{"id":14849,"date":"2017-06-24T08:00:30","date_gmt":"2017-06-24T05:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/candname.com\/?p=14849"},"modified":"2017-06-19T09:21:01","modified_gmt":"2017-06-19T06:21:01","slug":"endulus-ve-ispanyol-kulturune-yon-veren-kurd-ziryab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/?p=14849","title":{"rendered":"End\u00fcl\u00fcs ve \u0130spanyol K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne Y\u00f6n Veren K\u00fcrd \u2013 Ziryab"},"content":{"rendered":"

822 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u015fimdiki \u0130spanya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan, zaman\u0131n End\u00fcl\u00fcs Devleti\u2019nin \u00f6nemli \u015fehri Kurtuba\u2019da (Cordoba) Ziryab lakabl\u0131 bir K\u00fcrd, \u00fclkenin ilk m\u00fczik konservatuar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

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Aralar\u0131nda cariyesi Mat\u2019ah ve kendi k\u0131z\u0131 Hamdunah da olmakla beraber (baz\u0131 kaynaklarda iki k\u0131z\u0131 diye ge\u00e7er), toplamda 30 k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenciye m\u00fczik ve \u015fan dersleri veren bu K\u00fcrd; End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn Emevi h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Sultan II. Abdurrahman\u2019\u0131n be\u011feni ve deste\u011fini de ald\u0131kdan sonra \u00fclkenin di\u011fer \u015fehirlerinde de konservatuarlar kurarak, End\u00fcl\u00fcs ve daha sonras\u0131nda \u0130spanyol m\u00fczi\u011fi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n yemek, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131, moda ve edebiyat tarihinde hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir iz b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Peki, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1200 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, gitar enstr\u00fcman\u0131ndan Flamenko\u2019ya, ad\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yemek ve giyim ku\u015fam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden, hijyenik bak\u0131m al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na, \u0130spanyol ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 etkilemi\u015f Ziryab lakabl\u0131 bu dahi K\u00fcrd kimdi? Ta oralara nereden, nas\u0131l ve neden gitmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?<\/p>\n

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Baran ZEYDANLIO\u011eLU \u2013 12 Haziran 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n

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As\u0131l ad\u0131 Abu al-Hasan \u2018Ali ibn Nafi\u2019 olan Ziryab, 789 y\u0131l\u0131nda Musul\u2019un bir k\u00f6y\u00fcnde d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Ziryab lakab\u0131 ise kimilerine g\u00f6re onun esmer tenli olu\u015fundan dolay\u0131 Arap\u00e7a \u2019kara ku\u015f\u2019 anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in verilmi\u015f, kimilerine g\u00f6re ise sesinin safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve durulu\u011fundan Fars\u00e7a\/K\u00fcrd\u00e7e\u2019deki alt\u0131n su anlam\u0131ndaki \u2019zer ab\/av\u2019 isminden dolay\u0131 verilmi\u015fti. Ailesi ile Ba\u011fdat\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nan Ziryab, Abbasi Halifesi \u0130brahim El Mehdi\u2019nin hizmetkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve sonras\u0131nda azad edilmi\u015f k\u00f6le ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan K\u00fcrd bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fudur. Ziryab gitti\u011fi okulun en zeki \u00f6\u011frencilerinden biridir. Matematik, edebiyat, \u015fiir, astronomi ve co\u011frafya derslerinde \u00e7ok iyi olan Ziryab\u2019\u0131n en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu dal ise m\u00fcziktir.<\/p>\n

