{"id":15817,"date":"2017-10-12T18:00:01","date_gmt":"2017-10-12T15:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/?p=15817"},"modified":"2017-10-08T12:32:58","modified_gmt":"2017-10-08T09:32:58","slug":"belgelerle-kerkuk-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=15817","title":{"rendered":"Belgelerle Kerk\u00fck tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde 25 Eyl\u00fcl ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k referandumuna Kerk\u00fck gibi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin de kat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk medyas\u0131nda Kerk\u00fck ve Musul tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00fcndeme geldi. T\u00fcrkiye’nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda tarihsel, etnik ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli rol oynayan Kerk\u00fck ve Musul ile ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalarda temel soru \u201cKerk\u00fck T\u00fcrkmenlerin mi yoksa K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131na m\u0131 ait?\u201d Ancak T\u00fcrk medyas\u0131n\u0131n bu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131na ait oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayan belgenin kendisi de yine T\u00fcrklerden. \u0130lk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e roman\u0131 yazan Arnavut as\u0131ll\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 yazar\u0131 \u015eemsettin Sami’nin 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0“Kamus\u00fc’l Alam”<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 eseri K\u00fcrtlerin iddialar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan bir belge niteli\u011finde. Bu eserde Sami, Kerk\u00fck n\u00fcfusunun d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn K\u00fcrt, kalan\u0131n\u0131n ise Arap ve T\u00fcrkmenler oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Ayr\u0131ca eserde, kentte 760 Yahudi ve 460 Keldani’nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 belgeleriyle Kerk\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtler, bu kadim kentin kendilerine ait oldu\u011funu ve Saddam H\u00fcseyin’in Arapla\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131 sonucunda \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kaybettiklerini ifade ediyor.\u00a0 T\u00fcrkmenler ise, 1950’lerin sonuna kadar kentte \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kendilerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011funu iddia ediyor. Ancak Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar H\u00fcseyin Siyabend Aytem\u00fcr\u2019un Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgelere g\u00f6re, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinde 1807 tarihli belgede Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131na ait oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. O d\u00f6nemde Hariciye Nez\u00e2reti yani Osmanl\u0131 D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki belgelerde Kerk\u00fck\u2019e dair \u015fu bilgiler yer al\u0131yor: “Biz Kerk\u00fck’\u00fc tek par\u00e7a olan Irak’a verdik, Irak tek par\u00e7a olmayacaksa bu antla\u015fmay\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131yoruz. K\u00fcrt, Arap ve T\u00fcrkmen d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere kendimizi Irak halk\u0131n\u0131n akrabas\u0131 ve dostu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bundan dolay\u0131 Irak\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fi ve tek par\u00e7a olmas\u0131 bizim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve b\u00fct\u00fcn olu\u015fumlar tek bir \u00fclke \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda ya\u015famal\u0131lar. Elbette biz Irak\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131z ancak bir dost olarak \u00f6nerilerimizi dile getiriyoruz. Veya b\u00f6lgede, Irak\u2019ta ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019te siyasetlerimiz \u0131rk\u0131 ve mezhebi te\u015fvik esas\u0131 \u00fczerinde olmamal\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Aytem\u00fcr, bu dilin diplomatik bir dil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ger\u00e7e\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 hissi ve nefsi bir tepki oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek \u015fu sorular\u0131 soruyor:\u00a0 \u201cSiz Kerk\u00fck’\u00fc kimseye vermediniz. Daha 1916’larda Sykes-Piccot antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Asya’daki Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131 3 devlet aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Erzurum, Van, Bitlis ve \u00e7evresi Rusya’ya; t\u00fcm Mezopotamya ile Akka ve Hayfa limanlar\u0131 \u0130ngiltere’ye; Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, Kilikya b\u00f6lgesi, Harput ve \u00e7evresi Fransa’ya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yine bu antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa denetiminde bir Arap Konfederasyonu kurulacakt\u0131. Irak isimli bir devlet yoktu. Basra, Ba\u011fdat ve Musul isimli \u00fc\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131 eyaleti vard\u0131 ve bunlardan Musul, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeydi. \u00a0\u0130ngilizler kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Kuveyt’i devlet yapt\u0131lar, geri kalan\u0131ndan da Irak diye bir devlet kurdular. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar olurken nerdeydiniz, tek par\u00e7a Irak devleti nerdeydi? \u00a0T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n s\u00f6z etti\u011fi antla\u015fman\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u015fu imza var: \u2018Ha\u015fmetli B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ve \u0130rlanda Kraliyeti M\u00fcttehidesi, Maverayi Ebhar Britanya arazisi Kral\u0131 ve Hindistan \u0130mparatoru hazretleri.