\u011flu Halil Bey<\/em>\u2019in zoruna gitmi\u015f, bunlar\u00a0Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah<\/em>\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 tutum alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Bey ile Alaeddin Bey, Konya\u2019y\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in kendilerine m\u00fcttefik ararken bu beyleri kolayl\u0131kla elde etmi\u015flerdi. T\u00fcm\u00fc birlikte var g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n Bu ittifak kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019a yard\u0131m edecek yaln\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu\u00a0Ahmed \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Di\u011fer o\u011flu\u00a0\u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n Amasya\u2019dan ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn Halfeto\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019in o\u011flu Alaeddin Ali Bey\u2019in Amasya\u2019y\u0131 almak i\u00e7in ba\u015fkald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 herkes\u00e7e biliniyordu.<\/p>\n Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n bizzat atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karde\u015fi Gazan \u015eah ise Samgaro\u011flu H\u0131z\u0131r Bey\u2019den \u00e7ekindi\u011fini iddia ederek Kayseri\u2019den ayr\u0131lm\u0131yor, asker bile g\u00f6ndermiyordu.\u00a0Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah \u0130bn K\u00fcrd<\/em>, her bak\u0131mdan yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde Karamanl\u0131larla defalarca \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalara girdi, bazen yeniyor, bazen de yeniliyordu.<\/p>\n Kuvvetleri azal\u0131nca beylerden yard\u0131m diledi. Olanca g\u00fcc\u00fcyle yard\u0131m eden yaln\u0131zca o\u011flu Sivas emiri\u00a0\u015eahabeddin Ahmed \u015eah<\/em>\u00a0oldu. Durum daha da zorla\u015f\u0131nca\u00a0\u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa<\/em>\u00a0ile\u00a0Kabil\u00eezade Mehmed Pa\u015fa<\/em>Amasya ve Tokat\u2019tan asker g\u00f6nderdiler.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah ile o\u011flu Ahmed \u015eah son bir at\u0131l\u0131mla sava\u015farak konumlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyorlard\u0131. Fakat Karamano\u011flu Alaeddin Bey, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri, gelen taze g\u00fc\u00e7ler sayesinde yeni hamlelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc ve sava\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131.\u00a0Emir Nureddin Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah \u0130bn K\u00fcrd<\/em>\u00a0ile o\u011flu\u00a0\u015eahabeddin Ahmed \u015eah<\/em>\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler Y\u0131l 1361 (762.)\u00a0[42]<\/a><\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu ayn\u0131 zamanda\u00a0Zeyneddin Tuli Bey<\/em>\u2019in damad\u0131 olan\u00a0\u015eahabeddin Ahmed \u015eah, Birinci Eretna\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0<\/em>o\u011flu\u00a0Emir Mehmed Bey<\/em>\u2019in bacana\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Babas\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n yerine Amasya emaretine 1352 (753) y\u0131l\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda gelmi\u015fti. Kay\u0131nbiraderi Taceddin \u0130brahim Bey de Tokat emiri idi. Ahmed \u015eah, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce Amasya emaretinde babas\u0131n\u0131n vekiliydi (kaymakam\u0131).<\/p>\n Alaeddin Bey, Konya\u2019y\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra Kayseri \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Kayseri emiri Gazan \u015eah ve damad\u0131 M\u00fchezzibzade \u0130lmeddin S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019i ka\u00e7\u0131rt\u0131p Eretnazade Mehmed Bey\u2019i emirlik makam\u0131na oturttu.[43]<\/a><\/p>\n Kutlu \u015eah\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi Gazan \u015eah ile damad\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, Amasya\u2019ya gelemediklerinden \u015eam\u2019a firar ettiler, ard\u0131ndan Kud\u00fcs\u2019e gidip orada yerle\u015fdiler.<\/p>\n Hac\u0131 Kutlu \u015eah ile o\u011flunun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri, Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a sevindirirken Eretna memleketini adeta bir ke\u015fmeke\u015fin i\u00e7ine soktu. Hele Amasya i\u00e7in bir felaket oldu, \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kanl\u0131 eylemlere s\u00fcr\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n Karamanl\u0131lar, bu zaferle sarho\u015f olarak Ankara\u2019da Devlet \u015eaho\u011flu Bahtiyar Bey\u2019i kendilerine uydurmu\u015f, o da Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 memleketini ya\u011fmalamak i\u00e7in ayaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bursa emiri Osmano\u011flu Orhan Bey, Haziran 1360 (761 y\u0131l\u0131 recebinde) y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, yerine, Murad Bey (Birinci Murad) ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. \u0130ktidar de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin getirdi\u011fi bo\u015fluk ve istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ortaya.<\/p>\n Orhan Bey devrinde Osman ilini ikide bir rahats\u0131z eden Devlet \u015eah o\u011flu Bahtiyar Bey, Karamanl\u0131lara uyup yine tacizlerini tekrarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 serdarlar\u0131ndan me\u015fhur Sunkur Pa\u015fa \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7le gidip Ankara\u2019y\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131.<\/p>\n Bahtiyar Bey\u2019in bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan zaten bezmi\u015f olan Ankara halk\u0131 Sunkur Pa\u015fa\u2019ya kaleyi teslim ederek (Birinci) Murad Bey\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Bahtiyar Bey, o\u011flu Kara Devlet \u015eah ile Amasya\u2019ya ka\u00e7\u0131p \u015eadgeldi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131.