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Babas\u0131n\u0131n Halife\u2019nin saray\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131, Ziryab\u2019\u0131 d\u00f6neminin en \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fan hocas\u0131 ve kendisi gibi Musullu bir K\u00fcrd olan saray\u0131n ba\u015f m\u00fczisyeni \u0130shak (\u0130shaq Al-Mawsili) taraf\u0131ndan \u015fan dersleri almaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. (Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f yerle\u015fim merkezlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen; k\u00fclt\u00fcr, sanat ve edebiyat konusunda alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n o d\u00f6nemki en \u00fcnl\u00fc m\u00fczik ve \u015fan \u00fcstad\u0131 konumunda bulunan \u0130shak\u2019\u0131n kendi babas\u0131 Musullu \u0130brahim de eserlerini Arap\u00e7a icra etmi\u015f ve Arap m\u00fczik tarihinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir bestekar\/m\u00fczisyendir). Ziryab\u2019\u0131n m\u00fczi\u011fe olan yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yetene\u011fi ve kapasitesi hocas\u0131 \u0130shak\u2019\u0131n da taktiri ve be\u011fenisini her zaman ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00f6\u011frenciler aras\u0131nda en iyisi olarak hep takdim edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yleki bir g\u00fcn Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki Abbasi Halifesi olan Harun Re\u015fid, ba\u015f m\u00fczisyen Ishak\u2019a en iyi \u00f6\u011frencisini se\u00e7ip kendisine bir sunum yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Bunun \u00fczerine \u0130shak en iyi \u00f6\u011frencisi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ziryab ile halifenin huzuruna \u00e7\u0131kar. Ziryab\u2019\u0131n sunumu sonras\u0131 mest olan halife kendisini tan\u0131mak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek Ziryab ile konu\u015ftuktan sonra hocas\u0131 \u0130shak\u2019\u0131n ud\u2019u ile ba\u015fka \u015feyler de \u00e7almas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Bunun \u00fczerine Ziryab e\u011fer hocas\u0131 \u0130shak da dahil ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ile bir sunum yaparsa kendisinin ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan bir fark\u0131n\u0131n olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve e\u011fer halife hazretleri izin verirse, daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 kimse taraf\u0131ndan seslendirilmemi\u015f sadece kendisinin bildi\u011fi ve halife hazretleri i\u00e7in icra edebilece\u011fi repertuar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu ve bunu da kendi yap\u0131m\u0131 olan ud\u2019unu kullanarak seslendirebilece\u011fini arz eder. Bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda halife Re\u015fid \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131r ve onun ud\u2019unun di\u011ferlerinden fark\u0131n\u0131 sorar. Ziryab\u2019\u0131n cevab\u0131 ise epeyi teferruatl\u0131 olur:<\/p>\n

\u2019- benim ud\u2019um g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyebilir ilk etapta, ancak bu ud kendi yap\u0131m\u0131m olup di\u011fer bilinen udlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Perdeleri s\u0131cak su de\u011fmemi\u015f ipekten, bas ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc telleri ise aslan ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ah\u015fap m\u0131zrap yerine ben kartal pencesinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m kendi m\u0131zrap\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131r\u0131m. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise bu ud\u2019un be\u015finci bir tele sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ben bu be\u015finci tele \u2019ruh\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdim, ki di\u011ferleri de s\u0131ras\u0131yla; asabiyet, iyimserlik, duygusuzluk ve melankoli hallerini yans\u0131t\u0131rlar\u2019 diye cevap verir. Ziryab\u2019\u0131n ud\u2019unun be\u015finci teli ise her zaman k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya boyal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u2019ruhun rengi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r\u2019 diyormu\u015f hep Ziryab.<\/p>\n

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Halife i\u00e7in repertuar\u0131ndaki daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 duyulmam\u0131\u015f \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 seslendiren Ziryab, bu \u00fcst\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc performas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 halifenin kendisine hayran kalmas\u0131na neden olur. \u00d6yleki Ziryab\u2019\u0131n sahnesi sonras\u0131 saray\u0131n ba\u015f m\u00fczisyeni \u0130shak\u2019\u0131 yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran halife Re\u015fid, bu yetenekli \u00f6\u011frencinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zen ve itina ile elinden tutulmas\u0131 ve e\u011fitiminin tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel muameleye tabi olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini emreder. \u00dcst\u00fcne de Ziryab i\u00e7in kendisinin \u00f6zel planlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ekler. Bu s\u00f6zler \u00fczerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k ve tedirginlik ya\u015fayan \u0130shak, birden bire kendine rakip g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencisini bir kenara \u00e7ekerek onun biran \u00f6nce Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 terk etmesi gerekti\u011fini ve bunu yapmamas\u0131 dahilinde bu hatas\u0131n\u0131 can\u0131 ile \u00f6deyece\u011fi tehditi ile korkutur. Hocas\u0131n\u0131 iyi tan\u0131yan Ziryab, ba\u015f\u0131na bir \u015fey gelmemesi i\u00e7in Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 hemen terk eder. (Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Ziryab\u2019\u0131n ailesi ile birlikte Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 terk etti\u011fi ge\u00e7mektedir).<\/p>\n