\u2019 Demek ki B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ile antla\u015fma imzalam\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131z ve o da \u00e7oktan par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hindistan ve deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 di\u011fer topraklar B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda, \u2018bunu kabul etmiyoruz, Osmanl\u0131 Kerk\u00fck’\u00fcn\u00fc geri istiyoruz\u2019 niye demediniz? \u00a0Bosna, S\u0131rbistan ve Karada\u011f da Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131 idi, Yugoslavya par\u00e7aland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na niye sahip \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan 1807 tarihli belgenin asl\u0131nda ise \u015fu ifadeler yer al\u0131yor:\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>Kerk\u00fck kasabas\u0131nda ikamet etmi\u015f olan K\u00fcrdistan H\u00e2kimi Sab\u0131k\u0131 Halid Pa\u015fa bulundu\u011fu yerin tamamen K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusundan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil olup ve kendisi de K\u00fcrt olmas\u0131ndan ve Kerk\u00fck kasabas\u0131n\u0131n da K\u00fcrdistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde olmas\u0131 hasebiyle bu b\u00f6lgede s\u00fcrekli karga\u015fa ve hadiselerin meydana gelece\u011fi bundan uzak durulmas\u0131 ihtimali de olamayaca\u011f\u0131 kuvvetle bilinmektedir. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Halid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n taraftarlar\u0131ndan olup Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunanlardan biri Fars\u00e7a yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir mektup g\u00f6nderir. Ve ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n tav\u0131r ve hareketlerine dair Halid Pa\u015fa kendisine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olan Fars\u00e7a mektupla birlikte kendisi de bir par\u00e7a yaz\u0131 ekleyerek Ba\u011fdat Valisi Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019ya g\u00f6ndermi\u015f olur. G\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olan Fars\u00e7a mektup ve K\u00fcrdistan eski H\u00e2kimi Halid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ekte sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fu mektubuyla birlikte terc\u00fcmeleri yap\u0131larak Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n emir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine sunulmak \u00fczere takdim edilmi\u015ftir. Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa hile ve desiseleriyle \u00fcn salm\u0131\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 da ihaneti a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde bilinmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan bu b\u00f6lgeyi ona teslim etmek K\u00fcrdistan ve havalisini \u0130ran\u2019a teslim etmek gibidir.\u00a0 Bu sebepten dolay\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgeye h\u00e2kim olur ise Ba\u011fdat valileriyle \u0130ranl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli husumet ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k artacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

En kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfus K\u00fcrtler!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca 1922 tarihine ait bir belgede de \u015fu ifadeler yer al\u0131yor:\u00a0 \u201cBelge Lozan Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n iki mimar\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ile \u0130ngiliz Devlet Adam\u0131 Lord Curzon aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen mektuba de\u011finerek \u015fu bilgiler i\u00e7ermektedir: \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, ilk mektubunda, sorunu, etnografik, politik, tarihsel, co\u011frafik, ekonomik ve Misak-\u0131 Milli olarak 7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde incelenmi\u015ftir. 23 Ocak 1923 tarihli oturumda da esas olarak bu mektuplara ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Musul, Kerk\u00fck, S\u00fcleymaniye\u2019deki n\u00fcfusu Lord Curzon\u2019un 785.468 olarak g\u00f6stermesine kar\u015f\u0131n, \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc 503.000 olarak g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrtlerin en kalabal\u0131k say\u0131y\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu iki taraf\u00e7a kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki taraf\u0131n n\u00fcfus kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: Musul tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 o kadar bi\u00e7imsel ve renksizdir ki \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131lan mektuplar\u0131n okunmas\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Lord Curzon araya girip, bunu okuman\u0131n gereksiz zaman kayb\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Ancak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iddialar yine de ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imsel tonda devam etmi\u015ftir. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, n\u00fcfus verilerinde Musul ilinde 410.790 K\u00fcrt ve T\u00fcrk\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 31.000 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan ve 43.000 Arap oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. Araplar\u0131n bu kadar az say\u0131da olmalar\u0131n\u0131n nedenini ise T\u00fcrklerin, \u201cUzun s\u00fcren Araplarla ili\u015fki kurmu\u015f ve Arap\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olmalar\u0131na\u201d ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu karma\u015f\u0131k toplumsal yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131nca 18.000, \u0130ngiliz taraf\u0131nca 30.000 g\u00f6sterilen Yezidilerin durumunu, \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ilgin\u00e7 bir tarzda \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r; \u201cYezidiler K\u00fcrtt\u00fcr, do\u011fal olarak gelenek ve g\u00f6renekleri K\u00fcrtlerinki gibidir. Aralar\u0131nda yaln\u0131z mezhep ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r, bu y\u00fczden onlar\u0131 birbirinden ayr\u0131 tutmak do\u011fru olmaz. Nas\u0131l ayn\u0131 ulusun bireylerini, kimisi Katolik kimisi de Protestan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 soydan saymak do\u011fru olmazsa, Yezidilerle K\u00fcrtleri de birbirinden ayr\u0131 tutmak haks\u0131zl\u0131k etmek olur.\u201d Bu konuda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyaca\u011f\u0131z belge yol g\u00f6stericidir.<\/p>\n

Belgenin asl\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n

\u201cBa\u011fdad Vilayetine \u015eifre (gizlilik esas\u0131na binaen) bizzat Vali taraf\u0131ndan \u015fifrenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi\u2026 Irak\u2019ta mesk\u00fbn ve eski ahaliden say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan T\u00fcrklerin n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131 sosyal durumlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve do\u011fru bilgi elde edilmesi ileride buralara isk\u00e2n edilecek A\u015firetler i\u00e7in tatbik edilecek siyaset a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan fevkalade m\u00fchim ve elzem bulundu\u011fundan Bedre, Horasan, Hanikin, Mendeli ve Divaniye gibi kazalarla vilayetin ve sair yerlerde bulunan T\u00fcrklere dair bundan b\u00f6yle acilen ve s\u00fcratle bilgi verilmesi. Vilayet d\u00e2hilinde ki yerli T\u00fcrklerin miktar\u0131 nedir ve bunlar hangi Liva ve Kaza ve Nahiye dahilinde ikamet etmektedirler bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerin Arap veya K\u00fcrd ahalisine nisbetle \u00e7o\u011funlukta m\u0131? Yoksa az\u0131nl\u0131kta m\u0131d\u0131rlar? Arap veya K\u00fcrt lisan ve \u00e2deti bunlara n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015f mi? Etmi\u015f ise ne derecededir. Aile aras\u0131nda hangi \u2018lisanla\u2019 konu\u015furlar di\u011fer unsurlar ve \u0131rklara g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcmetle alakalar\u0131 ve iktisadi mevkileri ne nispettedir? \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim tahsillerini ne gibi m\u00fc\u2019esseselerde ve hangi dillerde yapt\u0131r\u0131yorlar. \u0130\u00e7lerinde asimile olup Arapla\u015fan veya K\u00fcrtle\u015fen var m\u0131d\u0131r? \u0130\u00e7lerinde Arapl\u0131\u011fa, K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011fe temess\u00fcl (benzeme) etmi\u015f veya temess\u00fcle m\u00fcsait bir hale gelmi\u015f aileler z\u00fcmreler var m\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u00fcnya dengeleri eskisi gibi olmayacak\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aytem\u00fcr, ba\u015fta Osmanl\u0131, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ve sonras\u0131nda bat\u0131n\u0131n \u2018despot ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin\u2019 K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 bir m\u00fchendislik hassasiyetiyle hem \u201cMerkezile\u015ftirerek\u201d hem de par\u00e7alayarak, stat\u00fcs\u00fcz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Aytem\u00fcr, \u00a0\u201cK\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal geli\u015fimine izin vermeyerek devletle\u015fmemizi \u00f6nleyerek kendi sistemlerini ayakta tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00fclkemizi bize zindan eden bu politik yakla\u015f\u0131m h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam ediyor. Art\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnya dengeleri ve halklar\u0131n psikolojik durumlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmadan rastgele herkesin kafas\u0131na esti\u011fi gibi sa\u011fa-sola sald\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131 bilinmelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cesim \u0130lhan-basnews<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde 25 Eyl\u00fcl ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k referandumuna Kerk\u00fck gibi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin de kat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk medyas\u0131nda Kerk\u00fck ve Musul tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00fcndeme geldi. T\u00fcrkiye’nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda tarihsel, etnik ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli rol oynayan Kerk\u00fck ve Musul ile ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalarda temel soru \u201cKerk\u00fck T\u00fcrkmenlerin mi yoksa K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131na m\u0131 ait?\u201d Ancak T\u00fcrk medyas\u0131n\u0131n bu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,299],"tags":[1740,4707,3006,4706,734,4705,17],"class_list":["post-15817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-tarih","category-turkce","tag-basnews","tag-kamusul-alam","tag-kerkuk","tag-kerkuktarihi","tag-osmanli","tag-osmanli-belgeleri","tag-slide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15817"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15817\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15817"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}