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Seneler s\u00fcren Suriye, Filistin ve M\u0131s\u0131r \u00fclkelerindeki ya\u015fam\u0131, Tunus\u2019un Kayrevan (Kairouan) \u015fehrine gelmesiyle de\u011fi\u015fir. D\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli bir din, felsefe, ilim ve ticaret merkezi olan Keyrevan\u2019da olduk\u00e7a \u00fcnlenen Ziryab, End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn emevi sultan\u0131 II. Abdurrahman\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7ilerinden Yahudi Al-Mansur\u2019un dikkatini \u00e7eker. Ziryab\u2019a teklif g\u00f6t\u00fcren Al-Mansur, sultan\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ok yerinden yetenekli ve alim insanlar\u0131 End\u00fcl\u00fcs Cordoba\u2019ya davet etti\u011fini ve onlara \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli imkanlar sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131r. Sultan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n Kurtuba\u2019y\u0131 Ba\u011fdat ve \u015eam gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilim, sanat ve medeniyet merkezi yapmak istedi\u011fi oldu\u011funu Ziryab ile payla\u015f\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine ailesini de ikna eden Ziryab, hep bahsini duydu\u011fu ve bir g\u00fcn oraya gidece\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019na ve End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn parlayan y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 Kurtuba\/Cordoba \u015fehrine 822 y\u0131l\u0131nda gelir. \u00dc\u00e7 dinin ve \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u015fehri Kurtuba\/Cordoba\u2019ya.<\/p>\n

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Ziryab hakk\u0131ndaki bilgiye daha \u00f6ncesinden sahip olan sultan II. Abdurrahman, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve davetini kabul eden Ziryab\u2019a hemen maa\u015f ba\u011flar ve yapaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in saray\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 emrine amade eder. Kendisi de 33 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan sultan, akran\u0131 Ziryab ile s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, Ziryab art\u0131k End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn saray ahalisi ve elit kesimleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Sesi ve hi\u00e7bir zaman yan\u0131ndan ay\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi yap\u0131m\u0131 ud\u2019u ile icra etti\u011fi \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131, herkesi mest etmi\u015f ve \u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131sa zamanda t\u00fcm \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ziryab\u2019\u0131n ve sultan II. Abdurrahman\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde ele ald\u0131klar\u0131 konular sosyolojiden edebiyata, tarihten sanata, mimariden \u015fiire ve bilime kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede cereyan etti\u011finden, Ziryab art\u0131k sultan\u0131n bir dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 konumuna da gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7e\u015fitli etkinlik, kurum ve olu\u015fumlarda Ziryab\u2019\u0131n kararlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak onun imzas\u0131yla hayata ge\u00e7irilir. De\u011fi\u015fik \u015fehirlerde kurdu\u011fu m\u00fczik okullar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Hristiyan ve Yahudi \u00f6\u011frencilerden olu\u015fan, k\u0131zl\u0131 erkekli s\u0131n\u0131flarda ders verir, Musul ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki okullar\u0131 aratmayan, hatta daha zengin m\u00fcfredatlarla \u00f6\u011frenci yeti\u015ftirir. \u0130cra etti\u011fi ve besteledi\u011fi \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131, Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a\/ K\u00fcrd\u00e7e ve Hinduca ezgilerle harmanlay\u0131p, End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn ve sonras\u0131ndaki \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131na y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca kaybolmayacak eserler b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Getirdi\u011fi yeni uygulamalarla, Kuzey Afrika ve \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki m\u00fczik, beste ve \u015fark\u0131 tarzlar\u0131na radikal etkide bulunur. G\u00fcn\u00fcn 24 saatini baz alarak 24 kesitten olu\u015fan, \u0130spanya\u2019daki \u2019nauba\u2019 ve \u00f6zellikle Tunus, Cezayir ve Libya\u2019da etkin olan \u2019maluf\u2019 tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n temelleri Ziryab\u2019a aittirler. Ud\u2019unun perde ve tel \u00f6zellikleri, End\u00fcl\u00fcs m\u00fczik enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 konusunda bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve \u0130spanyollar\u0131n gitar enst\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n temelini olmu\u015ftur Ziryab\u2019\u0131n ah\u015fap yerine kartal pen\u00e7esinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0131zrab\u0131 da bir efsane yarat\u0131r. Ziryab\u2019\u0131n bu m\u0131zrab\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra kendisine sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131m diyenler art\u0131k ah\u015fab\u0131 tamam\u0131yla terk ederek, onlar da kartal \u011fencesi m\u0131zrab\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flarlar.<\/p>\n

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Ba\u011fdat\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra ta \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019na gelinceye kadar ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi zaman i\u00e7erisinde, geleneksel bir K\u00fcrd dengbeji gibi m\u00fczik i\u00e7ra etmi\u015f, kendini geli\u015ftirmi\u015f ve yenilemi\u015ftir. Bu birikim ve potansiyelini Cordoba\u2019daki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yeni dans ve m\u00fczik sunumuna aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Flamenko dans\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak da kabul edilen Ziryab, K\u00fcrdistan ve Mezopotamya\u2019dan beraberinde getirdi\u011fi m\u00fczik ve dans birikimini, Arap ve Kuzey Afrika motifleriyle zenginle\u015ftirip, End\u00fcl\u00fcs \u2013 \u0130spanyol k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131na katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ziryab\u2019\u0131n repertuar\u0131nda 10 binin \u00fczerinde \u015fark\u0131 ve bestenin oldu\u011fu belirtilir. Ibn Hayyan ve Al Maqqari; Ziryab\u2019\u0131 sadece m\u00fczik konusunda ele alman\u0131n vicdans\u0131zl\u0131k olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fczikte oldu\u011fu kadar \u015fiir, edebiyat, hitab, astronomi ve co\u011frafyada da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir birikime sahip oldu\u011funu yazarlar.<\/p>\n

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End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, giyim ve hayat tarz\u0131nda dahi yeniliklere imzas\u0131n\u0131 atar Ziryab. Kendisinden \u00f6nce tek ana yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne sahip olan End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019e, \u00e7orba ile ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7, ana yemek ve sonras\u0131nda tatl\u0131 veya meyve t\u00fcketim gelene\u011fini tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u0131\u00e7ak, \u00e7atal ve ka\u015f\u0131k kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca masalara \u00f6rt\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fclmesini \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir. Masalarda alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kap kacak ve bardaklar\u0131 kald\u0131rarak, cam ve kristal kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir. Ziryab\u2019\u0131n Kuzey Afrika ve \u00f6zellikle \u0130spanyol yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tatl\u0131 ve yemek \u00e7e\u015fitleri ile daha \u00f6nceden bilmedikleri yeni sebze t\u00fcrleri de vard\u0131r. Halen \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n bir \u00e7ok yerinde geleneksel yemeklerden olan ve \u00f6zellikle Zaragoza ve Kurtuba \u015fehirlerinde Ziryab ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lan yemek ve tatl\u0131lar vard\u0131r. \u2019Zalabia\/jalebia, Taqliyat Ziryab\u2019 ve \u2019Ziryabi\u2019 gibi.<\/p>\n

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\u0130nsanlar\u0131n bo\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda beyin jimnasti\u011fi yapmas\u0131 ve bir araya gelmeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Hindistan\u2019dan getirtti\u011fi alimler ve astrologlar\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile satranc\u0131 End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019e tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Polo sporunu da End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019e getiren Ziryab\u2019d\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n bak\u0131m, zerafet, giyim, ku\u015fam ve hijyenik al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na dahi yenilikler katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u00e7 kesimi, makyaj ve g\u00fczellik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan; mevsimine g\u00f6re k\u0131yafet kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar yenilikler getirmi\u015ftir. G\u00fczellik salonlar\u0131 dahi a\u00e7t\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendisinin k\u0131sa sa\u00e7\/sakall\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli bak\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131, elit s\u0131n\u0131f aras\u0131nda taklit dahi edilmi\u015f ve moda haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ama\u015f\u0131r y\u0131kamalar\u0131nda tuz kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile kad\u0131nlar\u0131 tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve bu \u015fekilde k\u00f6t\u00fc kokular\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in gereksiz yere g\u00fclsuyu kullanmamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir. Tuz ve kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir t\u00fcr s\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile di\u015f kremi ve di\u015fbak\u0131m\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda yaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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K\u0131yafet konusunda K\u00fcrdistan ve Mezopotamya\u2019da yayg\u0131n olan pamuklu dokuma kuma\u015f \u00fczerine siyah veya lacivert dikey \u00e7izgili k\u0131yafetleri, End\u00fcl\u00fcsl\u00fclere tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015f ve bu giyim tarz\u0131 \u00e7ok be\u011feni g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle Fas ve di\u011fer kuzey Afrika \u00fclkelerinde bu giyim tarz\u0131 halen mevcuttur. \u0130pek, y\u00fcn ve renkli kuma\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da uygulayarak, mevsimine g\u00f6re k\u0131yafete alternatif \u00e7oklu\u011funu kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0130\u00e7mimari ve mobilya tasar\u0131m\u0131 konusunda dahi, Do\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne has ah\u015fap tarz\u0131 ve deri mobilya kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sultan II. Abdurrahman\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 konumunda olan Ziryab, Emevi Devleti\u2019nin selameti ve zenginle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in sultan\u0131n deste\u011fi ile Kuzey Afrika\u2019dan, Mezopoptamya, Hindistan ve di\u011fer ilim merkezlerinden Yahudi doktorlar\u0131, alimleri, zanaatkarlar\u0131, astrologlar\u0131 ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Kurduba\u2019ya toplama konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ziryab\u2019\u0131n End\u00fcl\u00fcs ve \u0130spanya i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sadece \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayarak, kom\u015fu devletler ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini de etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

68 ya\u015f\u0131nda 857 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kurtuba\u2019da hayata veda eden Ziryab, arkas\u0131nda 8 erkek 2 k\u0131z olmak \u00fczre 10 \u00e7ocuk b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, ki bunlar da babalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen de olsa devam ettirmi\u015flerdir. Her ne kadar sultan II. Abdurahman\u2019dan sonra gelen sultan III. Abdurahman, Ziryab\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na destek vermi\u015fsede, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve etkileri babalar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda pek de \u00f6nemsenecek d\u00fczeyde olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrd Ziryab\u2019\u0131n \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki 35 senelik ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca hem Kurtuba ve End\u00fcl\u00fcs, hemde sonras\u0131ndaki \u0130spanya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne katt\u0131klar\u0131 ve kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 sanat tarih\u00e7ileri ve yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6v\u00fclerek ve g\u0131pta ile yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, derlenmesi ve \u00f6zellikle de K\u00fcrdler taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ise; Musul\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn bir ilim, sanat, medeniyet ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi haline gelmesine katk\u0131s\u0131 bu d\u00fczeyde olan Ziryab\u2019\u0131n neden haketti\u011fi d\u00fczeyde ve yeterince bilinmedi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Baran ZEYDANLIO\u011eLU-<\/strong>Bitlisname.com\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014-<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/p>\n

Flamenco y Music Kurda, M. Martorell, El Mundo<\/p>\n

\u2019The Forgotten Blackbird\u2019, The Daily Beagle<\/p>\n

\u2019Los Kurdos\u2019, transoxiana<\/p>\n

\u2019Encyclopedia of Islam\u2019, E. J. Brill, Anna Ruiz, Rotterdam University<\/p>\n

\u2019Vibrant Andalucia\u2019, The spice of life in Sothern Spain<\/p>\n

\u2019Unutulmu\u015f bilge bir K\u00fcrd\u00fcn hikayesi\u2019, Ziryab, \u0130. G\u00fcler<\/p>\n

Muslimheritage.com<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

822 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u015fimdiki \u0130spanya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan, zaman\u0131n End\u00fcl\u00fcs Devleti\u2019nin \u00f6nemli \u015fehri Kurtuba\u2019da (Cordoba) Ziryab lakabl\u0131 bir K\u00fcrd, \u00fclkenin ilk m\u00fczik konservatuar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ar.   Aralar\u0131nda cariyesi Mat\u2019ah ve kendi k\u0131z\u0131 Hamdunah da olmakla beraber (baz\u0131 kaynaklarda iki k\u0131z\u0131 diye ge\u00e7er), toplamda 30 k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenciye m\u00fczik ve \u015fan dersleri veren bu K\u00fcrd; End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn Emevi h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Sultan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118,299],"tags":[17,4457],"class_list":["post-14849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-biyografi","category-turkce","tag-slide","tag-ziryab"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14849"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14849\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/candname.com\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}